{"id":"CVE-2026-35618","aliases":["EUVD-2026-21103","GHSA-cg6c-q2hx-69h7","GHSA-j56c-wpqm-h24x"],"status":"published","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.3.23 - Replay Identity Drift via Query-Only Variants in Plivo V2 Verification","description":"OpenClaw before 2026.3.23 contains a replay identity vulnerability in Plivo V2 signature verification that allows attackers to bypass replay protection by modifying query parameters. The verification path derives replay keys from the full URL including query strings instead of the canonicalized base URL, enabling attackers to mint new verified request keys through unsigned query-only changes to signed requests.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":8.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00294,"percentile":0.22274,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-294"],"published":"2026-03-26T18:56:32Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:44Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","fixed_in":["2026.3.23"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2026.3.23"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2026.3.23"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"openclaw","product":"openclaw"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-cg6c-q2hx-69h7","tags":["vendor-advisory","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/630f1479c44f78484dfa21bb407cbe6f171dac87","tags":["patch","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/b0ce53a79cf63834660270513e26d921899b4e5b","tags":["patch","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-replay-identity-drift-via-query-only-variants-in-plivo-v2-verification","tags":["third-party-advisory","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35618","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-cg6c-q2hx-69h7"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-j56c-wpqm-h24x"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/35xxx/CVE-2026-35618.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-35618","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.3.23 - Replay Identity Drift via Query-Only Variants in Plivo V2 Verification","description":"OpenClaw before 2026.3.23 contains a replay identity vulnerability in Plivo V2 signature verification that allows attackers to bypass replay protection by modifying query parameters. The verification path derives replay keys from the full URL including query strings instead of the canonicalized base URL, enabling attackers to mint new verified request keys through unsigned query-only changes to signed requests.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-09T21:26:51.509Z","modified":"2026-06-23T16:15:45.238Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:20:05.505362Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-21103","description":"OpenClaw before 2026.3.23 contains a replay identity vulnerability in Plivo V2 signature verification that allows attackers to bypass replay protection by modifying query parameters. The verification path derives replay keys from the full URL including query strings instead of the canonicalized base URL, enabling attackers to mint new verified request keys through unsigned query-only changes to signed requests.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-09T21:26:51Z","modified":"2026-06-23T16:15:45Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:20:32.273921Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-cg6c-q2hx-69h7","title":"OpenClaw: Plivo V2 verified replay identity drifts on query-only variants","description":"## Summary\nBefore `v2026.3.23`, the Plivo V2 verification path treated query-only variants of the same signed request as fresh verified work. Plivo V2 signatures authenticate `baseUrl + nonce`, but the replay key was derived from the full verification URL including the query string, so unsigned query-only changes minted a new `verifiedRequestKey`.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected: `\u003c 2026.3.23`\n- Fixed: `\u003e= 2026.3.23`\n- Latest released tag checked: `v2026.3.23-2` (`630f1479c44f78484dfa21bb407cbe6f171dac87`)\n- Latest published npm version checked: `2026.3.23-2`\n\n## Root Cause\nThe vulnerable logic lived in `extensions/voice-call/src/webhook-security.ts`. V2 signature validation already canonicalized to the base URL without query parameters, but the replay key used the full `verificationUrl`, letting query-only variants bypass replay identity stability.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `b0ce53a79cf63834660270513e26d921899b4e5b` — `fix(voice-call): stabilize plivo v2 replay keys`\n\n## Release Status\nThe fix commit is contained in released tags `v2026.3.23` and `v2026.3.23-2`. The latest shipped tag and npm release both include the fix.\n\n## Code-Level Confirmation\n- `extensions/voice-call/src/webhook-security.ts` now derives the V2 replay key with `createPlivoV2ReplayKey(...)`, which hashes `getBaseUrlNoQuery(url)` plus the nonce.\n- `extensions/voice-call/src/webhook-security.test.ts` contains the regression test `treats query-only V2 variants as the same verified request`.\n\nThanks @smaeljaish771 for reporting.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-26T18:56:32Z","modified":"2026-04-10T20:18:54Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.2,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:53.087746Z"},{"id":"GHSA-j56c-wpqm-h24x","title":"Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw: Plivo V2 verified replay identity drifts on query-only variants","description":"### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-cg6c-q2hx-69h7. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nOpenClaw before 2026.3.23 contains a replay identity vulnerability in Plivo V2 signature verification that allows attackers to bypass replay protection by modifying query parameters. The verification path derives replay keys from the full URL including query strings instead of the canonicalized base URL, enabling attackers to mint new verified request keys through unsigned query-only changes to signed requests.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2026-04-10T00:30:29Z","modified":"2026-04-10T20:18:47Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:53.087746Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-35618","description":"OpenClaw before 2026.3.23 contains a replay identity vulnerability in Plivo V2 signature verification that allows attackers to bypass replay protection by modifying query parameters. The verification path derives replay keys from the full URL including query strings instead of the canonicalized base URL, enabling attackers to mint new verified request keys through unsigned query-only changes to signed requests.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-09T22:16:30.143Z","modified":"2026-06-17T10:40:52.52Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:13.902911Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-35618","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.3.23 - Replay Identity Drift via Query-Only Variants in Plivo V2 Verification","description":"OpenClaw before 2026.3.23 contains a replay identity vulnerability in Plivo V2 signature verification that allows attackers to bypass replay protection by modifying query parameters. The verification path derives replay keys from the full URL including query strings instead of the canonicalized base URL, enabling attackers to mint new verified request keys through unsigned query-only changes to signed requests.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-09T21:26:51.509Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:44.522700659Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:02.673625Z"},{"id":"GHSA-cg6c-q2hx-69h7","title":"OpenClaw: Plivo V2 verified replay identity drifts on query-only variants","description":"## Summary\nBefore `v2026.3.23`, the Plivo V2 verification path treated query-only variants of the same signed request as fresh verified work. Plivo V2 signatures authenticate `baseUrl + nonce`, but the replay key was derived from the full verification URL including the query string, so unsigned query-only changes minted a new `verifiedRequestKey`.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected: `\u003c 2026.3.23`\n- Fixed: `\u003e= 2026.3.23`\n- Latest released tag checked: `v2026.3.23-2` (`630f1479c44f78484dfa21bb407cbe6f171dac87`)\n- Latest published npm version checked: `2026.3.23-2`\n\n## Root Cause\nThe vulnerable logic lived in `extensions/voice-call/src/webhook-security.ts`. V2 signature validation already canonicalized to the base URL without query parameters, but the replay key used the full `verificationUrl`, letting query-only variants bypass replay identity stability.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `b0ce53a79cf63834660270513e26d921899b4e5b` — `fix(voice-call): stabilize plivo v2 replay keys`\n\n## Release Status\nThe fix commit is contained in released tags `v2026.3.23` and `v2026.3.23-2`. The latest shipped tag and npm release both include the fix.\n\n## Code-Level Confirmation\n- `extensions/voice-call/src/webhook-security.ts` now derives the V2 replay key with `createPlivoV2ReplayKey(...)`, which hashes `getBaseUrlNoQuery(url)` plus the nonce.\n- `extensions/voice-call/src/webhook-security.test.ts` contains the regression test `treats query-only V2 variants as the same verified request`.\n\nThanks @smaeljaish771 for reporting.","status":"published","published":"2026-03-26T18:56:32Z","modified":"2026-04-10T20:42:17.848062Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.2,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:44.927642Z"},{"id":"GHSA-j56c-wpqm-h24x","title":"Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw: Plivo V2 verified replay identity drifts on query-only variants","description":"### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-cg6c-q2hx-69h7. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nOpenClaw before 2026.3.23 contains a replay identity vulnerability in Plivo V2 signature verification that allows attackers to bypass replay protection by modifying query parameters. The verification path derives replay keys from the full URL including query strings instead of the canonicalized base URL, enabling attackers to mint new verified request keys through unsigned query-only changes to signed requests.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2026-04-10T00:30:29Z","modified":"2026-04-10T20:34:48.348073Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N","level":"medium"},{"version":"4.0","score":8.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-294"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:49.977351Z"}]}}