{"id":"CVE-2026-40494","aliases":["DEBIAN-CVE-2026-40494","EUVD-2026-23648","GHSA-cp2j-rwh4-r46f","UBUNTU-CVE-2026-40494"],"status":"published","title":"SAIL has heap buffer overflow in TGA RLE decoder — raw packet path missing bounds check","description":"SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00332,"percentile":0.26751,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-787"],"published":"2026-04-18T01:42:48Z","modified":"2026-10-28T10:55:08Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"sail","fixed_in":["0.9.10-2"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"sail","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.9.10-1","0.9.10-2","0.9.10-3","0.9.8-1","0.9.8-1+deb13u1","0.9.9-1","1.2.0-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"sail","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.9.10-2"}]}],"versions":["0.9.10-1","0.9.8-1","0.9.9-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:24.04:LTS","package":"sail","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.9.0+repack-1","0.9.0+repack-2","0.9.0+repack-2.1","0.9.0+repack-2.1build1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:25.10","package":"sail","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.9.7-1build1","0.9.8-1","0.9.9-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:26.10","package":"sail","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.9.10-1","0.9.10-3"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:26.04:LTS","package":"sail","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["0.9.9-1","0.9.10-1"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"happyseafox","product":"sail"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-cp2j-rwh4-r46f","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","advisory","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/40xxx/CVE-2026-40494.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40494","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-40494","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-40494","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-40494","tags":["report"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-40494","title":"SAIL has heap buffer overflow in TGA RLE decoder — raw packet path missing bounds check","description":"SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-18T01:42:48.83Z","modified":"2026-04-20T14:55:42.859Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-787"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T13:43:11.445168Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-23648","description":"SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-18T01:42:48Z","modified":"2026-04-20T14:55:42Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T19:24:22.924744Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-40494","description":"SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-18T03:16:13.59Z","modified":"2026-10-25T23:10:00.167Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-787"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:15.120927Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-40494","title":"SAIL has heap buffer overflow in TGA RLE decoder — raw packet path missing bounds check","description":"SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-18T01:42:48.83Z","modified":"2026-10-28T10:55:08.407087596Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-787"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:03.424067Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2026-40494","description":"SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-18T03:16:13.59Z","modified":"2026-10-26T11:47:25.972226631Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:54.892385Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2026-40494","description":"SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-18T03:16:00Z","modified":"2026-10-17T12:58:52.842892485Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:56:16.686388Z"}]}}