{"id":"CVE-2026-44118","aliases":["EUVD-2026-28201","GHSA-35vf-vw9f-q3cr","GHSA-r6xh-pqhr-v4xh"],"status":"published","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.4.22 - Owner Context Spoofing via Bearer Token Header","description":"OpenClaw before 2026.4.22 derives loopback MCP owner context from spoofable server-issued bearer tokens in request headers. Non-owner loopback clients can present themselves as owner to bypass owner-gated operations by manipulating the sender-owner header metadata.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00135,"percentile":0.0301,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-284","CWE-290"],"published":"2026-05-04T20:22:42Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:00Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","fixed_in":["2026.4.22"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"2026.4.21"},{"fixed":"2026.4.22"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"openclaw","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2026.4.22"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"openclaw","product":"openclaw"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-r6xh-pqhr-v4xh","tags":["vendor-advisory","Mitigation","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/3cb1a56bfc9579a0f2336f9cfa12a8a744332a19","tags":["patch","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-owner-context-spoofing-via-bearer-token-header","tags":["third-party-advisory","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44118","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-35vf-vw9f-q3cr"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-r6xh-pqhr-v4xh"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/44xxx/CVE-2026-44118.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44118","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.4.22 - Owner Context Spoofing via Bearer Token Header","description":"OpenClaw before 2026.4.22 derives loopback MCP owner context from spoofable server-issued bearer tokens in request headers. Non-owner loopback clients can present themselves as owner to bypass owner-gated operations by manipulating the sender-owner header metadata.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-06T19:49:37.173Z","modified":"2026-09-24T14:17:45.092Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T13:42:49.132798Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-28201","description":"OpenClaw before 2026.4.22 derives loopback MCP owner context from spoofable server-issued bearer tokens in request headers. Non-owner loopback clients can present themselves as owner to bypass owner-gated operations by manipulating the sender-owner header metadata.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-06T19:49:37Z","modified":"2026-09-24T14:17:45Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T17:27:58.186745Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-35vf-vw9f-q3cr","title":"Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw: MCP loopback owner context is derived from server-issued bearer tokens","description":"### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-r6xh-pqhr-v4xh. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nOpenClaw before 2026.4.22 derives loopback MCP owner context from spoofable server-issued bearer tokens in request headers. Non-owner loopback clients can present themselves as owner to bypass owner-gated operations by manipulating the sender-owner header metadata.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2026-05-06T21:31:42Z","modified":"2026-05-11T16:12:48Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"},{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:05.816188Z"},{"id":"GHSA-r6xh-pqhr-v4xh","title":"OpenClaw: MCP loopback owner context is derived from server-issued bearer tokens","description":"## Summary\nMCP loopback owner context is derived from server-issued bearer tokens.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: openclaw (npm)\n- Affected versions: \u003c= 2026.4.21\n- Fixed version: 2026.4.22\n\n## Impact\nThe loopback MCP path accepted spoofable owner-context metadata from request headers, which could allow a non-owner loopback client to present itself as owner for owner-gated operations.\n\n## Fix\nThe MCP loopback runtime now issues separate owner and non-owner bearer tokens and derives senderIsOwner exclusively from which token authenticated the request. The spoofable sender-owner header is no longer emitted or trusted.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- 3cb1a56bfc9579a0f2336f9cfa12a8a744332a19\n\n## Verification\n- The fix commit is contained in the public v2026.4.22 tag.\n- openclaw@2026.4.22 is published on npm and the compiled package contains the fix.\n- Focused regression coverage for this path passed before publication.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @VladimirEliTokarev for reporting.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-04T20:22:42Z","modified":"2026-05-12T13:38:34Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-284","CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:07.01746Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44118","description":"OpenClaw before 2026.4.22 derives loopback MCP owner context from spoofable server-issued bearer tokens in request headers. Non-owner loopback clients can present themselves as owner to bypass owner-gated operations by manipulating the sender-owner header metadata.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-06T20:16:35.9Z","modified":"2026-06-17T10:50:17.423Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:17.418622Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44118","title":"OpenClaw \u003c 2026.4.22 - Owner Context Spoofing via Bearer Token Header","description":"OpenClaw before 2026.4.22 derives loopback MCP owner context from spoofable server-issued bearer tokens in request headers. Non-owner loopback clients can present themselves as owner to bypass owner-gated operations by manipulating the sender-owner header metadata.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-06T19:49:37.173Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:00.742454164Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:04.820169Z"},{"id":"GHSA-35vf-vw9f-q3cr","title":"Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw: MCP loopback owner context is derived from server-issued bearer tokens","description":"### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-r6xh-pqhr-v4xh. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nOpenClaw before 2026.4.22 derives loopback MCP owner context from spoofable server-issued bearer tokens in request headers. Non-owner loopback clients can present themselves as owner to bypass owner-gated operations by manipulating the sender-owner header metadata.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2026-05-06T21:31:42Z","modified":"2026-05-11T16:37:28.5815Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"},{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:35.406455Z"},{"id":"GHSA-r6xh-pqhr-v4xh","title":"OpenClaw: MCP loopback owner context is derived from server-issued bearer tokens","description":"## Summary\nMCP loopback owner context is derived from server-issued bearer tokens.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: openclaw (npm)\n- Affected versions: \u003c= 2026.4.21\n- Fixed version: 2026.4.22\n\n## Impact\nThe loopback MCP path accepted spoofable owner-context metadata from request headers, which could allow a non-owner loopback client to present itself as owner for owner-gated operations.\n\n## Fix\nThe MCP loopback runtime now issues separate owner and non-owner bearer tokens and derives senderIsOwner exclusively from which token authenticated the request. The spoofable sender-owner header is no longer emitted or trusted.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- 3cb1a56bfc9579a0f2336f9cfa12a8a744332a19\n\n## Verification\n- The fix commit is contained in the public v2026.4.22 tag.\n- openclaw@2026.4.22 is published on npm and the compiled package contains the fix.\n- Focused regression coverage for this path passed before publication.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @VladimirEliTokarev for reporting.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-04T20:22:42Z","modified":"2026-05-12T17:26:29.030919Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"},{"version":"4.0","score":8.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-284","CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:55.480549Z"}]}}