{"id":"CVE-2026-44457","aliases":["CLSA-2026-1790413170","EUVD-2026-30036","GHSA-gq3j-xvxp-8hrf","GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm","ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-44457"],"status":"published","title":"Hono: Cache Middleware ignores Vary: Authorization / Vary: Cookie leading to cross-user cache leakage","description":"Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, Cache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via Vary: Authorization or Vary: Cookie. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.00198,"percentile":0.09593,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-524"],"published":"2026-05-09T00:28:46Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:58Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"hono","fixed_in":["4.12.18"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/hono","fixed_in":["4.12.14-root.io.3","4.12.14-root.io.1","4.12.14-root.io.2","4.12.14-root.io.4","4.12.14-root.io.5","4.12.14-root.io.6","4.12.14-root.io.7","4.12.14-root.io.8","4.12.12-root.io.2"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"hono","fixed_in":["4.12.14-aikido.3","4.12.14-aikido.4","4.12.14-aikido.5","4.12.14-aikido.6","4.12.14-aikido.7","4.12.14-aikido.8","4.12.12-aikido.2"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"hono","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.12.18"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"hono","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.12.12-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.12.12-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["3.12.12"],"bundled":14},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"hono","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.12.18"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/hono","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-root.io.3"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-root.io.1"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-root.io.2"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-root.io.4"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-root.io.5"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-root.io.6"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-root.io.7"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-root.io.8"},{"fixed":"4.12.12-root.io.2"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"hono","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-aikido.3"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-aikido.4"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-aikido.5"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-aikido.6"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-aikido.7"},{"fixed":"4.12.14-aikido.8"},{"fixed":"4.12.12-aikido.2"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"hono","product":"hono"},{"vendor":"honojs","product":"hono"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/honojs/hono/security/advisories/GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44457","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/44xxx/CVE-2026-44457.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/honojs/hono","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44457","title":"Hono: Cache Middleware ignores Vary: Authorization / Vary: Cookie leading to cross-user cache leakage","description":"Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, Cache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via Vary: Authorization or Vary: Cookie. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-13T14:58:52.931Z","modified":"2026-05-18T14:07:53.005Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-524"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T13:42:49.132798Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-30036","description":"Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, Cache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via Vary: Authorization or Vary: Cookie. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-13T14:58:52Z","modified":"2026-05-18T14:07:53Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:21:16.642345Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm","title":"Hono's Cache Middleware ignores Vary: Authorization / Vary: Cookie leading to cross-user cache leakage","description":"### Summary\n\nCache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via `Vary: Authorization` or `Vary: Cookie`. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users.\n\n### Details\n\nThe Cache Middleware skips caching when a response carries `Vary: *`, certain `Cache-Control` directives (`private`, `no-store`, `no-cache`), or `Set-Cookie`. However, `Vary: Authorization` and `Vary: Cookie` — the standard signals defined in RFC 9110 / RFC 9111 to indicate per-user responses — are not treated as cache-skip reasons.\n\nThis issue arises when applications use the Cache Middleware on endpoints that return user-specific data and rely on `Vary: Authorization` or `Vary: Cookie` to scope the response per user, without also setting `Cache-Control: private`.\n\n### Impact\n\nA user may receive a cached response that was originally generated for a different authenticated user. This may lead to:\n\n- Disclosure of personally identifiable information or other user-specific data present in the response body\n- Inconsistent or incorrect behavior in user-specific endpoints\n\nThis issue affects applications that use the Cache Middleware on endpoints whose responses vary by `Authorization` or `Cookie` and that do not also set `Cache-Control: private`.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-09T00:28:46Z","modified":"2026-05-14T20:35:44Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-524"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:09.033429Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44457","description":"Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, Cache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via Vary: Authorization or Vary: Cookie. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-13T16:16:57.7Z","modified":"2026-10-26T14:10:00.13Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-524"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:19.020465Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44457","title":"Hono: Cache Middleware ignores Vary: Authorization / Vary: Cookie leading to cross-user cache leakage","description":"Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, Cache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via Vary: Authorization or Vary: Cookie. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-13T14:58:52.931Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:58.911884769Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-524"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:04.820169Z"},{"id":"GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm","title":"Hono's Cache Middleware ignores Vary: Authorization / Vary: Cookie leading to cross-user cache leakage","description":"### Summary\n\nCache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via `Vary: Authorization` or `Vary: Cookie`. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users.\n\n### Details\n\nThe Cache Middleware skips caching when a response carries `Vary: *`, certain `Cache-Control` directives (`private`, `no-store`, `no-cache`), or `Set-Cookie`. However, `Vary: Authorization` and `Vary: Cookie` — the standard signals defined in RFC 9110 / RFC 9111 to indicate per-user responses — are not treated as cache-skip reasons.\n\nThis issue arises when applications use the Cache Middleware on endpoints that return user-specific data and rely on `Vary: Authorization` or `Vary: Cookie` to scope the response per user, without also setting `Cache-Control: private`.\n\n### Impact\n\nA user may receive a cached response that was originally generated for a different authenticated user. This may lead to:\n\n- Disclosure of personally identifiable information or other user-specific data present in the response body\n- Inconsistent or incorrect behavior in user-specific endpoints\n\nThis issue affects applications that use the Cache Middleware on endpoints whose responses vary by `Authorization` or `Cookie` and that do not also set `Cache-Control: private`.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-09T00:28:46Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:51:06.651980667Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-524"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:52.891208Z"},{"id":"ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-44457","title":"CVE-2026-44457 in @rootio/hono - Patched by Root","description":"Root has patched CVE-2026-44457 in the @rootio/hono package for Root:npm. Multiple fixed versions available.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-27T08:20:49Z","modified":"2026-07-27T13:15:11.948056216Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:27.649662Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1790413170","title":"TuxCare security update for hono (15 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt hono to address 15 CVEs. Fixed in 3.12.12-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-09-26T08:59:30Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:56.5204861Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:48.65893Z"}]}}