{"id":"CVE-2026-44723","aliases":["EUVD-2026-31902","GHSA-cg2g-xgg7-3xxq"],"status":"published","title":"Vowpal Wabbit: Shell injection via crafted PR title in python_checks.yml allows arbitrary command execution on CI runner","description":"Vowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to the Python test script run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. The shell interprets the expanded string before invoking Python, allowing an attacker to break out of the quotes and execute arbitrary commands on the runner. The pull_request trigger fires on PRs targeting any branch (branches: ['*']), with no additional access gate. This vulnerability is fixed by the 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad commit.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00469,"percentile":0.41044,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":false},"cwes":["CWE-1336","CWE-78"],"published":"2026-05-26T15:49:17Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:57Z","products":[{"vendor":"vowpalwabbit","product":"vowpal_wabbit"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/security/advisories/GHSA-cg2g-xgg7-3xxq","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","exploit","Exploit","Mitigation","Vendor Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/VowpalWabbit/vowpal_wabbit/commit/998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/44xxx/CVE-2026-44723.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44723","tags":["advisory"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44723","title":"Vowpal Wabbit: Shell injection via crafted PR title in python_checks.yml allows arbitrary command execution on CI runner","description":"Vowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to the Python test script run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. The shell interprets the expanded string before invoking Python, allowing an attacker to break out of the quotes and execute arbitrary commands on the runner. The pull_request trigger fires on PRs targeting any branch (branches: ['*']), with no additional access gate. This vulnerability is fixed by the 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad commit.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-26T15:49:17.951Z","modified":"2026-05-28T13:58:23.038Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-78","CWE-1336"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T13:43:00.288193Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-31902","description":"Vowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to the Python test script run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. The shell interprets the expanded string before invoking Python, allowing an attacker to break out of the quotes and execute arbitrary commands on the runner. The pull_request trigger fires on PRs targeting any branch (branches: ['*']), with no additional access gate. This vulnerability is fixed by the 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad commit.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-26T15:49:17Z","modified":"2026-05-28T13:58:23Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:21:02.581093Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44723","description":"Vowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to the Python test script run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. The shell interprets the expanded string before invoking Python, allowing an attacker to break out of the quotes and execute arbitrary commands on the runner. The pull_request trigger fires on PRs targeting any branch (branches: ['*']), with no additional access gate. This vulnerability is fixed by the 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad commit.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-26T17:16:46.68Z","modified":"2026-07-24T11:10:00.17Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.9,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-78","CWE-1336"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:20.131508Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-44723","title":"Vowpal Wabbit: Shell injection via crafted PR title in python_checks.yml allows arbitrary command execution on CI runner","description":"Vowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to the Python test script run_tests_model_gen_and_load.py. The shell interprets the expanded string before invoking Python, allowing an attacker to break out of the quotes and execute arbitrary commands on the runner. The pull_request trigger fires on PRs targeting any branch (branches: ['*']), with no additional access gate. This vulnerability is fixed by the 998e390e80a7e8192d7849b7784bc113dbd190ad commit.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-26T15:49:17.951Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:57.81612704Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-1336","CWE-78"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:05.172514Z"}]}}