{"id":"CVE-2026-4878","aliases":["ALPINE-CVE-2026-4878","ALSA-2026:12423","ALSA-2026:12441","ALSA-2026:13285","ALSA-2026:19130","ALSA-2026:19346","AZL-82425","BELL-CVE-2026-4878","CLSA-2026-1777941636","CLSA-2026-1777941808","CLSA-2026-1777944214","CLSA-2026-1778081089","CLSA-2026-1778599539","CLSA-2026-1778599722","CLSA-2026-1778662651","CLSA-2026-1792443899","DEBIAN-CVE-2026-4878","EUVD-2026-20910","MGASA-2026-0221","OESA-2026-1929","RHSA-2026:12423","RHSA-2026:12441","RHSA-2026:13285","RHSA-2026:19130","RHSA-2026:19346","RHSA-2026:19456","RHSA-2026:19458","RHSA-2026:20595","RHSA-2026:21254","RHSA-2026:22957","RHSA-2026:24346","RHSA-2026:7473","RLSA-2026:12423","RLSA-2026:12441","RLSA-2026:13285","RLSA-2026:19130","RLSA-2026:19346","ROOT-OS-ALPINE-315-CVE-2026-4878","ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-12-CVE-2026-4878","ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-13-CVE-2026-4878","SUSE-SU-2026:1432-1","SUSE-SU-2026:1433-1","SUSE-SU-2026:21243-1","SUSE-SU-2026:21257-1","SUSE-SU-2026:21274-1","SUSE-SU-2026:21373-1","UBUNTU-CVE-2026-4878","USN-8193-1","USN-8193-2","openSUSE-SU-2026:10536-1","openSUSE-SU-2026:20613-1"],"status":"published","title":"Libcap: libcap: privilege escalation via toctou race condition in cap_set_file()","description":"A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":6.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.00209,"percentile":0.11152,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-367"],"published":"2026-04-09T14:49:02Z","modified":"2026-11-04T22:41:53Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.20","package":"libcap","fixed_in":["2.78-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.21","package":"libcap","fixed_in":["2.78-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.22","package":"libcap","fixed_in":["2.78-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.23","package":"libcap","fixed_in":["2.78-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Alpine:v3.24","package":"libcap","fixed_in":["2.78-r0"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:10","package":"libcap","fixed_in":["2.69-7.el10_1.1","2.69-7.el10_2.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:10","package":"libcap-devel","fixed_in":["2.69-7.el10_1.1","2.69-7.el10_2.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","package":"libcap","fixed_in":["2.48-10.el9_7.1","2.48-10.el9_8.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:9","package":"libcap-devel","fixed_in":["2.48-10.el9_7.1","2.48-10.el9_8.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","package":"libcap","fixed_in":["2.48-6.el8_10.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","package":"libcap-devel","fixed_in":["2.48-6.el8_10.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Azure 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This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-09T16:16:31.987Z","modified":"2026-10-01T02:17:49.322445605Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:27:50.764331Z"},{"id":"BELL-CVE-2026-4878","status":"published","published":"2026-04-10T06:09:37.119175Z","modified":"2026-04-30T07:17:24.567422Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:28:24.391068Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2026-4878","description":"A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-09T16:16:31.987Z","modified":"2026-11-05T09:47:28.962949207Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-05T13:31:24.64316Z"},{"id":"OESA-2026-1929","title":"libcap security update","description":"This is a library for getting and setting POSIX.1e (formerly POSIX 6) draft 15 capabilities.\r\n\r\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\nA flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. 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section.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-29T16:03:24.060458Z","modified":"2026-05-29T16:30:44.845469533Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:25.508922Z"},{"id":"RLSA-2026:19346","title":"Important: libcap security update","description":"Libcap is a library for getting and setting POSIX.1e (formerly POSIX 6) draft 15 capabilities.\n\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\n* libcap: libcap: Privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file() (CVE-2026-4878)\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.","status":"published","published":"2026-05-20T00:03:50.188648Z","modified":"2026-05-20T00:30:27.583363924Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:25.804165Z"},{"id":"ROOT-OS-ALPINE-315-CVE-2026-4878","title":"CVE-2026-4878 in libcap - Patched by Root","description":"Root has patched CVE-2026-4878 in the libcap package for Root:Alpine:3.15. Multiple fixed versions available.","status":"published","published":"2026-09-29T09:22:59Z","modified":"2026-09-29T10:15:07.429049984Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:28.259095Z"},{"id":"ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-12-CVE-2026-4878","title":"CVE-2026-4878 in rootio-libcap2 - Patched by Root","description":"Root has patched CVE-2026-4878 in the rootio-libcap2 package for Root:Debian:12. Multiple fixed versions available.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2026-04-13T11:30:53Z","modified":"2026-08-19T20:00:13.602513622Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:32.298225Z"},{"id":"ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-13-CVE-2026-4878","title":"CVE-2026-4878 in rootio-libcap2 - Patched by Root","description":"Root has patched CVE-2026-4878 in the rootio-libcap2 package for Root:Debian:13. Multiple fixed versions available.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2026-04-16T08:08:08Z","modified":"2026-08-19T20:00:13.607479077Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:33.681527Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2026-4878","description":"A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-09T16:16:00Z","modified":"2026-06-24T02:29:23.557692146Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"medium"},{"version":"3.1","score":7,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:56:33.391918Z"},{"id":"ALSA-2026:12423","title":"Important: libcap security update","description":"Libcap is a library for getting and setting POSIX.1e (formerly POSIX 6) draft 15 capabilities.  \n\nSecurity Fix(es):  \n\n  * libcap: libcap: Privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file() (CVE-2026-4878)\n\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.\n","status":"published","published":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-29T11:58:17.427314Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:27:53.875139Z"},{"id":"ALSA-2026:12441","title":"Important: libcap security update","description":"Libcap is a library for getting and setting POSIX.1e (formerly POSIX 6) draft 15 capabilities.  \n\nSecurity Fix(es):  \n\n  * libcap: libcap: Privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file() (CVE-2026-4878)\n\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.\n","status":"published","published":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-29T11:32:30.525747459Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:27:53.875139Z"},{"id":"ALSA-2026:13285","title":"Important: libcap security update","description":"Libcap is a library for getting and setting POSIX.1e (formerly POSIX 6) draft 15 capabilities.  \n\nSecurity Fix(es):  \n\n  * libcap: libcap: Privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file() (CVE-2026-4878)\n\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.\n","status":"published","published":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-29T11:02:23.389063703Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:27:53.875139Z"},{"id":"ALSA-2026:19130","title":"Important: libcap security update","description":"Libcap is a library for getting and setting POSIX.1e (formerly POSIX 6) draft 15 capabilities.  \n\nSecurity Fix(es):  \n\n  * libcap: libcap: Privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file() (CVE-2026-4878)\n\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.\n","status":"published","published":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-29T11:30:16.770907957Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:27:53.875139Z"},{"id":"ALSA-2026:19346","title":"Important: libcap security update","description":"Libcap is a library for getting and setting POSIX.1e (formerly POSIX 6) draft 15 capabilities.  \n\nSecurity Fix(es):  \n\n  * libcap: libcap: Privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file() (CVE-2026-4878)\n\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.\n","status":"published","published":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-29T11:32:33.995323856Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:27:53.875139Z"},{"id":"AZL-82425","title":"CVE-2026-4878 affecting package libcap for versions less than 2.69-14","description":"A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-09T16:16:31Z","modified":"2026-11-05T05:40:51Z","updated_at":"2026-11-05T16:41:24.988217Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1777941636","title":"Fix CVE(s): CVE-2026-4878","description":"   * SECURITY UPDATE: TOCTOU race in cap_set_file()\n     - debian/patches/CVE-2026-4878.patch: lock onto the target file via an\n       O_PATH descriptor and operate via /proc/self/fd/N in libcap/cap_file.c\n       so that file capability changes cannot be redirected to an attacker-\n       controlled file by a local user with write access to a parent directory.\n     - CVE-2026-4878","status":"published","published":"2026-05-05T00:40:45Z","modified":"2026-06-04T10:03:25.681916Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:44.737408Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1777941808","title":"libcap: Fix of 2 CVEs","description":"- CVE-2026-4878: fix TOCTOU race in cap_set_file() by performing xattr writes via an O_NOFOLLOW file descriptor instead of the user-supplied path","status":"published","published":"2026-06-25T09:21:12Z","modified":"2026-10-26T09:30:58.357823841Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:44.737408Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1777944214","title":"libcap: Fix of CVE-2026-4878","description":"- CVE-2026-4878: fix TOCTOU race in cap_set_file() by performing xattr writes via an O_NOFOLLOW file descriptor instead of the user-supplied path","status":"published","published":"2026-05-05T21:06:41Z","modified":"2026-06-01T00:33:18.723562265Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:44.737408Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1778081089","title":"libcap: Fix of CVE-2026-4878","description":"- CVE-2026-4878: cap_set_file() TOCTOU race via path-based xattr operations","status":"published","published":"2026-05-06T15:24:54Z","modified":"2026-06-01T00:30:10.855416658Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:44.737408Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1778599539","title":"Fix CVE(s): CVE-2026-4878","description":"    * SECURITY UPDATE: TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file()\n     - debian/patches/CVE-2026-4878.patch: open the target file and operate\n       on /proc/self/fd/N so the inode is locked between the regular-file\n       check and the xattr update\n     - CVE-2026-4878","status":"published","published":"2026-05-12T15:25:43Z","modified":"2026-06-04T10:04:11.368334Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:44.737408Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1778599722","title":"Fix CVE(s): CVE-2026-4878","description":"    * SECURITY UPDATE: TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file()\n     - debian/patches/CVE-2026-4878.patch: open the target file and operate\n       on /proc/self/fd/N so the inode is locked between the regular-file\n       check and the xattr update\n     - CVE-2026-4878","status":"published","published":"2026-05-12T15:28:46Z","modified":"2026-06-04T10:04:22.516314Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:44.737408Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1778662651","title":"libcap: Fix of CVE-2026-4878","description":"- CVE-2026-4878: cap_set_file() TOCTOU race via path-based xattr operations","status":"published","published":"2026-05-13T08:57:36Z","modified":"2026-06-01T00:32:30.170541406Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:44.737408Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1792443899","title":"libcap: Fix of 2 CVEs","description":"- CVE-2026-4878: fix TOCTOU race in cap_set_file() by performing xattr writes via an O_NOFOLLOW file descriptor instead of the user-supplied path","status":"published","published":"2026-10-19T21:05:15Z","modified":"2026-10-26T09:31:59.430723723Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:54.378946Z"},{"id":"MGASA-2026-0221","title":"Updated libcap packages fix security vulnerabilities","description":"CVE-2026-4878. A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can\nexploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the\n`cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to\na parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an\nattacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into\nor stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege\nescalation.\n","status":"published","published":"2026-06-18T07:22:53Z","modified":"2026-06-18T07:30:04.789218343Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:49:43.795591Z"},{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2026:10536-1","title":"libcap-devel-2.78-1.1 on GA media","description":"These are all security issues fixed in the libcap-devel-2.78-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-04-13T07:45:07.226659Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:38.415593Z"},{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2026:20613-1","title":"Security update for libcap","description":"This update for libcap fixes the following issues:\n\n- CVE-2026-4878: local privilege escalation through file capability injection due to TOCTOU race condition in\n  `cap_set_file()` (bsc#1261809).\n","status":"published","published":"2026-04-22T10:22:37Z","modified":"2026-04-24T08:16:25.964457Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:41.463445Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2026:1432-1","title":"Security update for libcap","description":"This update for libcap fixes the following issue:\n\n- CVE-2026-4878: Address a potential TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file() (bsc#1261809).\n","status":"published","published":"2026-04-17T10:12:55Z","modified":"2026-04-18T08:00:22.80038Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:01.262144Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2026:1433-1","title":"Security update for libcap","description":"This update for libcap fixes the following issue:\n\n- CVE-2026-4878: Address a potential TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file() (bsc#1261809).\n","status":"published","published":"2026-04-17T10:13:12Z","modified":"2026-04-18T08:01:30.175723Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:01.262144Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2026:21243-1","title":"Security update for libcap","description":"This update for libcap fixes the following issues:\n\n- CVE-2026-4878: local privilege escalation through file capability injection due to TOCTOU race condition in\n  `cap_set_file()` (bsc#1261809).\n","status":"published","published":"2026-04-20T12:43:53Z","modified":"2026-04-24T18:24:33.450293Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:02.312556Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2026:21257-1","title":"Security update for libcap","description":"This update for libcap fixes the following issue:\n\n- CVE-2026-4878: local privilege escalation through file capability injection due to TOCTOU race condition in\n  `cap_set_file()` (bsc#1261809).\n","status":"published","published":"2026-04-20T16:57:37Z","modified":"2026-04-24T18:25:14.343438Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:02.312556Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2026:21274-1","title":"Security update for libcap","description":"This update for libcap fixes the following issues:\n\n- CVE-2026-4878: local privilege escalation through file capability injection due to TOCTOU race condition in\n  `cap_set_file()` (bsc#1261809).\n","status":"published","published":"2026-04-22T10:53:25Z","modified":"2026-04-25T18:24:32.066824Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:02.312556Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2026:21373-1","title":"Security update for libcap","description":"This update for libcap fixes the following issues:\n\n- CVE-2026-4878: local privilege escalation through file capability injection due to TOCTOU race condition in\n  `cap_set_file()` (bsc#1261809).\n","status":"published","published":"2026-04-22T10:53:25Z","modified":"2026-04-29T18:24:00.516267Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:02.312556Z"},{"id":"USN-8193-1","title":"libcap2 vulnerability","description":"Ali Raza discovered that libcap incorrectly handled file capability\nupdates. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to inject or strip\ncapabilities into arbitrary executables and escalate privileges.","status":"published","published":"2026-04-21T15:45:29Z","modified":"2026-04-29T09:53:20.641115Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:22.951676Z"},{"id":"USN-8193-2","title":"libcap2 vulnerability","description":"USN-8193-1 fixed a vulnerability in libcap. This update provides the\ncorresponding update for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, Ubuntu 16.04 LTS,\nUbuntu 18.04 LTS, and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.\n\nOriginal advisory details:\n\n Ali Raza discovered that libcap incorrectly handled file capability\n updates. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to inject or strip\n capabilities into arbitrary executables and escalate privileges.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-23T19:09:47Z","modified":"2026-06-24T02:29:23.423232622Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:22.951676Z"}]}}
