{"id":"CVE-2026-48806","aliases":["CLSA-2026-1784682900","CLSA-2026-1784682913","CLSA-2026-1786534048","CLSA-2026-1794214791","DEBIAN-CVE-2026-48806","EUVD-2026-44513","GHSA-5v5v-ww74-355v","UBUNTU-CVE-2026-48806"],"status":"published","title":"Twig: Sandbox `__toString()` policy bypass via dynamic mapping keys","description":"Twig is a template language for PHP. Prior to 3.27.0, ArrayExpression does not guard dynamic mapping keys that are coerced to strings, allowing PHP to invoke __toString() on a Stringable object used as a mapping key without calling SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed(). This issue is fixed in version 3.27.0.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00418,"percentile":0.36573,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-693","CWE-863"],"published":"2026-06-30T18:42:49Z","modified":"2026-11-09T19:15:14Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"twig/twig","fixed_in":["3.27.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:Packagist","package":"twig/twig","fixed_in":["v2.16.1-p2+tuxcare"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"php-twig","fixed_in":["3.27.0-1"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"twig/twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"3.26.0"},{"fixed":"3.27.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Packagist","package":"twig/twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"v2.16.1"},{"fixed":"v2.16.1-p2+tuxcare"}]}],"versions":["v2.16.1","v2.16.1-p1+tuxcare"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Packagist","package":"twig/twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"v2.15.6"},{"fixed":"v2.15.6-p2+tuxcare"}]}],"versions":["v2.15.6","v2.15.6-p1+tuxcare"],"bundled":10},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Packagist","package":"twig/twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"v1.44.8"},{"fixed":"v1.44.8-p1+tuxcare"}]}],"versions":["v1.44.8"],"bundled":8},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Packagist","package":"twig/twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"v3.19.0"},{"fixed":"v3.19.0-p1+tuxcare"}]}],"versions":["v3.19.0"],"bundled":10},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"php-twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.27.0-1"}]}],"versions":["3.20.0-2","3.21.1-1","3.21.1-2","3.21.1-3","3.22.0-1","3.22.0-2","3.22.1-1","3.22.1-2","3.22.1-3","3.22.2-1","3.22.2-2","3.23.0-1","3.23.0-2","3.24.0-1","3.26.0-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Packagist","package":"twig/twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.27.0"}]}],"versions":["1.3.0","1.4.0","1.5.0","1.5.1","1.6.0","1.6.1","1.6.2","1.6.3","1.6.4","1.6.5","v1.10.0","v1.10.1","v1.10.2","v1.10.3","v1.11.0","v1.11.1","v1.12.0","v1.12.0-RC1","v1.12.1","v1.12.2","v1.12.3","v1.13.0","v1.13.1","v1.13.2","v1.14.0","v1.14.1","v1.14.2","v1.15.0","v1.15.1","v1.16.0","v1.16.1","v1.16.2","v1.16.3","v1.17.0","v1.18.0","v1.18.1","v1.18.2","v1.19.0","v1.20.0","v1.21.0","v1.21.1","v1.21.2","v1.22.0","v1.22.1","v1.22.2","v1.22.3","v1.23.0","v1.23.1","v1.23.2","v1.23.3","v1.24.0","v1.24.1","v1.24.2","v1.25.0","v1.26.0","v1.26.1","v1.27.0","v1.28.0","v1.28.1","v1.28.2","v1.29.0","v1.30.0","v1.31.0","v1.32.0","v1.33.0","v1.33.1","v1.33.2","v1.34.0","v1.34.1","v1.34.2","v1.34.3","v1.34.4","v1.35.0","v1.35.1","v1.35.2","v1.35.3","v1.35.4","v1.36.0","v1.37.0","v1.37.1","v1.38.0","v1.38.1","v1.38.2","v1.38.3","v1.38.4","v1.39.0","v1.39.1","v1.40.0","v1.40.1","v1.41.0","v1.42.0","v1.42.1","v1.42.2","v1.42.3","v1.42.4","v1.42.5","v1.43.0","v1.43.1","v1.44.0","v1.44.1","v1.44.2","v1.44.3","v1.44.4","v1.44.5","v1.44.6","v1.44.7","v1.44.8","v1.7.0","v1.8.0","v1.8.1","v1.8.2","v1.8.3","v1.9.0","v1.9.1","v1.9.2","v2.0.0","v2.1.0","v2.10.0","v2.11.0","v2.11.1","v2.11.2","v2.11.3","v2.12.0","v2.12.1","v2.12.2","v2.12.3","v2.12.4","v2.12.5","v2.13.0","v2.13.1","v2.14.0","v2.14.1","v2.14.10","v2.14.11","v2.14.12","v2.14.13","v2.14.2","v2.14.3","v2.14.4","v2.14.5","v2.14.6","v2.14.7","v2.14.8","v2.14.9","v2.15.0","v2.15.1","v2.15.2","v2.15.3","v2.15.4","v2.15.5","v2.15.6","v2.16.0","v2.16.1","v2.2.0","v2.3.0","v2.3.1","v2.3.2","v2.4.0","v2.4.1","v2.4.2","v2.4.3","v2.4.4","v2.4.5","v2.4.6","v2.4.7","v2.4.8","v2.5.0","v2.6.0","v2.6.1","v2.6.2","v2.7.0","v2.7.1","v2.7.2","v2.7.3","v2.7.4","v2.8.0","v2.8.1","v2.9.0","v3.0.0","v3.0.0-BETA1","v3.0.1","v3.0.2","v3.0.3","v3.0.4","v3.0.5","v3.1.0","v3.1.1","v3.10.0","v3.10.1","v3.10.2","v3.10.3","v3.11.0","v3.11.1","v3.11.2","v3.11.3","v3.12.0","v3.13.0","v3.14.0","v3.14.1","v3.14.2","v3.15.0","v3.16.0","v3.17.0","v3.17.1","v3.18.0","v3.19.0","v3.2.1","v3.20.0","v3.21.0","v3.21.1","v3.22.0","v3.22.1","v3.22.2","v3.23.0","v3.24.0","v3.25.0","v3.26.0","v3.3.0","v3.3.1","v3.3.10","v3.3.2","v3.3.3","v3.3.4","v3.3.5","v3.3.6","v3.3.7","v3.3.8","v3.3.9","v3.4.0","v3.4.1","v3.4.2","v3.4.3","v3.5.0","v3.5.1","v3.6.0","v3.6.1","v3.7.0","v3.7.1","v3.8.0","v3.9.0","v3.9.1","v3.9.2","v3.9.3"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS","package":"php-twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["2.11.3-2","2.12.1-1","2.12.2-1","2.12.3-1","2.12.5-1","2.12.5-1ubuntu0.1~esm1","2.12.5-1ubuntu0.1~esm2"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:22.04:LTS","package":"php-twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["3.3.2-1ubuntu3","3.3.4-1","3.3.6-1","3.3.7-1","3.3.8-2ubuntu4","3.3.8-2ubuntu4+esm1","3.3.8-2ubuntu4+esm2"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS","package":"php-twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["3.7.0-1","3.7.1-1","3.8.0-2","3.8.0-2ubuntu0.1~esm1","3.8.0-2ubuntu1","3.8.0-2ubuntu1+esm1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:25.10","package":"php-twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["3.20.0-2ubuntu1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:26.10","package":"php-twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["3.23.0-2build7","3.27.1-1","3.28.0-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:Pro:26.04:LTS","package":"php-twig","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["3.20.0-2ubuntu1","3.23.0-2build5","3.23.0-2build7","3.23.0-2ubuntu0.1~esm1"]}],"products":[{"vendor":"symfony","product":"twig"},{"vendor":"twigphp","product":"twig"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/security/advisories/GHSA-5v5v-ww74-355v","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/commit/9ff41014639ef0e8eb50ac7669191c309d863105","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Patch","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/releases/tag/v3.27.0","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","Release Notes","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/twig/twig/CVE-2026-48806.yaml","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://symfony.com/blog/cve-2026-48806-sandbox-tostring-policy-bypass-via-dynamic-mapping-keys","tags":["web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5v5v-ww74-355v"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/48xxx/CVE-2026-48806.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48806","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-48806","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/twigphp/Twig","tags":["package"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-48806","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-48806","tags":["report"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-48806","title":"Twig: Sandbox `__toString()` policy bypass via dynamic mapping keys","description":"Twig is a template language for PHP. Prior to 3.27.0, ArrayExpression does not guard dynamic mapping keys that are coerced to strings, allowing PHP to invoke __toString() on a Stringable object used as a mapping key without calling SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed(). This issue is fixed in version 3.27.0.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-14T21:28:08.781Z","modified":"2026-07-15T12:47:14.623Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-693","CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T13:50:49.872037Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-44513","description":"Twig is a template language for PHP. Prior to 3.27.0, ArrayExpression does not guard dynamic mapping keys that are coerced to strings, allowing PHP to invoke __toString() on a Stringable object used as a mapping key without calling SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed(). This issue is fixed in version 3.27.0.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-14T21:28:08Z","modified":"2026-07-15T12:47:14Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:19:53.226345Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-5v5v-ww74-355v","title":"Twig: Sandbox `__toString()` policy bypass via dynamic mapping keys","description":"### Description\n\nThis is a residual bypass of CVE-2026-47732 / GHSA-pr2w-4gpj-cpq4 left after the initial fix for unguarded `__toString()` calls.\n\nIn 3.26.0 the sandbox visitor was extended to wrap every child node that its parent will string-coerce at runtime with `CheckToStringNode`, gated by the new `CoercesChildrenToStringInterface`. `ArrayExpression` did not implement the interface for its mapping keys: when a dynamic key expression resolves to a `Stringable` object, `ArrayExpression::compile()` emits a raw `(string)` cast (via `StringCastUnary` for `ContextVariable` keys, and no cast at all for richer key expressions). PHP then invokes `__toString()` directly, without ever calling `SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed()`.\n\nA sandboxed template author can therefore trigger `__toString()` on any object reachable in the render context by using it as a dynamic mapping key, for example:\n\n```twig\n{% set arr = {(obj): \"value\"} %}\n```\n\nDirect output of the same object is correctly blocked, which makes this a clear policy enforcement gap. The reliable demonstrated impact is unauthorised disclosure of data returned by `__toString()`.\n\n### Resolution\n\n`ArrayExpression` now declares its dynamic mapping keys as string-coercion sites through `CoercesChildrenToStringInterface`, so the sandbox visitor wraps them with `CheckToStringNode` and the policy is consulted before PHP coerces the key to a string. The compiler also keeps an explicit `(string)` cast around the wrapped expression so PHP type errors on non-string keys are preserved.\n\nAs a side effect, any expression is now accepted as a dynamic mapping key (not only context variables); this is documented as a new feature on the 3.x branch.\n\n### Credits\n\nTwig would like to thank El Kharoubi Iosif for reporting the issue and Fabien Potencier for providing the fix.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-30T18:42:49Z","modified":"2026-06-30T18:42:50Z","cwes":["CWE-693","CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:35.701766Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-48806","description":"Twig is a template language for PHP. Prior to 3.27.0, ArrayExpression does not guard dynamic mapping keys that are coerced to strings, allowing PHP to invoke __toString() on a Stringable object used as a mapping key without calling SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed(). This issue is fixed in version 3.27.0.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-14T22:17:04.943Z","modified":"2026-10-24T22:10:00.21Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"critical","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-693","CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:29.879716Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-48806","title":"Twig: Sandbox `__toString()` policy bypass via dynamic mapping keys","description":"Twig is a template language for PHP. Prior to 3.27.0, ArrayExpression does not guard dynamic mapping keys that are coerced to strings, allowing PHP to invoke __toString() on a Stringable object used as a mapping key without calling SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed(). This issue is fixed in version 3.27.0.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-14T21:28:08.781Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:52.147321884Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-693","CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:06.701612Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2026-48806","description":"Twig is a template language for PHP. Prior to 3.27.0, ArrayExpression does not guard dynamic mapping keys that are coerced to strings, allowing PHP to invoke __toString() on a Stringable object used as a mapping key without calling SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed(). This issue is fixed in version 3.27.0.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-14T22:17:04.943Z","modified":"2026-10-25T09:47:34.328204503Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:56.444225Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2026-48806","description":"Twig is a template language for PHP. Prior to 3.27.0, ArrayExpression does not guard dynamic mapping keys that are coerced to strings, allowing PHP to invoke __toString() on a Stringable object used as a mapping key without calling SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed(). This issue is fixed in version 3.27.0.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-14T22:17:00Z","modified":"2026-10-17T13:00:24.213211872Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":7.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"},{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:56:33.391918Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1784682900","title":"TuxCare security update for twig/twig (1 CVE)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt twig/twig to address 1 CVE. Fixed in v2.16.1-p2+tuxcare.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T14:52:46Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:59.621689595Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:46.482572Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1784682913","title":"TuxCare security update for twig/twig (10 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt twig/twig to address 10 CVEs. Fixed in v2.15.6-p2+tuxcare.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T14:52:46Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:59.839636397Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:46.482572Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1786534048","title":"TuxCare security update for twig/twig (8 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt twig/twig to address 8 CVEs. Fixed in v1.44.8-p1+tuxcare.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-12T11:27:28Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:59.705236491Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:46.850893Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1794214791","title":"TuxCare security update for twig/twig (10 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt twig/twig to address 10 CVEs. Fixed in v3.19.0-p1+tuxcare.","status":"published","published":"2026-11-09T09:59:52Z","modified":"2026-11-09T19:15:14.540306307Z","updated_at":"2026-11-09T19:38:09.278998Z"},{"id":"GHSA-5v5v-ww74-355v","title":"Twig: Sandbox `__toString()` policy bypass via dynamic mapping keys","description":"### Description\n\nThis is a residual bypass of CVE-2026-47732 / GHSA-pr2w-4gpj-cpq4 left after the initial fix for unguarded `__toString()` calls.\n\nIn 3.26.0 the sandbox visitor was extended to wrap every child node that its parent will string-coerce at runtime with `CheckToStringNode`, gated by the new `CoercesChildrenToStringInterface`. `ArrayExpression` did not implement the interface for its mapping keys: when a dynamic key expression resolves to a `Stringable` object, `ArrayExpression::compile()` emits a raw `(string)` cast (via `StringCastUnary` for `ContextVariable` keys, and no cast at all for richer key expressions). PHP then invokes `__toString()` directly, without ever calling `SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed()`.\n\nA sandboxed template author can therefore trigger `__toString()` on any object reachable in the render context by using it as a dynamic mapping key, for example:\n\n```twig\n{% set arr = {(obj): \"value\"} %}\n```\n\nDirect output of the same object is correctly blocked, which makes this a clear policy enforcement gap. The reliable demonstrated impact is unauthorised disclosure of data returned by `__toString()`.\n\n### Resolution\n\n`ArrayExpression` now declares its dynamic mapping keys as string-coercion sites through `CoercesChildrenToStringInterface`, so the sandbox visitor wraps them with `CheckToStringNode` and the policy is consulted before PHP coerces the key to a string. The compiler also keeps an explicit `(string)` cast around the wrapped expression so PHP type errors on non-string keys are preserved.\n\nAs a side effect, any expression is now accepted as a dynamic mapping key (not only context variables); this is documented as a new feature on the 3.x branch.\n\n### Credits\n\nTwig would like to thank El Kharoubi Iosif for reporting the issue and Fabien Potencier for providing the fix.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-30T18:42:49Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:50:48.434648754Z","cwes":["CWE-693","CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:38.911014Z"}]}}