{"id":"CVE-2026-54080","aliases":["EUVD-2026-50371","GHSA-jrmc-qg6p-94fp"],"status":"published","title":"veraPDF Parser DoS via PostScript CMap Streams","description":"veraPDF PDF parser is a PDF parser for veraPDF. Prior to 1.30.2 and 1.31.23, veraPDF-parser contains a denial-of-service vulnerability in veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/pd/font/cmap/CMapParser.java and veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/parser/postscript/PSOperator.java, where a crafted Type 0 font /Encoding or /ToUnicode CMap stream can execute unbounded PostScript array allocation or a zero-increment for loop and exhaust validator memory or CPU. This issue is fixed in versions 1.30.2 and 1.31.23.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.00524,"percentile":0.44701,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-1325"],"published":"2026-07-29T15:17:12Z","modified":"2026-10-28T11:16:48Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.verapdf:parser","fixed_in":["1.30.2","1.31.23"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.verapdf:parser","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"1.30.1"},{"fixed":"1.30.2"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.verapdf:parser","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.31.1"},{"last_affected":"1.31.22"},{"fixed":"1.31.23"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.verapdf:parser","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"1.30.2"}]}],"versions":["1.10.1","1.10.2","1.10.3","1.10.4","1.12.1","1.14.1","1.14.1-RC","1.14.10-RC","1.14.100","1.14.101","1.14.102","1.14.103","1.14.104","1.14.11-RC","1.14.2-RC","1.14.3-RC","1.14.4-RC","1.14.5-RC","1.14.6-RC","1.14.7-RC","1.14.9-RC","1.16.1","1.18.1","1.18.2","1.20.1","1.22.1","1.24.1","1.26.1","1.28.1","1.28.2","1.30.1","1.4.1","1.4.2","1.4.3","1.6.1","1.8.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.verapdf:parser","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"1.31.1"},{"fixed":"1.31.23"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"verapdf","product":"verapdf-parser"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/veraPDF/veraPDF-parser/security/advisories/GHSA-jrmc-qg6p-94fp","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/veraPDF/veraPDF-parser/pull/703","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/veraPDF/veraPDF-parser/commit/73d6ec002b98ce1f3f68640442f8e5d5613c80ce","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/veraPDF/veraPDF-parser/commit/cb3538607a549d63504299be1088c85ae48605f4","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jrmc-qg6p-94fp"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/54xxx/CVE-2026-54080.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54080","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/veraPDF/veraPDF-parser","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-54080","title":"veraPDF Parser DoS via PostScript CMap Streams","description":"veraPDF PDF parser is a PDF parser for veraPDF. Prior to 1.30.2 and 1.31.23, veraPDF-parser contains a denial-of-service vulnerability in veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/pd/font/cmap/CMapParser.java and veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/parser/postscript/PSOperator.java, where a crafted Type 0 font /Encoding or /ToUnicode CMap stream can execute unbounded PostScript array allocation or a zero-increment for loop and exhaust validator memory or CPU. This issue is fixed in versions 1.30.2 and 1.31.23.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T15:17:12.153Z","modified":"2026-07-29T15:48:33.678Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-1325"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T13:38:09.774038Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-50371","description":"veraPDF PDF parser is a PDF parser for veraPDF. Prior to 1.30.2 and 1.31.23, veraPDF-parser contains a denial-of-service vulnerability in veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/pd/font/cmap/CMapParser.java and veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/parser/postscript/PSOperator.java, where a crafted Type 0 font /Encoding or /ToUnicode CMap stream can execute unbounded PostScript array allocation or a zero-increment for loop and exhaust validator memory or CPU. This issue is fixed in versions 1.30.2 and 1.31.23.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T15:17:12Z","modified":"2026-07-29T15:48:33Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:02:29.807737Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-jrmc-qg6p-94fp","title":"veraPDF Parser DoS via PostScript CMap Streams","description":"## Summary\n\n**Description**\n\nA PostScript-interpreter-driven Denial of Service (CWE-1325) vulnerability in veraPDF allows a remote attacker to exhaust validator memory or CPU by submitting a PDF whose Type 0 font `/Encoding` (or any `/ToUnicode`) is a CMap stream containing attacker-supplied PostScript. veraPDF reuses its CMap parser as a general PostScript interpreter and exposes the unguarded `array N` allocation operator and the `for` control operator with no zero-increment guard. This affects all current versions of veraPDF-parser.\n\n## Details\n\nThe vulnerability resides in veraPDF-parser. CMap streams referenced as a Type 0 font's `/Encoding` (or any font's `/ToUnicode`) are parsed by `CMapParser` (veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/pd/font/cmap/CMapParser.java), which extends `PSParser`. Tokens that are not the small CMap-specific keyword set (`begincodespacerange`, `bfchar`, `cidchar`, ...) fall through to `PSObject.execute` (veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/parser/postscript/PSObject.java), which dispatches generic PostScript operators implemented in `PSOperator` (veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/parser/postscript/PSOperator.java).\n\nTwo operators in that interpreter take their bound from the PDF and apply no validation:\n1. `array` at PSOperator.java:536-547 pops the top number from the operand stack and immediately calls `COSArray.construct(arraySize)`, then loops `arraySize` times appending `COSObject.getEmpty()`. `COSArray.construct(int)` calls `new ArrayList\u003c\u003e(arraySize)` (COSArray.java:102), so the underlying `Object[]` is allocated up-front. Passing `2147483647` (`Integer.MAX_VALUE`) requests a 16 GB backing array on a 64-bit JVM.\n2. `for` at PSOperator.java:571-592 reads `initial`, `increment`, and `limit` from the stack and loops `for (long i = initial; i \u003c= limit; i += increment)`. Because `increment` is unchecked, `0 0 1 { } for` produces an infinite-CPU spin (and progressively a heap exhaustion as each iteration pushes `i` onto the operand stack).\n\n`CMapFactory.getCMap` only catches `IOException` and `PostScriptException`; it does not catch `OutOfMemoryError` or wall-clock budget, so the failure propagates out of font model construction and aborts the validation worker.\n\nA single payload byte sequence, the unframed PostScript `2147483647 array`, is sufficient. No `begincmap`/`endcmap` framing is required because the operator runs before the parser ever reaches the CMap structure.\n\n## Impact\n\nThis impacts all current releases of the veraPDF-parser. Successful exploitation requires only that the target validate an attacker-supplied PDF; a single Type 0 font with a malicious `/Encoding` (or any `/ToUnicode`) stream is sufficient.\n\n## Proposed Patch\n\nCap `array` allocation and forbid zero increments in `for`.\n\nAs a defensive measure, also wrap `CMapFactory.getCMap` to enforce a wall-clock and operand-stack-size budget on CMap parsing, and audit the remaining unbounded operators (`copy`, `roll`, `dict`) for similar primitives.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T15:17:32Z","modified":"2026-07-29T15:17:33Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-1325"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:54.767849Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-54080","description":"veraPDF PDF parser is a PDF parser for veraPDF. Prior to 1.30.2 and 1.31.23, veraPDF-parser contains a denial-of-service vulnerability in veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/pd/font/cmap/CMapParser.java and veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/parser/postscript/PSOperator.java, where a crafted Type 0 font /Encoding or /ToUnicode CMap stream can execute unbounded PostScript array allocation or a zero-increment for loop and exhaust validator memory or CPU. This issue is fixed in versions 1.30.2 and 1.31.23.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T16:17:53.347Z","modified":"2026-10-23T23:10:00.157Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-1325"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:33.629616Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-54080","title":"veraPDF Parser DoS via PostScript CMap Streams","description":"veraPDF PDF parser is a PDF parser for veraPDF. Prior to 1.30.2 and 1.31.23, veraPDF-parser contains a denial-of-service vulnerability in veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/pd/font/cmap/CMapParser.java and veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/parser/postscript/PSOperator.java, where a crafted Type 0 font /Encoding or /ToUnicode CMap stream can execute unbounded PostScript array allocation or a zero-increment for loop and exhaust validator memory or CPU. This issue is fixed in versions 1.30.2 and 1.31.23.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T15:17:12.153Z","modified":"2026-10-28T11:16:48.417147726Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-1325"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:08.132336Z"},{"id":"GHSA-jrmc-qg6p-94fp","title":"veraPDF Parser DoS via PostScript CMap Streams","description":"## Summary\n\n**Description**\n\nA PostScript-interpreter-driven Denial of Service (CWE-1325) vulnerability in veraPDF allows a remote attacker to exhaust validator memory or CPU by submitting a PDF whose Type 0 font `/Encoding` (or any `/ToUnicode`) is a CMap stream containing attacker-supplied PostScript. veraPDF reuses its CMap parser as a general PostScript interpreter and exposes the unguarded `array N` allocation operator and the `for` control operator with no zero-increment guard. This affects all current versions of veraPDF-parser.\n\n## Details\n\nThe vulnerability resides in veraPDF-parser. CMap streams referenced as a Type 0 font's `/Encoding` (or any font's `/ToUnicode`) are parsed by `CMapParser` (veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/pd/font/cmap/CMapParser.java), which extends `PSParser`. Tokens that are not the small CMap-specific keyword set (`begincodespacerange`, `bfchar`, `cidchar`, ...) fall through to `PSObject.execute` (veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/parser/postscript/PSObject.java), which dispatches generic PostScript operators implemented in `PSOperator` (veraPDF-parser/src/main/java/org/verapdf/parser/postscript/PSOperator.java).\n\nTwo operators in that interpreter take their bound from the PDF and apply no validation:\n1. `array` at PSOperator.java:536-547 pops the top number from the operand stack and immediately calls `COSArray.construct(arraySize)`, then loops `arraySize` times appending `COSObject.getEmpty()`. `COSArray.construct(int)` calls `new ArrayList\u003c\u003e(arraySize)` (COSArray.java:102), so the underlying `Object[]` is allocated up-front. Passing `2147483647` (`Integer.MAX_VALUE`) requests a 16 GB backing array on a 64-bit JVM.\n2. `for` at PSOperator.java:571-592 reads `initial`, `increment`, and `limit` from the stack and loops `for (long i = initial; i \u003c= limit; i += increment)`. Because `increment` is unchecked, `0 0 1 { } for` produces an infinite-CPU spin (and progressively a heap exhaustion as each iteration pushes `i` onto the operand stack).\n\n`CMapFactory.getCMap` only catches `IOException` and `PostScriptException`; it does not catch `OutOfMemoryError` or wall-clock budget, so the failure propagates out of font model construction and aborts the validation worker.\n\nA single payload byte sequence, the unframed PostScript `2147483647 array`, is sufficient. No `begincmap`/`endcmap` framing is required because the operator runs before the parser ever reaches the CMap structure.\n\n## Impact\n\nThis impacts all current releases of the veraPDF-parser. Successful exploitation requires only that the target validate an attacker-supplied PDF; a single Type 0 font with a malicious `/Encoding` (or any `/ToUnicode`) stream is sufficient.\n\n## Proposed Patch\n\nCap `array` allocation and forbid zero increments in `for`.\n\nAs a defensive measure, also wrap `CMapFactory.getCMap` to enforce a wall-clock and operand-stack-size budget on CMap parsing, and audit the remaining unbounded operators (`copy`, `roll`, `dict`) for similar primitives.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T15:17:32Z","modified":"2026-07-29T15:41:43.100891Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-1325"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:51.10002Z"}]}}