{"id":"CVE-2026-56697","aliases":["EUVD-2026-38378","GHSA-g898-grjx-8jm3"],"status":"published","title":"Nuxt - Open Redirect via Protocol-Relative Paths in reloadNuxtApp","description":"Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 accept protocol-relative paths such as //evil.com in the reloadNuxtApp function; these pass the script-protocol check but resolve to a cross-origin URL against the current page protocol. Attackers can inject paths like //evil.com to redirect users to attacker-controlled hosts, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00337,"percentile":0.27399,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":false},"cwes":["CWE-601","CWE-79"],"published":"2026-06-16T13:47:52Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:12Z","affected":[{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"nuxt","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"4.0.0"},{"fixed":"4.4.7"}]}],"bundled":3},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"nuxt","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"3.5.0"},{"fixed":"3.21.7"}]}],"bundled":3}],"products":[{"vendor":"@clerk","product":"nuxt"},{"vendor":"nuxt","product":"nuxt"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/GHSA-c9cv-mq2m-ppp3","tags":["vendor-advisory","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/e447a793c47766834f7497f8412a76cd56fd8ee1","tags":["patch","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/6497d99dd106254abd089f6a263d7773869a343b","tags":["patch","Patch","fix","web"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nuxt-open-redirect-via-protocol-relative-paths-in-reloadnuxtapp","tags":["third-party-advisory","Third Party Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56697","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-g898-grjx-8jm3"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/56xxx/CVE-2026-56326.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56326","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nuxt-server-side-open-redirect-via-path-normalization-bypass-in-navigateto","tags":["advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/1f2dd5e78c77576437138e97671965573c232835","tags":["fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/2cce6fb02e621196d56df92e05594e07469b5a6d","tags":["fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/56xxx/CVE-2026-56697.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/56xxx/CVE-2026-56698.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56698","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nuxt-cross-site-scripting-via-navigateto-open-option","tags":["advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/3394716d4a913cba904b028df5338f2aead50032","tags":["fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/62fc32eddf648b00a3890141e0235d2a222b024d","tags":["fix","web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/pull/35115","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/pull/35206","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-56697","title":"Nuxt - Open Redirect via Protocol-Relative Paths in reloadNuxtApp","description":"Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 accept protocol-relative paths such as //evil.com in the reloadNuxtApp function; these pass the script-protocol check but resolve to a cross-origin URL against the current page protocol. Attackers can inject paths like //evil.com to redirect users to attacker-controlled hosts, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-22T21:04:53.038Z","modified":"2026-06-23T13:51:01.421Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-601"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T13:37:02.780526Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-38378","description":"Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 accept protocol-relative paths such as //evil.com in the reloadNuxtApp function; these pass the script-protocol check but resolve to a cross-origin URL against the current page protocol. Attackers can inject paths like //evil.com to redirect users to attacker-controlled hosts, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-22T21:04:53Z","modified":"2026-06-23T13:51:01Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:20:33.324654Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-g898-grjx-8jm3","title":"Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 accept protocol-relative paths such as /...","description":"Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 accept protocol-relative paths such as //evil.com in the reloadNuxtApp function; these pass the script-protocol check but resolve to a cross-origin URL against the current page protocol. Attackers can inject paths like //evil.com to redirect users to attacker-controlled hosts, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-23T00:30:29Z","modified":"2026-06-23T00:30:39Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-601"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:08:56.903887Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-56697","description":"Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 accept protocol-relative paths such as //evil.com in the reloadNuxtApp function; these pass the script-protocol check but resolve to a cross-origin URL against the current page protocol. Attackers can inject paths like //evil.com to redirect users to attacker-controlled hosts, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-22T22:16:52.65Z","modified":"2026-06-25T16:55:20.86Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-601"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:25.288279Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-56326","title":"Nuxt - Server-Side Open Redirect via Path-Normalization Bypass in navigateTo","description":"Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 contain a server-side open redirect vulnerability in navigateTo that fails to properly validate path-normalized payloads like /..//evil.com and /.//evil.com. Attackers can bypass external-host checks using path-normalization techniques to redirect users to attacker-controlled sites via the Location header or meta-refresh, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-22T21:04:50.975Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:12.289579032Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-601"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:11.609219Z"},{"id":"CVE-2026-56697","title":"Nuxt - Open Redirect via Protocol-Relative Paths in reloadNuxtApp","description":"Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 accept protocol-relative paths such as //evil.com in the reloadNuxtApp function; these pass the script-protocol check but resolve to a cross-origin URL against the current page protocol. Attackers can inject paths like //evil.com to redirect users to attacker-controlled hosts, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-22T21:04:53.038Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:33.604068963Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-601"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:11.609219Z"},{"id":"CVE-2026-56698","title":"Nuxt - Cross-Site Scripting via navigateTo open Option","description":"Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 fail to validate script-capable URLs in the navigateTo open option, allowing client-side script execution. Attackers can supply javascript: URLs through the open parameter to execute arbitrary scripts in the application's origin when user-controlled input is passed to navigateTo.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-22T21:04:53.739Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:57.933210661Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:11.609219Z"},{"id":"GHSA-c9cv-mq2m-ppp3","title":"Nuxt: URL-handling weaknesses in `navigateTo` and `reloadNuxtApp`: SSR open redirect, client-side script execution via the `open` option, and protocol-relative bypass in `reloadNuxtApp`","description":"### Summary\n\nThree weaknesses in Nuxt's client-navigation URL handling, all reachable\nfrom documented public APIs (`navigateTo` and `reloadNuxtApp`):\n\n1. **(CVE-2026-56326) SSR open redirect in `navigateTo` via path-normalisation bypass.** \n   `navigateTo` decided whether a target was external by inspecting the raw\n   input with `hasProtocol(..., { acceptRelative: true })`. Inputs such as\n   `/..//evil.com`, `/.//evil.com`, `/%2e%2e//evil.com`, or\n   `/app/..//evil.com` slipped past that check because they start with\n   `/`, but WHATWG URL parsing then normalised them to the\n   protocol-relative pathname `//evil.com`. The normalised value was\n   written to the `Location` response header and into the\n   `\u003cmeta http-equiv=\"refresh\"\u003e` body of the SSR redirect page, so a\n   victim's browser would resolve the redirect cross-origin to the\n   attacker's host.\n\n2. **(CVE-2026-56698) Client-side script execution via `navigateTo({ open: ... })`.** The\n   client-side early-open handler called `window.open(toPath, ...)` without\n   applying the `isScriptProtocol` check that gates the normal `navigateTo`\n   path. A target of `javascript:...` (or another script-capable scheme)\n   passed to `navigateTo(url, { open: { ... } })` therefore executed in the\n   application's origin instead of being rejected.\n\n3. **(CVE-2026-56697) Open redirect in `reloadNuxtApp` via protocol-relative bypass.**\n   `reloadNuxtApp({ path })` rejects script-capable protocols by parsing\n   the path with `new URL(path, window.location.href)` and checking the\n   resolved `protocol` against `isScriptProtocol`. Protocol-relative paths\n   such as `//evil.com` resolve to the current page's protocol (`https:`),\n   which passes that check; the value is then assigned to\n   `window.location.href`, which the browser treats as a cross-origin\n   redirect. This is the same protocol-relative bypass family as (1), in\n   a different sink.\n\n### Impact\n\nFor (1), the practical risk is phishing or OAuth-code theft against any\nNuxt app that forwards user-controlled input (for example a `?next=`\nquery parameter on a login route) into `navigateTo` on the server. The\nframework documents that `navigateTo` blocks external hosts unless\n`external: true` is passed, so maintainers commonly rely on it as the\nsafe path for post-login redirects.\n\nFor (2), any app that passes a user-controlled URL into\n`navigateTo(url, { open: { ... } })` was vulnerable to reflected XSS in\nthe application's first-party origin.\n\nFor (3), any app that forwards user-controlled input into\n`reloadNuxtApp({ path })` could be redirected cross-origin for phishing\nor OAuth-code theft, even on releases that already shipped the\n`isScriptProtocol` guard added by [#35115](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/pull/35115).\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in `nuxt@4.4.7` and backported to `nuxt@3.21.7`. The three sinks\nare addressed by:\n\n- Path-normalisation bypass in `navigateTo`:\n  - 4.x: commit [`2cce6fb0`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/2cce6fb02e621196d56df92e05594e07469b5a6d)\n  - 3.x: commit [`1f2dd5e7`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/1f2dd5e78c77576437138e97671965573c232835)\n- `navigateTo({ open })` script-protocol guard:\n  - 4.x: [#35206](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/pull/35206) (commit [`3394716d`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/3394716d4a913cba904b028df5338f2aead50032))\n  - 3.x: commit [`62fc32ed`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/62fc32eddf648b00a3890141e0235d2a222b024d)\n- Protocol-relative bypass in `reloadNuxtApp`:\n  - 4.x: commit [`e447a793`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/e447a793c47766834f7497f8412a76cd56fd8ee1)\n  - 3.x: commit [`6497d99d`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/6497d99dd106254abd089f6a263d7773869a343b)\n\n### Workarounds\n\n- For (1): validate redirect targets before passing them to `navigateTo`,\n  for example reject any input where\n  `new URL(target, 'http://localhost').pathname` starts with `//`, or\n  only accept a known allow-list of paths.\n- For (2): reject any user-controlled URL whose protocol is not in an\n  allow-list (typically just `http:` and `https:`) before passing it to\n  `navigateTo({ open: ... })`.\n- For (3): same shape as (1). Reject paths starting with `//` (or where\n  `new URL(path, window.location.href).host !== window.location.host`)\n  before passing to `reloadNuxtApp({ path })`.\n\n### References\n\n- CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')\n- CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')\n\n### Credits\n\nReported by Anthropic / Claude as `ANT-2026-S08HN6DH` through Anthropic's\ncoordinated vulnerability disclosure programme.\n\nThe `reloadNuxtApp` protocol-relative bypass (sink 3) was independently\nreported by [@alcls01111](https://github.com/alcls01111) via GitHub's\ncoordinated disclosure flow (`GHSA-w7fp-2cfv-4837`), closed as a\nduplicate of this advisory.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-16T13:47:52Z","modified":"2026-10-03T05:30:03.679714841Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","level":"medium"},{"version":"4.0","score":5.1,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-601","CWE-79"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:44.927642Z"}]}}