{"id":"CVE-2026-59879","aliases":["CLSA-2026-1784682983","CLSA-2026-1784683091","CLSA-2026-1784769532","CLSA-2026-1784769615","CLSA-2026-1788775607","CLSA-2026-1790084679","CLSA-2026-1790866103","CLSA-2026-1792163804","DEBIAN-CVE-2026-59879","EUVD-2026-42318","GHSA-v56q-mh7h-f735","RHSA-2026:74503","ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-59879","UBUNTU-CVE-2026-59879"],"status":"published","title":"Immutable.js `List` 32-bit trie overflow → unrecoverable DoS","description":"Immutable.js provides many Persistent Immutable data structures. Prior to 4.3.9 and 5.1.8, List#set, List#setSize, List#setIn, List#updateIn, and the functional set, setIn, and updateIn mishandle an index or size in the range 2 ** 30 to 2 ** 31 in setListBounds in src/List.js, causing an empty List to enter an uncatchable infinite loop, a populated List to allocate without bound until process abort, or setSize to silently wrap large values. This issue is fixed in versions 4.3.9 and 5.1.8.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-10","score":0.00575,"percentile":0.47803,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-1284","CWE-190","CWE-400","CWE-835"],"published":"2026-07-08T15:47:24Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:27Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"npm","package":"immutable","fixed_in":["5.1.8","4.3.9","3.8.4"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"immutable","fixed_in":["5.0.3-tuxcare.2","4.3.7-tuxcare.2","4.3.5-tuxcare.2","3.8.3-tuxcare.2","3.7.6-tuxcare.2"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"node-immutable","fixed_in":["4.3.9-1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"immutable","fixed_in":["3.8.4-aikido.2","5.0.3-aikido.1","5.1.5-aikido.1","5.1.6-aikido.1","5.1.1-aikido.4","5.1.7-aikido.1","5.1.1-aikido.5","4.3.8-aikido.2","3.7.6-aikido.3","4.3.7-aikido.4","5.1.6-aikido.2","3.8.3-aikido.1","3.8.3-aikido.2","5.0.3-aikido.2","4.0.0-aikido.1","4.0.0-aikido.2","4.3.6-aikido.1","4.0.0-rc.12-aikido.1","3.7.6-aikido.4","3.8.4-aikido.1"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:npm","package":"@rootio/immutable","fixed_in":["3.8.4-root.io.2","5.0.3-root.io.1","5.1.5-root.io.1","5.1.6-root.io.1","5.1.1-root.io.4","5.1.7-root.io.1","5.1.1-root.io.5","4.3.8-root.io.2","3.7.6-root.io.3","4.3.7-root.io.4","5.1.6-root.io.2","3.8.3-root.io.1","3.8.3-root.io.2","5.0.3-root.io.2","4.0.0-root.io.1","4.0.0-root.io.2","4.3.6-root.io.1","4.0.0-rc.12-root.io.1","3.7.6-root.io.4","3.8.4-root.io.1"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"5.0.0-beta.1"},{"fixed":"5.1.8"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.0.0-rc.1"},{"fixed":"4.3.9"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.8.4"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"5.0.3-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"5.0.3-tuxcare.2"}]}],"versions":["5.0.3","5.0.3-tuxcare.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.3.7-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"4.3.7-tuxcare.2"}]}],"versions":["4.3.7","4.3.7-tuxcare.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.3.5-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"4.3.5-tuxcare.2"}]}],"versions":["4.3.5","4.3.5-tuxcare.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.0-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"4.1.0-tuxcare.2"}]}],"versions":["4.1.0","4.1.0-tuxcare.1"],"bundled":2},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.8.3-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.8.3-tuxcare.2"}]}],"versions":["3.8.3","3.8.3-tuxcare.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"5.1.5-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"5.1.5-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["5.1.5"],"bundled":2},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"3.7.6-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"3.7.6-tuxcare.2"}]}],"versions":["3.7.6","3.7.6-tuxcare.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.3.8-tuxcare.0"},{"fixed":"4.3.8-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.3.8"],"bundled":2},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"node-immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["4.1.0-3","4.3.4-1","4.3.8-1","4.3.8-2","4.3.9-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"node-immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"}]}],"versions":["4.3.4-1","4.3.8-1","4.3.8-2","4.3.9-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"node-immutable","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.3.9-1"}]}],"versions":["4.3.4-1","4.3.8-1","4.3.8-2"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"4.0.0-rc.1"},{"fixed":"4.3.9"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"5.0.0-beta.1"},{"fixed":"5.1.8"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"npm","package":"immutable","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.8.4"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Red 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`List` 32-bit trie overflow → unrecoverable DoS","description":"Immutable.js provides many Persistent Immutable data structures. Prior to 4.3.9 and 5.1.8, List#set, List#setSize, List#setIn, List#updateIn, and the functional set, setIn, and updateIn mishandle an index or size in the range 2 ** 30 to 2 ** 31 in setListBounds in src/List.js, causing an empty List to enter an uncatchable infinite loop, a populated List to allocate without bound until process abort, or setSize to silently wrap large values. This issue is fixed in versions 4.3.9 and 5.1.8.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-08T15:47:24.885Z","modified":"2026-07-08T19:41:12.33Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-190","CWE-400","CWE-835","CWE-1284"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:19:58.560602Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-42318","description":"Immutable.js provides many Persistent Immutable data structures. Prior to 4.3.9 and 5.1.8, List#set, List#setSize, List#setIn, List#updateIn, and the functional set, setIn, and updateIn mishandle an index or size in the range 2 ** 30 to 2 ** 31 in setListBounds in src/List.js, causing an empty List to enter an uncatchable infinite loop, a populated List to allocate without bound until process abort, or setSize to silently wrap large values. This issue is fixed in versions 4.3.9 and 5.1.8.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-08T15:47:24Z","modified":"2026-07-08T19:41:12Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:20:10.095263Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-v56q-mh7h-f735","title":"Immutable.js `List` 32-bit trie overflow → unrecoverable DoS","description":"## Summary\n\n`List#set`, `List#setSize`, `List#setIn`, `List#updateIn` (and the functional `set` / `setIn` / `updateIn`) mishandle an index or size in the range `[2 ** 30, 2 ** 31)`:\n\n- On an **empty** `List` the operation enters an **uncatchable infinite loop** (a tight CPU spin; a surrounding `try/catch` never regains control). Only killing the worker recovers it.\n- On a **populated** `List` (≥ 32 elements — i.e. any array of ≥ 32 items turned into a `List` by `fromJS`) the loop allocates without bound → heap exhaustion → the **process aborts** (`SIGABRT`, exit `134`, or kernel OOM-kill `137`). A real crash, not a recoverable error.\n\nThe index may be a **numeric string**, so it can come straight from a request body, URL, or key-path. A single small unauthenticated request is enough.\n\nThere is also a companion **silent data-corruption** issue in `setSize`:\n\n```js\nList([1, 2, 3]).setSize(2 ** 31); // before fix =\u003e size 0  (silently cleared)\nList([1, 2, 3]).setSize(2 ** 32 + 5); // before fix =\u003e size 5  (huge value wraps to 5)\n```\n\n## Impact\n\nAvailability only. A reachable configuration is any endpoint that routes untrusted input into a `List` index or a `setIn`/`updateIn` key-path — which the extremely common `state = fromJS(body); state.setIn(userPath, value)` pattern does (config stores, document/collection editors, redux-immutable reducers, JSON-Patch endpoints, etc.).\n\nNo confidentiality or integrity impact, no RCE. The companion `setSize` bug can silently corrupt application state (wrong size) without crashing.\n\n## Reproduction (immutable 5.1.7)\n\n```ts\nimport { fromJS, List } from 'immutable';\n\n// 1) Populated List: OOM -\u003e process abort (SIGABRT, exit 134) within ~2s\nfromJS({ items: new Array(64).fill(0) }).setIn(['items', '1073741824'], 'x');\n\n// 2) Empty List: hangs forever, uncatchable\nList().set(2 ** 30, 'x');\n\n// 3) Silent truncation\nList([1, 2, 3]).setSize(2 ** 31); // =\u003e size 0\nList([1, 2, 3]).setSize(2 ** 32 + 5); // =\u003e size 5\n```\n\nA remote 43-byte HTTP request (`{\"path\":[\"items\",\"1073741824\"],\"value\":\"x\"}`) is sufficient to abort a worker that applies it via `state = state.setIn(path, value)`.\n\nAny index in `[2 ** 30, 2 ** 31)` works (`1073741824`, `2000000000`, …). An index in `[2 ** 31, 2 ** 32)` does not crash — it silently wraps (clearing the List) via the same root cause.\n\n## Root cause\n\n`List` stores its values in a 32-wide trie (`SHIFT = 5`, so each level addresses 5 more bits) and uses **signed 32-bit bitwise arithmetic** throughout `setListBounds()` (`src/List.js`):\n\n1. **Infinite loop (the hang / OOM).** The level-raising loop\n\n```js\nwhile (newTailOffset \u003e= 1 \u003c\u003c (newLevel + SHIFT)) {\n  newRoot = new VNode(\n    newRoot \u0026\u0026 newRoot.array.length ? [newRoot] : [],\n    owner\n  );\n  newLevel += SHIFT;\n}\n```\n\nrelies on `1 \u003c\u003c (newLevel + SHIFT)`. A JavaScript shift count is taken **mod 32**, so once `newLevel + SHIFT` reaches `31` the term goes **negative** (`1 \u003c\u003c 31 === -2147483648`) and at `32` wraps to `1` (`1 \u003c\u003c 35 === 8`). The comparison then stays `true` forever and the loop never terminates. On a populated `List`, each iteration retains a new `VNode` (`[newRoot]`), so the heap fills and V8 aborts; on an empty `List` it spins on CPU without allocating.\n\n2. **Silent wraparound (the `setSize` corruption).** The `begin |= 0` / `end |= 0` coercion (`ToInt32`) silently wraps large finite values (`(2 ** 31) | 0 === -2147483648`, `(2 ** 32 + 5) | 0 === 5`), producing a wrong resulting size instead of an error.\n\nThe threshold is `2 ** 30`: that is the largest size for which `1 \u003c\u003c (newLevel + SHIFT)` stays a valid positive 32-bit integer throughout the loops (`newLevel + SHIFT` stays ≤ 30).\n\n## Remediation\n\nThe fix is contained to `setListBounds()` in `src/List.js`:\n\n1. **Validate up front, before the lossy `| 0` coercion.** Compute the intended origin and capacity in full precision and throw a clear, catchable `RangeError` when they exceed the addressable range (`MAX_LIST_SIZE = 2 ** 30`). `Infinity`/`NaN` are left to the existing `| 0 → 0` behaviour (so `setSize(Infinity)` stays `0` and `slice(0, Infinity)` still means \"to the end\").\n\n2. **Stop the shift from wrapping.** Replace `1 \u003c\u003c exp` in the level-raising loops with a helper that uses the cheap bitwise shift while it is exact (`exp ≤ 30`, the common path including every `push`/`setSize`/`slice`) and falls back to the non-wrapping `2 ** exp` only for the rare deep trees reached when a negative origin (`unshift` / negative index) is normalized to a large positive capacity (`exp` can reach 35 there, where `1 \u003c\u003c 35` would wrap to 8).\n\nThis turns every hang, the misleading `\"Maximum call stack size exceeded\"`, the OOM/`SIGABRT`, and the silent `setSize` truncation into one descriptive `RangeError`, preserves all behaviour for sizes `\u003c 2 ** 30`, and keeps the hot `push` path on the fast bitwise shift (the `2 ** exp` branch is never reached by non-negative operations).\n\n### Is the new limit a breaking change?\n\nNo working code is affected. A `List` could never actually hold `≥ 2 ** 30` values before — the attempt hung, crashed, or silently corrupted the size. The limit was already implicit in the 32-bit trie; the fix only makes it explicit and catchable, mirroring native JS arrays (`new Array(2 ** 32)` → `RangeError: Invalid array length`). The single observable behaviour change is that `setSize(hugeValue)`, which used to return a silently wrong size, now throws. `2 ** 30` ≈ 1.07 billion entries (~8 GB of pointers alone), far beyond any practical use.\n\n## Mitigations (for users who cannot upgrade immediately)\n\n- Validate/clamp any externally supplied `List` index or `setIn`/`updateIn` key-path segment against a sane maximum before passing it to immutable.\n- Reject numeric path segments `≥ 2 ** 30`.\n- Run request handling in a worker that can be restarted, and cap the heap (`--max-old-space-size`) so an abort is contained.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-21T18:36:27Z","modified":"2026-09-16T18:47:11Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-190","CWE-400","CWE-835","CWE-1284"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:41:17.136201Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-59879","description":"Immutable.js provides many Persistent Immutable data structures. Prior to 4.3.9 and 5.1.8, List#set, List#setSize, List#setIn, List#updateIn, and the functional set, setIn, and updateIn mishandle an index or size in the range 2 ** 30 to 2 ** 31 in setListBounds in src/List.js, causing an empty List to enter an uncatchable infinite loop, a populated List to allocate without bound until process abort, or setSize to silently wrap large values. This issue is fixed in versions 4.3.9 and 5.1.8.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-08T17:17:26.37Z","modified":"2026-07-10T18:48:54.28Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high","assessor":"primary"}],"cwes":["CWE-190","CWE-400","CWE-835","CWE-1284"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:28.040501Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-59879","title":"Immutable.js `List` 32-bit trie overflow → unrecoverable DoS","description":"Immutable.js provides many Persistent Immutable data structures. Prior to 4.3.9 and 5.1.8, List#set, List#setSize, List#setIn, List#updateIn, and the functional set, setIn, and updateIn mishandle an index or size in the range 2 ** 30 to 2 ** 31 in setListBounds in src/List.js, causing an empty List to enter an uncatchable infinite loop, a populated List to allocate without bound until process abort, or setSize to silently wrap large values. This issue is fixed in versions 4.3.9 and 5.1.8.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-08T15:47:24.885Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:27.788378858Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-1284","CWE-190","CWE-400","CWE-835"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:12.496548Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2026-59879","description":"Immutable.js provides many Persistent Immutable data structures. Prior to 4.3.9 and 5.1.8, List#set, List#setSize, List#setIn, List#updateIn, and the functional set, setIn, and updateIn mishandle an index or size in the range 2 ** 30 to 2 ** 31 in setListBounds in src/List.js, causing an empty List to enter an uncatchable infinite loop, a populated List to allocate without bound until process abort, or setSize to silently wrap large values. This issue is fixed in versions 4.3.9 and 5.1.8.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-08T17:17:26.37Z","modified":"2026-10-01T03:03:28.582361306Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:57.932517Z"},{"id":"GHSA-v56q-mh7h-f735","title":"Immutable.js `List` 32-bit trie overflow → unrecoverable DoS","description":"## Summary\n\n`List#set`, `List#setSize`, `List#setIn`, `List#updateIn` (and the functional `set` / `setIn` / `updateIn`) mishandle an index or size in the range `[2 ** 30, 2 ** 31)`:\n\n- On an **empty** `List` the operation enters an **uncatchable infinite loop** (a tight CPU spin; a surrounding `try/catch` never regains control). Only killing the worker recovers it.\n- On a **populated** `List` (≥ 32 elements — i.e. any array of ≥ 32 items turned into a `List` by `fromJS`) the loop allocates without bound → heap exhaustion → the **process aborts** (`SIGABRT`, exit `134`, or kernel OOM-kill `137`). A real crash, not a recoverable error.\n\nThe index may be a **numeric string**, so it can come straight from a request body, URL, or key-path. A single small unauthenticated request is enough.\n\nThere is also a companion **silent data-corruption** issue in `setSize`:\n\n```js\nList([1, 2, 3]).setSize(2 ** 31); // before fix =\u003e size 0  (silently cleared)\nList([1, 2, 3]).setSize(2 ** 32 + 5); // before fix =\u003e size 5  (huge value wraps to 5)\n```\n\n## Impact\n\nAvailability only. A reachable configuration is any endpoint that routes untrusted input into a `List` index or a `setIn`/`updateIn` key-path — which the extremely common `state = fromJS(body); state.setIn(userPath, value)` pattern does (config stores, document/collection editors, redux-immutable reducers, JSON-Patch endpoints, etc.).\n\nNo confidentiality or integrity impact, no RCE. The companion `setSize` bug can silently corrupt application state (wrong size) without crashing.\n\n## Reproduction (immutable 5.1.7)\n\n```ts\nimport { fromJS, List } from 'immutable';\n\n// 1) Populated List: OOM -\u003e process abort (SIGABRT, exit 134) within ~2s\nfromJS({ items: new Array(64).fill(0) }).setIn(['items', '1073741824'], 'x');\n\n// 2) Empty List: hangs forever, uncatchable\nList().set(2 ** 30, 'x');\n\n// 3) Silent truncation\nList([1, 2, 3]).setSize(2 ** 31); // =\u003e size 0\nList([1, 2, 3]).setSize(2 ** 32 + 5); // =\u003e size 5\n```\n\nA remote 43-byte HTTP request (`{\"path\":[\"items\",\"1073741824\"],\"value\":\"x\"}`) is sufficient to abort a worker that applies it via `state = state.setIn(path, value)`.\n\nAny index in `[2 ** 30, 2 ** 31)` works (`1073741824`, `2000000000`, …). An index in `[2 ** 31, 2 ** 32)` does not crash — it silently wraps (clearing the List) via the same root cause.\n\n## Root cause\n\n`List` stores its values in a 32-wide trie (`SHIFT = 5`, so each level addresses 5 more bits) and uses **signed 32-bit bitwise arithmetic** throughout `setListBounds()` (`src/List.js`):\n\n1. **Infinite loop (the hang / OOM).** The level-raising loop\n\n```js\nwhile (newTailOffset \u003e= 1 \u003c\u003c (newLevel + SHIFT)) {\n  newRoot = new VNode(\n    newRoot \u0026\u0026 newRoot.array.length ? [newRoot] : [],\n    owner\n  );\n  newLevel += SHIFT;\n}\n```\n\nrelies on `1 \u003c\u003c (newLevel + SHIFT)`. A JavaScript shift count is taken **mod 32**, so once `newLevel + SHIFT` reaches `31` the term goes **negative** (`1 \u003c\u003c 31 === -2147483648`) and at `32` wraps to `1` (`1 \u003c\u003c 35 === 8`). The comparison then stays `true` forever and the loop never terminates. On a populated `List`, each iteration retains a new `VNode` (`[newRoot]`), so the heap fills and V8 aborts; on an empty `List` it spins on CPU without allocating.\n\n2. **Silent wraparound (the `setSize` corruption).** The `begin |= 0` / `end |= 0` coercion (`ToInt32`) silently wraps large finite values (`(2 ** 31) | 0 === -2147483648`, `(2 ** 32 + 5) | 0 === 5`), producing a wrong resulting size instead of an error.\n\nThe threshold is `2 ** 30`: that is the largest size for which `1 \u003c\u003c (newLevel + SHIFT)` stays a valid positive 32-bit integer throughout the loops (`newLevel + SHIFT` stays ≤ 30).\n\n## Remediation\n\nThe fix is contained to `setListBounds()` in `src/List.js`:\n\n1. **Validate up front, before the lossy `| 0` coercion.** Compute the intended origin and capacity in full precision and throw a clear, catchable `RangeError` when they exceed the addressable range (`MAX_LIST_SIZE = 2 ** 30`). `Infinity`/`NaN` are left to the existing `| 0 → 0` behaviour (so `setSize(Infinity)` stays `0` and `slice(0, Infinity)` still means \"to the end\").\n\n2. **Stop the shift from wrapping.** Replace `1 \u003c\u003c exp` in the level-raising loops with a helper that uses the cheap bitwise shift while it is exact (`exp ≤ 30`, the common path including every `push`/`setSize`/`slice`) and falls back to the non-wrapping `2 ** exp` only for the rare deep trees reached when a negative origin (`unshift` / negative index) is normalized to a large positive capacity (`exp` can reach 35 there, where `1 \u003c\u003c 35` would wrap to 8).\n\nThis turns every hang, the misleading `\"Maximum call stack size exceeded\"`, the OOM/`SIGABRT`, and the silent `setSize` truncation into one descriptive `RangeError`, preserves all behaviour for sizes `\u003c 2 ** 30`, and keeps the hot `push` path on the fast bitwise shift (the `2 ** exp` branch is never reached by non-negative operations).\n\n### Is the new limit a breaking change?\n\nNo working code is affected. A `List` could never actually hold `≥ 2 ** 30` values before — the attempt hung, crashed, or silently corrupted the size. The limit was already implicit in the 32-bit trie; the fix only makes it explicit and catchable, mirroring native JS arrays (`new Array(2 ** 32)` → `RangeError: Invalid array length`). The single observable behaviour change is that `setSize(hugeValue)`, which used to return a silently wrong size, now throws. `2 ** 30` ≈ 1.07 billion entries (~8 GB of pointers alone), far beyond any practical use.\n\n## Mitigations (for users who cannot upgrade immediately)\n\n- Validate/clamp any externally supplied `List` index or `setIn`/`updateIn` key-path segment against a sane maximum before passing it to immutable.\n- Reject numeric path segments `≥ 2 ** 30`.\n- Run request handling in a worker that can be restarted, and cap the heap (`--max-old-space-size`) so an abort is contained.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-21T18:36:27Z","modified":"2026-09-16T19:00:05.205190333Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"},{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-1284","CWE-190","CWE-400","CWE-835"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:56.639206Z"},{"id":"RHSA-2026:74503","title":"Red Hat Security Advisory: Satellite 6.19.5 Async Update","status":"published","published":"2026-10-02T10:25:57Z","modified":"2026-10-20T10:15:35Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":9.1,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:22.928316Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2026-59879","description":"Immutable.js provides many Persistent Immutable data structures. Prior to 4.3.9 and 5.1.8, List#set, List#setSize, List#setIn, List#updateIn, and the functional set, setIn, and updateIn mishandle an index or size in the range 2 ** 30 to 2 ** 31 in setListBounds in src/List.js, causing an empty List to enter an uncatchable infinite loop, a populated List to allocate without bound until process abort, or setSize to silently wrap large values. This issue is fixed in versions 4.3.9 and 5.1.8.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-08T17:17:00Z","modified":"2026-10-17T12:59:14.37436868Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":8.7,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"high"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:56:41.911783Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1784682983","title":"TuxCare security update for immutable (1 CVE)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt immutable to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 5.0.3-tuxcare.2.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T14:52:46Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:54.117349505Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:46.482572Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1784683091","title":"TuxCare security update for immutable (1 CVE)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt immutable to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 4.3.7-tuxcare.2.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T14:52:47Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:54.289115304Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:46.482572Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1784769532","title":"TuxCare security update for immutable (1 CVE)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt immutable to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 4.3.5-tuxcare.2.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T14:52:47Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:36.505104344Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:46.482572Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1784769615","title":"TuxCare security update for immutable (2 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt immutable to address 2 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.0-tuxcare.2.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T14:52:48Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:36.655376575Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:46.482572Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1788775607","title":"TuxCare security update for immutable (1 CVE)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt immutable to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 3.8.3-tuxcare.2.","status":"published","published":"2026-09-07T10:06:47Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:48:03.176846026Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.938828Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1790084679","title":"TuxCare security update for immutable (2 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt immutable to address 2 CVEs. Fixed in 5.1.5-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-09-22T13:44:39Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:46:03.058398951Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:48.28229Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1790866103","title":"TuxCare security update for immutable (1 CVE)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt immutable to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 3.7.6-tuxcare.2.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-01T14:48:23Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:48:04.297552449Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:48.65893Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1792163804","title":"TuxCare security update for immutable (2 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt immutable to address 2 CVEs. Fixed in 4.3.8-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-16T15:16:44Z","modified":"2026-10-16T16:31:59.763030212Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:51.747192Z"},{"id":"ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2026-59879","title":"CVE-2026-59879 in immutable - Patched by Root","description":"Root has patched CVE-2026-59879 in the immutable package for Root:npm. Multiple fixed versions available.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-07T14:44:56Z","modified":"2026-10-07T15:15:23.491883581Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:27.649662Z"}]}}