{"id":"CVE-2026-61428","aliases":["EUVD-2026-43177","GHSA-4mp6-8448-9vgv","GHSA-qj9c-59p6-8cgx","PYSEC-2026-4259"],"status":"published","title":"PraisonAI AgentMail before 4.6.78 Message Injection via Webhook","description":"PraisonAI AgentMail versions before 4.6.78 lack signature verification in webhook mode, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject messages with spoofed sender addresses. Attackers can POST crafted message.received events to the webhook endpoint to inject arbitrary content into the agent and trigger replies to attacker-controlled addresses, bypassing sender allow/block 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6-61428","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4mp6-8448-9vgv"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-qj9c-59p6-8cgx","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/61xxx/CVE-2026-61428.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI","tags":["package"]},{"url":"https://pypi.org/project/praisonai","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-61428","title":"PraisonAI AgentMail before 4.6.78 Message Injection via Webhook","description":"PraisonAI AgentMail versions before 4.6.78 lack signature verification in webhook mode, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject messages with spoofed sender addresses. Attackers can POST crafted message.received events to the webhook endpoint to inject arbitrary content into the agent and trigger replies to attacker-controlled addresses, bypassing sender allow/block lists.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-11T13:01:01.759Z","modified":"2026-07-13T16:10:29.816Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:19:53.4444Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-43177","description":"PraisonAI AgentMail versions before 4.6.78 lack signature verification in webhook mode, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject messages with spoofed sender addresses. Attackers can POST crafted message.received events to the webhook endpoint to inject arbitrary content into the agent and trigger replies to attacker-controlled addresses, bypassing sender allow/block lists.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-11T13:01:01Z","modified":"2026-07-13T16:10:29Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:20:01.134466Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-4mp6-8448-9vgv","title":"Duplicate Advisory: PraisonAI: AgentMail webhook lacks signature verification, allowing unauthenticated message injection and sender spoofing","description":"### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-qj9c-59p6-8cgx. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nPraisonAI AgentMail versions before 4.6.78 lack signature verification in webhook mode, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject messages with spoofed sender addresses. Attackers can POST crafted message.received events to the webhook endpoint to inject arbitrary content into the agent and trigger replies to attacker-controlled addresses, bypassing sender allow/block lists.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2026-07-11T15:30:23Z","modified":"2026-10-07T14:06:51Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:41:28.013673Z"},{"id":"GHSA-qj9c-59p6-8cgx","title":"PraisonAI: AgentMail webhook lacks signature verification, allowing unauthenticated message injection and sender spoofing","description":"## Summary\n\nPraisonAI's AgentMail bot, when run in webhook (or hybrid) mode, starts an aiohttp webhook server bound to `0.0.0.0` and processes inbound `message.received` events **without verifying any signature/HMAC and without authentication**. The sender address and message body are taken directly from the attacker-controlled request body, so any network peer can inject messages into the agent with a spoofed sender (bypassing sender allow/block lists) and have the agent process the content and reply to an attacker-chosen address. Sibling bots (`linear.py`, `whatsapp.py`) fail closed when no secret is configured; AgentMail omits the check entirely. Runtime-confirmed; severity Medium.\n\n## Details\n\n### Affected component\n- Package: `praisonai` 4.6.63. File: `src/praisonai/praisonai/bots/agentmail.py` (`AgentMailBot`, webhook/hybrid mode).\n\n### Vulnerable code / root cause\n\nPath:\n`src/praisonai/praisonai/bots/agentmail.py`\n\nFunction:\n`_start_webhook_mode` / `_handle_email_webhook` / `_handle_message`\n\nSnippet:\n```python\n# _start_webhook_mode: binds all interfaces\nself._webhook_site = web.TCPSite(self._webhook_runner, \"0.0.0.0\", self._webhook_port)\n\n# _handle_email_webhook: no signature/HMAC check, no auth\nbody = await request.json()\nif body.get(\"type\") != \"message.received\":\n    return web.Response(status=200, text=\"OK\")\nasyncio.create_task(self._process_webhook_payload(body))   # dispatch attacker body\nreturn web.Response(status=200, text=\"OK\")\n\n# _handle_message: agent processes content, replies to attacker-controlled sender\nresponse = await self._session.chat(self._agent, sender_id, body, ...)\nawait self.send_message(channel_id=sender_id, ...)\n```\nIssue: attacker-controlled input is the raw webhook JSON (`from`, `extracted_text`, `subject`). The guard that *should* exist is provider signature verification — there is **none** here (no svix/HMAC, no `webhooks_require_verification()` call). The sink is `self._session.chat(self._agent, ...)` (agent invocation) and `send_message(channel_id=sender_id, ...)` (reply to the spoofed sender). Sibling handlers `src/praisonai/praisonai/bots/linear.py` and `bots/whatsapp.py` call `webhooks_require_verification()` and reject when no secret is set — AgentMail does not, so it fails open.\n\n### Attack flow\n1. Operator runs the AgentMail bot in webhook/hybrid mode (documented; binds `0.0.0.0`, default path `/webhook`, default port 8080).\n2. Attacker POSTs a crafted `message.received` event with a spoofed `from` and arbitrary `extracted_text`.\n3. The agent processes the content; any reply is sent to the attacker-chosen `sender_id`.\n\n### Why existing protection is bypassed\nThere is no protection on this handler: no signature verification, no `webhooks_require_verification()` gate, no auth. Sender allow/block lists are bypassed because `from` is attacker-controlled.\n\n### Security boundary\nUnauthenticated network peer → agent message pipeline + reply destination. Crosses the bot's inbound trust boundary (provider webhooks are expected to be signed/authenticated).\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n### Environment\nReal `AgentMailBot._handle_email_webhook` mounted in a local runtime (`127.0.0.1:18080`); the agent layer is a canary recorder (`/webhook-log`). No real email is sent. Runnable assets: `PraisonAI-Runtime-Repro\\runtime-files\\`.\n\n### Steps to reproduce\n1. `PRAI-03-01-Webhook-Spoofed-Sender`:\n```http\nPOST /webhook HTTP/1.1\nHost: 127.0.0.1:18080\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n{\"type\":\"message.received\",\"data\":{\"from\":\"attacker@evil.example\",\"extracted_text\":\"PRAISONAI_WEBHOOK_INJECT_CANARY_7f3a91 ...\",\"subject\":\"hello\",\"headers\":{}}}\n```\n2. `PRAI-03-02-Agent-Reached-Response`: `GET /webhook-log`.\n\n### Expected result\nThe webhook should reject unsigned/unauthenticated events; spoofed senders should not reach the agent.\n\n### Actual result\n- `POST /webhook` → `200 OK` (no auth/signature).\n- `GET /webhook-log` → `{\"reached_agent\":[{\"sender\":\"attacker@evil.example\",\"content\":\"...PRAISONAI_WEBHOOK_INJECT_CANARY_7f3a91...\",\"source\":\"webhook\"}],\"count\":1}`.\n\n## Impact\nUnauthenticated message injection into the agent; sender spoofing (access-control bypass); agent reply/exfiltration to an attacker-chosen address; prompt-injection surface; LLM cost abuse. If the agent has dangerous tools, escalation via prompt injection is possible.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-07T14:06:56Z","modified":"2026-10-07T14:06:56Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-290","CWE-345","CWE-862"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:41:28.013673Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-61428","description":"PraisonAI AgentMail versions before 4.6.78 lack signature verification in webhook mode, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject messages with spoofed sender addresses. Attackers can POST crafted message.received events to the webhook endpoint to inject arbitrary content into the agent and trigger replies to attacker-controlled addresses, bypassing sender allow/block lists.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-11T14:16:22.61Z","modified":"2026-10-25T15:10:00.147Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:28.771746Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-61428","title":"PraisonAI AgentMail before 4.6.78 Message Injection via Webhook","description":"PraisonAI AgentMail versions before 4.6.78 lack signature verification in webhook mode, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject messages with spoofed sender addresses. Attackers can POST crafted message.received events to the webhook endpoint to inject arbitrary content into the agent and trigger replies to attacker-controlled addresses, bypassing sender allow/block lists.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-11T13:01:01.759Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:32.831121223Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:12.933503Z"},{"id":"GHSA-4mp6-8448-9vgv","title":"Duplicate Advisory: PraisonAI: AgentMail webhook lacks signature verification, allowing unauthenticated message injection and sender spoofing","description":"### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-qj9c-59p6-8cgx. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nPraisonAI AgentMail versions before 4.6.78 lack signature verification in webhook mode, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject messages with spoofed sender addresses. Attackers can POST crafted message.received events to the webhook endpoint to inject arbitrary content into the agent and trigger replies to attacker-controlled addresses, bypassing sender allow/block lists.","status":"withdrawn","published":"2026-07-11T15:30:23Z","modified":"2026-10-07T14:16:43.238882024Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high"},{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-290"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:37.148947Z"},{"id":"GHSA-qj9c-59p6-8cgx","title":"PraisonAI: AgentMail webhook lacks signature verification, allowing unauthenticated message injection and sender spoofing","description":"## Summary\n\nPraisonAI's AgentMail bot, when run in webhook (or hybrid) mode, starts an aiohttp webhook server bound to `0.0.0.0` and processes inbound `message.received` events **without verifying any signature/HMAC and without authentication**. The sender address and message body are taken directly from the attacker-controlled request body, so any network peer can inject messages into the agent with a spoofed sender (bypassing sender allow/block lists) and have the agent process the content and reply to an attacker-chosen address. Sibling bots (`linear.py`, `whatsapp.py`) fail closed when no secret is configured; AgentMail omits the check entirely. Runtime-confirmed; severity Medium.\n\n## Details\n\n### Affected component\n- Package: `praisonai` 4.6.63. File: `src/praisonai/praisonai/bots/agentmail.py` (`AgentMailBot`, webhook/hybrid mode).\n\n### Vulnerable code / root cause\n\nPath:\n`src/praisonai/praisonai/bots/agentmail.py`\n\nFunction:\n`_start_webhook_mode` / `_handle_email_webhook` / `_handle_message`\n\nSnippet:\n```python\n# _start_webhook_mode: binds all interfaces\nself._webhook_site = web.TCPSite(self._webhook_runner, \"0.0.0.0\", self._webhook_port)\n\n# _handle_email_webhook: no signature/HMAC check, no auth\nbody = await request.json()\nif body.get(\"type\") != \"message.received\":\n    return web.Response(status=200, text=\"OK\")\nasyncio.create_task(self._process_webhook_payload(body))   # dispatch attacker body\nreturn web.Response(status=200, text=\"OK\")\n\n# _handle_message: agent processes content, replies to attacker-controlled sender\nresponse = await self._session.chat(self._agent, sender_id, body, ...)\nawait self.send_message(channel_id=sender_id, ...)\n```\nIssue: attacker-controlled input is the raw webhook JSON (`from`, `extracted_text`, `subject`). The guard that *should* exist is provider signature verification — there is **none** here (no svix/HMAC, no `webhooks_require_verification()` call). The sink is `self._session.chat(self._agent, ...)` (agent invocation) and `send_message(channel_id=sender_id, ...)` (reply to the spoofed sender). Sibling handlers `src/praisonai/praisonai/bots/linear.py` and `bots/whatsapp.py` call `webhooks_require_verification()` and reject when no secret is set — AgentMail does not, so it fails open.\n\n### Attack flow\n1. Operator runs the AgentMail bot in webhook/hybrid mode (documented; binds `0.0.0.0`, default path `/webhook`, default port 8080).\n2. Attacker POSTs a crafted `message.received` event with a spoofed `from` and arbitrary `extracted_text`.\n3. The agent processes the content; any reply is sent to the attacker-chosen `sender_id`.\n\n### Why existing protection is bypassed\nThere is no protection on this handler: no signature verification, no `webhooks_require_verification()` gate, no auth. Sender allow/block lists are bypassed because `from` is attacker-controlled.\n\n### Security boundary\nUnauthenticated network peer → agent message pipeline + reply destination. Crosses the bot's inbound trust boundary (provider webhooks are expected to be signed/authenticated).\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n### Environment\nReal `AgentMailBot._handle_email_webhook` mounted in a local runtime (`127.0.0.1:18080`); the agent layer is a canary recorder (`/webhook-log`). No real email is sent. Runnable assets: `PraisonAI-Runtime-Repro\\runtime-files\\`.\n\n### Steps to reproduce\n1. `PRAI-03-01-Webhook-Spoofed-Sender`:\n```http\nPOST /webhook HTTP/1.1\nHost: 127.0.0.1:18080\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n{\"type\":\"message.received\",\"data\":{\"from\":\"attacker@evil.example\",\"extracted_text\":\"PRAISONAI_WEBHOOK_INJECT_CANARY_7f3a91 ...\",\"subject\":\"hello\",\"headers\":{}}}\n```\n2. `PRAI-03-02-Agent-Reached-Response`: `GET /webhook-log`.\n\n### Expected result\nThe webhook should reject unsigned/unauthenticated events; spoofed senders should not reach the agent.\n\n### Actual result\n- `POST /webhook` → `200 OK` (no auth/signature).\n- `GET /webhook-log` → `{\"reached_agent\":[{\"sender\":\"attacker@evil.example\",\"content\":\"...PRAISONAI_WEBHOOK_INJECT_CANARY_7f3a91...\",\"source\":\"webhook\"}],\"count\":1}`.\n\n## Impact\nUnauthenticated message injection into the agent; sender spoofing (access-control bypass); agent reply/exfiltration to an attacker-chosen address; prompt-injection surface; LLM cost abuse. If the agent has dangerous tools, escalation via prompt injection is possible.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-07T14:06:56Z","modified":"2026-10-15T14:56:06.270847897Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-290","CWE-345","CWE-862"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:54.760124Z"},{"id":"PYSEC-2026-4259","title":"PraisonAI: AgentMail webhook lacks signature verification, allowing unauthenticated message injection and sender spoofing","description":"## Summary\n\nPraisonAI's AgentMail bot, when run in webhook (or hybrid) mode, starts an aiohttp webhook server bound to `0.0.0.0` and processes inbound `message.received` events **without verifying any signature/HMAC and without authentication**. The sender address and message body are taken directly from the attacker-controlled request body, so any network peer can inject messages into the agent with a spoofed sender (bypassing sender allow/block lists) and have the agent process the content and reply to an attacker-chosen address. Sibling bots (`linear.py`, `whatsapp.py`) fail closed when no secret is configured; AgentMail omits the check entirely. Runtime-confirmed; severity Medium.\n\n## Details\n\n### Affected component\n- Package: `praisonai` 4.6.63. File: `src/praisonai/praisonai/bots/agentmail.py` (`AgentMailBot`, webhook/hybrid mode).\n\n### Vulnerable code / root cause\n\nPath:\n`src/praisonai/praisonai/bots/agentmail.py`\n\nFunction:\n`_start_webhook_mode` / `_handle_email_webhook` / `_handle_message`\n\nSnippet:\n```python\n# _start_webhook_mode: binds all interfaces\nself._webhook_site = web.TCPSite(self._webhook_runner, \"0.0.0.0\", self._webhook_port)\n\n# _handle_email_webhook: no signature/HMAC check, no auth\nbody = await request.json()\nif body.get(\"type\") != \"message.received\":\n    return web.Response(status=200, text=\"OK\")\nasyncio.create_task(self._process_webhook_payload(body))   # dispatch attacker body\nreturn web.Response(status=200, text=\"OK\")\n\n# _handle_message: agent processes content, replies to attacker-controlled sender\nresponse = await self._session.chat(self._agent, sender_id, body, ...)\nawait self.send_message(channel_id=sender_id, ...)\n```\nIssue: attacker-controlled input is the raw webhook JSON (`from`, `extracted_text`, `subject`). The guard that *should* exist is provider signature verification — there is **none** here (no svix/HMAC, no `webhooks_require_verification()` call). The sink is `self._session.chat(self._agent, ...)` (agent invocation) and `send_message(channel_id=sender_id, ...)` (reply to the spoofed sender). Sibling handlers `src/praisonai/praisonai/bots/linear.py` and `bots/whatsapp.py` call `webhooks_require_verification()` and reject when no secret is set — AgentMail does not, so it fails open.\n\n### Attack flow\n1. Operator runs the AgentMail bot in webhook/hybrid mode (documented; binds `0.0.0.0`, default path `/webhook`, default port 8080).\n2. Attacker POSTs a crafted `message.received` event with a spoofed `from` and arbitrary `extracted_text`.\n3. The agent processes the content; any reply is sent to the attacker-chosen `sender_id`.\n\n### Why existing protection is bypassed\nThere is no protection on this handler: no signature verification, no `webhooks_require_verification()` gate, no auth. Sender allow/block lists are bypassed because `from` is attacker-controlled.\n\n### Security boundary\nUnauthenticated network peer → agent message pipeline + reply destination. Crosses the bot's inbound trust boundary (provider webhooks are expected to be signed/authenticated).\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n### Environment\nReal `AgentMailBot._handle_email_webhook` mounted in a local runtime (`127.0.0.1:18080`); the agent layer is a canary recorder (`/webhook-log`). No real email is sent. Runnable assets: `PraisonAI-Runtime-Repro\\runtime-files\\`.\n\n### Steps to reproduce\n1. `PRAI-03-01-Webhook-Spoofed-Sender`:\n```http\nPOST /webhook HTTP/1.1\nHost: 127.0.0.1:18080\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n{\"type\":\"message.received\",\"data\":{\"from\":\"attacker@evil.example\",\"extracted_text\":\"PRAISONAI_WEBHOOK_INJECT_CANARY_7f3a91 ...\",\"subject\":\"hello\",\"headers\":{}}}\n```\n2. `PRAI-03-02-Agent-Reached-Response`: `GET /webhook-log`.\n\n### Expected result\nThe webhook should reject unsigned/unauthenticated events; spoofed senders should not reach the agent.\n\n### Actual result\n- `POST /webhook` → `200 OK` (no auth/signature).\n- `GET /webhook-log` → `{\"reached_agent\":[{\"sender\":\"attacker@evil.example\",\"content\":\"...PRAISONAI_WEBHOOK_INJECT_CANARY_7f3a91...\",\"source\":\"webhook\"}],\"count\":1}`.\n\n## Impact\nUnauthenticated message injection into the agent; sender spoofing (access-control bypass); agent reply/exfiltration to an attacker-chosen address; prompt-injection surface; LLM cost abuse. If the agent has dangerous tools, escalation via prompt injection is possible.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-15T10:22:47.35556Z","modified":"2026-10-15T14:45:12.224248029Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:52:57.671918Z"}]}}