{"id":"CVE-2026-63741","aliases":["EUVD-2026-45912","GHSA-8p7x-252x-x2h5","GHSA-wp87-mgvq-5j93"],"status":"published","title":"SurrealDB before 3.1.0 Authentication Bypass via USE statement","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 fail to validate DEFINE NAMESPACE or DEFINE DATABASE permissions when processing USE NS and USE DB statements. Unauthenticated attackers can create arbitrary namespaces and databases by issuing USE commands, bypassing authorization checks in the RPC use method and SurrealQL executor.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-11","score":0.00369,"percentile":0.31189,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-862","CWE-863"],"published":"2026-07-01T20:21:25Z","modified":"2026-11-04T02:47:49Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"crates.io","package":"surrealdb","fixed_in":["3.1.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"crates.io","package":"surrealdb","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.1.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"crates.io","package":"surrealdb","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.1.0"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"surrealdb","product":"surrealdb"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb/security/advisories/GHSA-wp87-mgvq-5j93","tags":["vendor-advisory","Mitigation","Vendor Advisory","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/surrealdb-before-authentication-bypass-via-use-statement","tags":["third-party-advisory","Third Party Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63741","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8p7x-252x-x2h5"},{"url":"https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb/commit/f3ee3bd55533c14f1fa3e69ce18fc8904c1ce3f9","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-wp87-mgvq-5j93"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/63xxx/CVE-2026-63741.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-63741","title":"SurrealDB before 3.1.0 Authentication Bypass via USE statement","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 fail to validate DEFINE NAMESPACE or DEFINE DATABASE permissions when processing USE NS and USE DB statements. Unauthenticated attackers can create arbitrary namespaces and databases by issuing USE commands, bypassing authorization checks in the RPC use method and SurrealQL executor.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-20T12:04:35.585Z","modified":"2026-07-28T01:05:37.401Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-862"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:19:56.284359Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-45912","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 fail to validate DEFINE NAMESPACE or DEFINE DATABASE permissions when processing USE NS and USE DB statements. Unauthenticated attackers can create arbitrary namespaces and databases by issuing USE commands, bypassing authorization checks in the RPC use method and SurrealQL executor.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-20T12:04:35Z","modified":"2026-07-28T01:05:37Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:02:33.420584Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-8p7x-252x-x2h5","title":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 fail to validate DEFINE NAMESPACE or DEFINE DATABASE permissions...","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 fail to validate DEFINE NAMESPACE or DEFINE DATABASE permissions when processing USE NS and USE DB statements. Unauthenticated attackers can create arbitrary namespaces and databases by issuing USE commands, bypassing authorization checks in the RPC use method and SurrealQL executor.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-20T12:33:09Z","modified":"2026-07-20T12:33:17Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-862"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:09:36.398204Z"},{"id":"GHSA-wp87-mgvq-5j93","title":"SurrealDB: USE NS/DB implicit creation bypasses DEFINE authorization","description":"An anonymous caller could create new namespaces and databases on a running SurrealDB instance without holding `DEFINE NAMESPACE` or `DEFINE DATABASE` permission.\n\n`USE NS \u003cname\u003e` and `USE DB \u003cname\u003e` automatically create the target when it does not exist. The three places `USE` is handled — the RPC `use` method, `Datastore::process_use`, and the SurrealQL executor — did not check whether the caller was allowed to create the resource. Under default capabilities any session reached this path, including an unauthenticated guest.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhat an attacker **can** do:\n\n- Create new namespaces and databases without `DEFINE NAMESPACE` / `DEFINE DATABASE` permission. An unauthenticated guest is enough under default capabilities.\n- Recreate a parent namespace that an operator deliberately dropped, using a stale namespace-Editor token, by running `USE NS \u003cdropped\u003e DB anything`.\n- Exhaust catalog storage by repeatedly creating new resources.\n\nWhat it **can't** do:\n\n- Read or modify data inside any pre-existing namespace or database.\n- Escalate to root or namespace-owner privileges on existing resources.\n- Affect deployments running with `auth_enabled=false`.\n\n### Patches\n\nAll three `USE` entry points now check whether the caller has `DEFINE NAMESPACE` / `DEFINE DATABASE` authority before creating a missing target. Sessions still update their context regardless of authorization, so SDKs that send `use` before `signin` continue to work — only the catalog creation step is gated. The parent-namespace side-effect path is closed by the same check.\n\nVersions 3.1.0 and later are not affected.\n\n### Workarounds\n\n- Set `--deny-arbitrary-query *` for guest principals to remove the entry point.\n- Run with `--auth` and require all callers to `signin` before issuing `use`.\n- Revoke namespace-level tokens promptly when a namespace is dropped.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-01T20:21:25Z","modified":"2026-07-01T20:21:26Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-862","CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:36.577366Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-63741","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 fail to validate DEFINE NAMESPACE or DEFINE DATABASE permissions when processing USE NS and USE DB statements. Unauthenticated attackers can create arbitrary namespaces and databases by issuing USE commands, bypassing authorization checks in the RPC use method and SurrealQL executor.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-20T12:19:43.43Z","modified":"2026-07-23T20:17:20.647Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-862"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:31.024898Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-63741","title":"SurrealDB before 3.1.0 Authentication Bypass via USE statement","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 fail to validate DEFINE NAMESPACE or DEFINE DATABASE permissions when processing USE NS and USE DB statements. Unauthenticated attackers can create arbitrary namespaces and databases by issuing USE commands, bypassing authorization checks in the RPC use method and SurrealQL executor.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-20T12:04:35.585Z","modified":"2026-11-04T02:47:49.577626543Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":6.9,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-862"],"updated_at":"2026-11-04T02:53:00.786919Z"},{"id":"GHSA-wp87-mgvq-5j93","title":"SurrealDB: USE NS/DB implicit creation bypasses DEFINE authorization","description":"An anonymous caller could create new namespaces and databases on a running SurrealDB instance without holding `DEFINE NAMESPACE` or `DEFINE DATABASE` permission.\n\n`USE NS \u003cname\u003e` and `USE DB \u003cname\u003e` automatically create the target when it does not exist. The three places `USE` is handled — the RPC `use` method, `Datastore::process_use`, and the SurrealQL executor — did not check whether the caller was allowed to create the resource. Under default capabilities any session reached this path, including an unauthenticated guest.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhat an attacker **can** do:\n\n- Create new namespaces and databases without `DEFINE NAMESPACE` / `DEFINE DATABASE` permission. An unauthenticated guest is enough under default capabilities.\n- Recreate a parent namespace that an operator deliberately dropped, using a stale namespace-Editor token, by running `USE NS \u003cdropped\u003e DB anything`.\n- Exhaust catalog storage by repeatedly creating new resources.\n\nWhat it **can't** do:\n\n- Read or modify data inside any pre-existing namespace or database.\n- Escalate to root or namespace-owner privileges on existing resources.\n- Affect deployments running with `auth_enabled=false`.\n\n### Patches\n\nAll three `USE` entry points now check whether the caller has `DEFINE NAMESPACE` / `DEFINE DATABASE` authority before creating a missing target. Sessions still update their context regardless of authorization, so SDKs that send `use` before `signin` continue to work — only the catalog creation step is gated. The parent-namespace side-effect path is closed by the same check.\n\nVersions 3.1.0 and later are not affected.\n\n### Workarounds\n\n- Set `--deny-arbitrary-query *` for guest principals to remove the entry point.\n- Run with `--auth` and require all callers to `signin` before issuing `use`.\n- Revoke namespace-level tokens promptly when a namespace is dropped.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-01T20:21:25Z","modified":"2026-11-04T02:56:04.528727968Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":6.5,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-862","CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-04T03:25:28.514393Z"}]}}