{"id":"CVE-2026-63742","aliases":["EUVD-2026-45913","GHSA-5c44-88qh-4c5h","GHSA-c8jx-96c9-8xrp"],"status":"published","title":"SurrealDB before 3.1.0 Field Permission Bypass via Indexed COUNT","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level SELECT permission bypass vulnerability in indexed COUNT fast paths. Attackers can execute COUNT queries on indexed fields with field-level SELECT restrictions to confirm or recover restricted field values through repeated guesses.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-12","score":0.00293,"percentile":0.2215,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-863"],"published":"2026-07-01T20:22:06Z","modified":"2026-11-04T02:47:49Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"crates.io","package":"surrealdb","fixed_in":["3.1.0"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"crates.io","package":"surrealdb","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.1.0"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"crates.io","package":"surrealdb","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.1.0"}]}]}],"products":[{"vendor":"surrealdb","product":"surrealdb"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb/security/advisories/GHSA-c8jx-96c9-8xrp","tags":["vendor-advisory","Vendor Advisory","Mitigation","advisory","web"]},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/surrealdb-before-field-permission-bypass-via-indexed-count","tags":["third-party-advisory","Third Party Advisory","advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63742","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5c44-88qh-4c5h"},{"url":"https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb/pull/240","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb/commit/0c6dd021bb55b32a78a553c72bb9c0cdd414825f","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-c8jx-96c9-8xrp"},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/63xxx/CVE-2026-63742.json","tags":["advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"cve":[{"id":"CVE-2026-63742","title":"SurrealDB before 3.1.0 Field Permission Bypass via Indexed COUNT","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level SELECT permission bypass vulnerability in indexed COUNT fast paths. Attackers can execute COUNT queries on indexed fields with field-level SELECT restrictions to confirm or recover restricted field values through repeated guesses.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-20T12:04:36.415Z","modified":"2026-07-28T01:05:38.097Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"},{"version":"3.1","score":4.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:19:55.914391Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-45913","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level SELECT permission bypass vulnerability in indexed COUNT fast paths. Attackers can execute COUNT queries on indexed fields with field-level SELECT restrictions to confirm or recover restricted field values through repeated guesses.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-20T12:04:36Z","modified":"2026-07-28T01:05:38Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:02:33.420584Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-5c44-88qh-4c5h","title":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level SELECT permission bypass vulnerability in...","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level SELECT permission bypass vulnerability in indexed COUNT fast paths. Attackers can execute COUNT queries on indexed fields with field-level SELECT restrictions to confirm or recover restricted field values through repeated guesses.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-20T12:33:09Z","modified":"2026-07-20T12:33:17Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium"},{"version":"3.1","score":4.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:09:36.398204Z"},{"id":"GHSA-c8jx-96c9-8xrp","title":"SurrealDB: Field-level SELECT permissions bypassed via indexed COUNT fast paths","description":"A record user could learn the value of a hidden field by counting how many records match a guess.\n\nWhen `DEFINE FIELD ... PERMISSIONS FOR select WHERE ...` hides a field's contents from a caller, and that field is indexed, running `SELECT count() FROM t WHERE hidden_field = \"guess\" GROUP ALL` returned a count greater than zero whenever a record actually had that value — even though the caller was never allowed to read the field directly. The query planner used an indexed-COUNT shortcut (`Index::Count`, `IndexCountScan`, or the legacy `Iterate Index Count` / `Iterate Index Keys` paths) that counts matching index entries and skips the permission check that would normally hide the value. The same query with `WITH NOINDEX` correctly returned `[]`, confirming the gap.\n\nBy repeating the count query with different guesses, an attacker can confirm or recover the contents of any restricted field they could not read through a normal `SELECT`.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhat an attacker **can** do:\n\n- Confirm or recover values of a field protected by field-level SELECT permissions on any table they hold table-level SELECT on, provided the field is indexed.\n- Repeat the query with different guesses to read restricted field contents one value at a time.\n\nWhat it **can't** do:\n\n- Read fields that are not indexed (the shortcut only fires when an index covers the predicate column).\n- Cross table, database or namespace isolation boundaries.\n- Modify data, escalate privileges, or affect availability.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe legacy planner (`surrealdb/core/src/idx/planner/tree.rs`) and the streaming planner (`surrealdb/core/src/exec/planner/select/mod.rs`) now both refuse the indexed fast path when the WHERE / ORDER tree references a field governed by a non-`Full` SELECT permission:\n\n- `resolve_indexes` skips any B-tree / unique index whose columns are governed by such a permission.\n- A new `cond_touches_restricted_field` flag is propagated; `eval_count` refuses a dedicated `Index::Count` when set.\n- The streaming planner adds `cond_touches_restricted_select_field`, a `RestrictedIdiomChecker` visitor that matches each idiom against the table's field-permission prefixes (loaded via the plan-time txn), and gates `IndexCountScan` emission on it.\n- The fast paths are preserved for root / owner sessions via `should_check_perms_for_view`.\n\nVersions 3.1.0 and later are not affected.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUsers unable to patch are advised to consider the following workarounds:\n\n- Avoid `DEFINE INDEX` on fields whose values are protected by field-level SELECT permissions. The class of attack is specific to the indexed fast paths.\n- Restrict the ability of record users to issue arbitrary `SELECT count() … GROUP ALL` queries against tables containing field-protected columns.\n- Use namespace / database isolation as the primary boundary where feasible.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-01T20:22:06Z","modified":"2026-07-01T20:22:07Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:36.577366Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-63742","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level SELECT permission bypass vulnerability in indexed COUNT fast paths. Attackers can execute COUNT queries on indexed fields with field-level SELECT restrictions to confirm or recover restricted field values through repeated guesses.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-20T12:19:43.573Z","modified":"2026-07-22T15:47:01.527Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"},{"version":"3.1","score":4.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:31.024898Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-63742","title":"SurrealDB before 3.1.0 Field Permission Bypass via Indexed COUNT","description":"SurrealDB versions before 3.1.0 contain a field-level SELECT permission bypass vulnerability in indexed COUNT fast paths. Attackers can execute COUNT queries on indexed fields with field-level SELECT restrictions to confirm or recover restricted field values through repeated guesses.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-20T12:04:36.415Z","modified":"2026-11-04T02:47:49.578535405Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":5.3,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-04T02:53:00.786919Z"},{"id":"GHSA-c8jx-96c9-8xrp","title":"SurrealDB: Field-level SELECT permissions bypassed via indexed COUNT fast paths","description":"A record user could learn the value of a hidden field by counting how many records match a guess.\n\nWhen `DEFINE FIELD ... PERMISSIONS FOR select WHERE ...` hides a field's contents from a caller, and that field is indexed, running `SELECT count() FROM t WHERE hidden_field = \"guess\" GROUP ALL` returned a count greater than zero whenever a record actually had that value — even though the caller was never allowed to read the field directly. The query planner used an indexed-COUNT shortcut (`Index::Count`, `IndexCountScan`, or the legacy `Iterate Index Count` / `Iterate Index Keys` paths) that counts matching index entries and skips the permission check that would normally hide the value. The same query with `WITH NOINDEX` correctly returned `[]`, confirming the gap.\n\nBy repeating the count query with different guesses, an attacker can confirm or recover the contents of any restricted field they could not read through a normal `SELECT`.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhat an attacker **can** do:\n\n- Confirm or recover values of a field protected by field-level SELECT permissions on any table they hold table-level SELECT on, provided the field is indexed.\n- Repeat the query with different guesses to read restricted field contents one value at a time.\n\nWhat it **can't** do:\n\n- Read fields that are not indexed (the shortcut only fires when an index covers the predicate column).\n- Cross table, database or namespace isolation boundaries.\n- Modify data, escalate privileges, or affect availability.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe legacy planner (`surrealdb/core/src/idx/planner/tree.rs`) and the streaming planner (`surrealdb/core/src/exec/planner/select/mod.rs`) now both refuse the indexed fast path when the WHERE / ORDER tree references a field governed by a non-`Full` SELECT permission:\n\n- `resolve_indexes` skips any B-tree / unique index whose columns are governed by such a permission.\n- A new `cond_touches_restricted_field` flag is propagated; `eval_count` refuses a dedicated `Index::Count` when set.\n- The streaming planner adds `cond_touches_restricted_select_field`, a `RestrictedIdiomChecker` visitor that matches each idiom against the table's field-permission prefixes (loaded via the plan-time txn), and gates `IndexCountScan` emission on it.\n- The fast paths are preserved for root / owner sessions via `should_check_perms_for_view`.\n\nVersions 3.1.0 and later are not affected.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUsers unable to patch are advised to consider the following workarounds:\n\n- Avoid `DEFINE INDEX` on fields whose values are protected by field-level SELECT permissions. The class of attack is specific to the indexed fast paths.\n- Restrict the ability of record users to issue arbitrary `SELECT count() … GROUP ALL` queries against tables containing field-protected columns.\n- Use namespace / database isolation as the primary boundary where feasible.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-01T20:22:06Z","modified":"2026-11-04T02:56:13.128405465Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":4.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","level":"medium"}],"cwes":["CWE-863"],"updated_at":"2026-11-04T03:25:28.514393Z"}]}}