{"id":"CVE-2026-66066","aliases":["DEBIAN-CVE-2026-66066","EUVD-2026-51270","GHSA-xr9x-r78c-5hrm","SUSE-SU-2026:24195-1","SUSE-SU-2026:24250-1","UBUNTU-CVE-2026-66066","openSUSE-SU-2026:12153-1","openSUSE-SU-2026:22068-1"],"status":"published","title":"Action Pack: Possible arbitrary file read and remote code execution in Active Storage variant processing","description":"Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. In versions prior to 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1, Active Storage does not disable libvips operations marked unsafe for untrusted content, allowing a crafted upload to invoke such an operation. Consuming applications are affected when configured to use libvips and accept image uploads from untrusted users. An unauthenticated attacker may exploit this behavior to read arbitrary files accessible to the Rails process, including environment variables and application secrets. Exposure of credentials such as secret_key_base or external-service tokens may enable remote code execution or lateral movement. This issue has been fixed in versions 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1.","severity":{"version":"4.0","score":9.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna","from":"cve"},"epss":{"day":"2026-11-09","score":0.32901,"percentile":0.98366,"model":"v2026.06.15"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":true,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-1188"],"published":"2026-07-30T18:23:33Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:47Z","exploits":[{"source":"pocgithub","id":"Zer0SumGam3/CVE-2026-66066-POC","title":"Zer0SumGam3/CVE-2026-66066-POC","date":"2026-07-29","url":"https://github.com/Zer0SumGam3/CVE-2026-66066-POC"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"ashrafzaryouh/CVE-2026-66066","title":"ashrafzaryouh/CVE-2026-66066","date":"2026-07-29","url":"https://github.com/ashrafzaryouh/CVE-2026-66066"},{"source":"metasploit","id":"exploit/multi/http/rails_activestorage_vips_rce","title":"Ruby on Rails Active Storage Vips Arbitrary File Read and Remote Code Execution","type":"exploit","platform":"Linux,Ruby,Unix","date":"2026-07-29","verified":true,"url":"https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/rails_activestorage_vips_rce"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"rails/rails-forensics-CVE-2026-66066","title":"rails/rails-forensics-CVE-2026-66066","date":"2026-07-30","url":"https://github.com/rails/rails-forensics-CVE-2026-66066"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"0xsha/KindaRails2Shell","title":"0xsha/KindaRails2Shell","date":"2026-07-31","url":"https://github.com/0xsha/KindaRails2Shell"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"HackSpeak/CVE-2026-66066","title":"HackSpeak/CVE-2026-66066","date":"2026-08-03","url":"https://github.com/HackSpeak/CVE-2026-66066"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"shinthink/CVE-2026-66066","title":"shinthink/CVE-2026-66066","date":"2026-08-04","url":"https://github.com/shinthink/CVE-2026-66066"},{"source":"pocgithub","id":"ivanesk315/CVE-2026-66066","title":"ivanesk315/CVE-2026-66066","date":"2026-09-10","url":"https://github.com/ivanesk315/CVE-2026-66066"}],"fixes":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activestorage","fixed_in":["7.2.3.2","8.0.5.1","8.1.3.1"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"rails","fixed_in":["2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u3"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"rails","fixed_in":["2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u2"],"sources":["osv"]},{"ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"rails","fixed_in":["2:7.2.3.2+dfsg-1"],"sources":["osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activestorage","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"7.2.3.2"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activestorage","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"8.0.0.beta1"},{"fixed":"8.0.5.1"}]}]},{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activestorage","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"8.1.0.beta1"},{"fixed":"8.1.3.1"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:12","package":"rails","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u3"}]}],"versions":["2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u1","2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u2","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-1","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-10","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-11","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-12","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-13","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-2","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-2~deb12u1","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-3","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-4","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-5","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-6","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-7","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-7~exp1","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-8","2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-9"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:13","package":"rails","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u2"}]}],"versions":["2:7.2.2.1+dfsg-7","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-1","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Debian:14","package":"rails","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2:7.2.3.2+dfsg-1"}]}],"versions":["2:7.2.2.1+dfsg-7","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-1","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u1","2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u2","2:7.2.3+dfsg-1","2:7.2.3+dfsg-2","2:7.2.3+dfsg-3","2:7.2.3.1+dfsg-1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activestorage","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"7.2.3.2"}]}],"versions":["0.1","5.2.0","5.2.0.beta1","5.2.0.beta2","5.2.0.rc1","5.2.0.rc2","5.2.1","5.2.1.1","5.2.1.rc1","5.2.2","5.2.2.1","5.2.2.rc1","5.2.3","5.2.3.rc1","5.2.4","5.2.4.1","5.2.4.2","5.2.4.3","5.2.4.4","5.2.4.5","5.2.4.6","5.2.4.rc1","5.2.5","5.2.6","5.2.6.1","5.2.6.2","5.2.6.3","5.2.7","5.2.7.1","5.2.8","5.2.8.1","6.0.0","6.0.0.beta1","6.0.0.beta2","6.0.0.beta3","6.0.0.rc1","6.0.0.rc2","6.0.1","6.0.1.rc1","6.0.2","6.0.2.1","6.0.2.2","6.0.2.rc1","6.0.2.rc2","6.0.3","6.0.3.1","6.0.3.2","6.0.3.3","6.0.3.4","6.0.3.5","6.0.3.6","6.0.3.7","6.0.3.rc1","6.0.4","6.0.4.1","6.0.4.2","6.0.4.3","6.0.4.4","6.0.4.5","6.0.4.6","6.0.4.7","6.0.4.8","6.0.5","6.0.5.1","6.0.6","6.0.6.1","6.1.0","6.1.0.rc1","6.1.0.rc2","6.1.1","6.1.2","6.1.2.1","6.1.3","6.1.3.1","6.1.3.2","6.1.4","6.1.4.1","6.1.4.2","6.1.4.3","6.1.4.4","6.1.4.5","6.1.4.6","6.1.4.7","6.1.5","6.1.5.1","6.1.6","6.1.6.1","6.1.7","6.1.7.1","6.1.7.10","6.1.7.2","6.1.7.3","6.1.7.4","6.1.7.5","6.1.7.6","6.1.7.7","6.1.7.8","6.1.7.9","7.0.0","7.0.0.alpha1","7.0.0.alpha2","7.0.0.rc1","7.0.0.rc2","7.0.0.rc3","7.0.1","7.0.10","7.0.2","7.0.2.1","7.0.2.2","7.0.2.3","7.0.2.4","7.0.3","7.0.3.1","7.0.4","7.0.4.1","7.0.4.2","7.0.4.3","7.0.5","7.0.5.1","7.0.6","7.0.7","7.0.7.1","7.0.7.2","7.0.8","7.0.8.1","7.0.8.2","7.0.8.3","7.0.8.4","7.0.8.5","7.0.8.6","7.0.8.7","7.1.0","7.1.0.beta1","7.1.0.rc1","7.1.0.rc2","7.1.1","7.1.2","7.1.3","7.1.3.1","7.1.3.2","7.1.3.3","7.1.3.4","7.1.4","7.1.4.1","7.1.4.2","7.1.5","7.1.5.1","7.1.5.2","7.1.6","7.2.0","7.2.0.beta1","7.2.0.beta2","7.2.0.beta3","7.2.0.rc1","7.2.1","7.2.1.1","7.2.1.2","7.2.2","7.2.2.1","7.2.2.2","7.2.3","7.2.3.1"]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"activestorage","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"8.0.0.beta1"},{"fixed":"8.0.5.1"}]}],"versions":["8.0.0","8.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Pack: Possible arbitrary file read and remote code execution in Active Storage variant processing","description":"Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. In versions prior to 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1, Active Storage does not disable libvips operations marked unsafe for untrusted content, allowing a crafted upload to invoke such an operation. Consuming applications are affected when configured to use libvips and accept image uploads from untrusted users. An unauthenticated attacker may exploit this behavior to read arbitrary files accessible to the Rails process, including environment variables and application secrets. Exposure of credentials such as secret_key_base or external-service tokens may enable remote code execution or lateral movement. This issue has been fixed in versions 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-30T18:32:11.419Z","modified":"2026-08-05T13:46:21.375Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H","level":"critical","assessor":"cna"}],"cwes":["CWE-1188"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:20:12.939084Z"}],"euvd":[{"id":"EUVD-2026-51270","description":"Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. In versions prior to 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1, Active Storage does not disable libvips operations marked unsafe for untrusted content, allowing a crafted upload to invoke such an operation. Consuming applications are affected when configured to use libvips and accept image uploads from untrusted users. An unauthenticated attacker may exploit this behavior to read arbitrary files accessible to the Rails process, including environment variables and application secrets. Exposure of credentials such as secret_key_base or external-service tokens may enable remote code execution or lateral movement. This issue has been fixed in versions 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-30T18:32:11Z","modified":"2026-08-05T13:46:21Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T18:02:10.319044Z"}],"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-xr9x-r78c-5hrm","title":"Active Storage has possible arbitrary file read and remote code execution in Active Storage variant processing","description":"### Impact\nIn its default configuration, a Rails application that displays image variants may allow an\nunauthenticated attacker to read arbitrary files from the server, including the process environment.\nThat environment typically holds `secret_key_base` and often credentials for external systems, which\nmay in turn allow escalation to remote code execution or lateral movement to those systems.\n\n### Details\nlibvips reads and writes file formats through \"loaders\" and \"savers\" (or more generally\n\"operations\"), many of which are backed by third-party libraries. It marks some of these operations\nas \"unfuzzed\", meaning they are unsafe for untrusted content, and several handle formats unrelated\nto web images. Active Storage did not disable the unfuzzed operations, so an attacker who can upload\na crafted file and cause a variant to be generated from it may be able to invoke one.\n\nWe are aware of a mechanism by which an attacker, by uploading a crafted file, is able to cause\ndisclosure of the contents of arbitrary files accessible on the filesystem of the targeted\napplication. One specific attack chain has been reported to us (see \"Disclosure\" below), but we do\nnot assume it is the only one that exists.\n\n### Affected applications\nAn application is affected if it meets all of these requirements:\n- Uses libvips for Active Storage image processing. This is `config.active_storage.variant_processor = :vips`,\n  which `load_defaults 7.0` set and no later default has changed.\n- Allows image uploads from untrusted users.\n\nGenerating variants is not a separate requirement.\n\n### Mitigation\n- Upgrade to a fixed version of `activestorage`.\n- The minimum version of libvips must be upgraded to `\u003e= 8.13`.\n- Change `secret_key_base` and change any secrets accessible in the application environment (see \"Expire and change secrets\" below)\n\nEarlier versions of libvips (`\u003c 8.13`) cannot disable unfuzzed operations at all, and Active Storage\nwill raise an exception during boot in such an unsecurable environment.\n\n### Expire and change secrets\n\nUpgrading closes the vulnerability but does not undo an exfiltrated secret if that already\noccurred. An affected application should treat every secret readable by the application process as\npotentially exposed and change it, including:\n\n- `secret_key_base`\n- The master key, whether stored in `config/master.key` or supplied as `RAILS_MASTER_KEY`, along\n  with everything in `config/credentials.yml.enc` that it decrypts\n- Credentials for the Active Storage service, such as S3, GCS, or Azure keys\n- Database credentials\n- Tokens and keys for any third-party service the application calls\n\nChanging `secret_key_base` expires active sessions and requires users to log in again. Encrypted\ncookies, signed cookies, signed global IDs, and Active Storage URLs are also affected.\n\nRotation should only be used as an intermediate step if necessary. Do not retain an exposed secret\nas a fallback.\n\n### Workarounds\nIf libvips `\u003c 8.13` is being used, there are no workarounds available other than removing the\ndependency on libvips from the application. Some applications may have `ruby-vips` declared as a\ndependency only for image analysis, and those applications may be able to simply remove `ruby-vips`\nfrom the Gemfile to remove libvips from the application. Applications that do not use Active Storage\ncan remove `ruby-vips` from the Gemfile to avoid the boot-time checks.\n\nIf libvips `\u003e= 8.13` is present on the system, applications can disable the unfuzzed operations\nwithout upgrading Rails by setting the `VIPS_BLOCK_UNTRUSTED` environment variable, which libvips\nreads while initializing.\n\nApplications also running ruby-vips `\u003e= 2.2.1` or later can instead call\n`Vips.block_untrusted(true)` from an initializer.\n\n### Releases\nThe fixed releases are available at the normal locations.\n\n### Versions affected\n\n- activestorage \u003c 7.2.3.2\n- activestorage \u003e= 8.0, \u003c 8.0.5.1\n- activestorage \u003e= 8.1, \u003c 8.1.3.1\n\n### Disclosure\nTechnical details of the attack chain are intentionally omitted from this advisory. They would add\nnothing to an administrator's decision to upgrade, while making it substantially easier to attack\napplications that have not yet done so.\n\nDetails will be disclosed no later than 2026-08-28, via the [Rails Security\nAnnouncements](https://discuss.rubyonrails.org/c/security-announcements/9) forum.\n\n### Credit\nThis issue was responsibly reported by [0xacb](https://x.com/0xacb), [s3np41k1r1t0](https://x.com/s3np41k1r1t0) and [castilho](https://x.com/castilho101) from [Ethiack](https://ethiack.com), and [RyotaK](https://ryotak.net) from [GMO Flatt Security Inc.](https://flatt.tech/en/).\n\n### References\n- libvips 8.13 release notes, [blocking of unfuzzed loaders](https://www.libvips.org/2022/05/28/What's-new-in-8.13.html#blocking-of-unfuzzed-loaders)\n- W.A. Arbaugh, W.L. Fithen, and J. McHugh, [\"Windows of Vulnerability: A Case Study\n  Analysis\"](https://doi.org/10.1109/2.889093), IEEE Computer 33(12), December 2000\n- https://ethiack.com/info-hub/research/kindarails2shell-rails-rce-cve\n- https://blog.flatt.tech/entry/kindarails2shell_rails","status":"published","published":"2026-07-30T18:23:33Z","modified":"2026-07-30T18:23:34Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-1188"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:40:54.767849Z"}],"nvd":[{"id":"CVE-2026-66066","description":"Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. In versions prior to 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1, Active Storage does not disable libvips operations marked unsafe for untrusted content, allowing a crafted upload to invoke such an operation. Consuming applications are affected when configured to use libvips and accept image uploads from untrusted users. An unauthenticated attacker may exploit this behavior to read arbitrary files accessible to the Rails process, including environment variables and application secrets. Exposure of credentials such as secret_key_base or external-service tokens may enable remote code execution or lateral movement. This issue has been fixed in versions 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-30T19:18:35.843Z","modified":"2026-09-10T20:36:14.34Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"critical","assessor":"secondary"}],"cwes":["CWE-1188"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:12:33.955581Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"CVE-2026-66066","title":"Action Pack: Possible arbitrary file read and remote code execution in Active Storage variant processing","description":"Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. In versions prior to 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1, Active Storage does not disable libvips operations marked unsafe for untrusted content, allowing a crafted upload to invoke such an operation. Consuming applications are affected when configured to use libvips and accept image uploads from untrusted users. An unauthenticated attacker may exploit this behavior to read arbitrary files accessible to the Rails process, including environment variables and application secrets. Exposure of credentials such as secret_key_base or external-service tokens may enable remote code execution or lateral movement. This issue has been fixed in versions 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-30T18:32:11.419Z","modified":"2026-10-28T02:30:47.978354524Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-1188"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:14.46177Z"},{"id":"DEBIAN-CVE-2026-66066","description":"Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. In versions prior to 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1, Active Storage does not disable libvips operations marked unsafe for untrusted content, allowing a crafted upload to invoke such an operation. Consuming applications are affected when configured to use libvips and accept image uploads from untrusted users. An unauthenticated attacker may exploit this behavior to read arbitrary files accessible to the Rails process, including environment variables and application secrets. Exposure of credentials such as secret_key_base or external-service tokens may enable remote code execution or lateral movement. This issue has been fixed in versions 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-30T19:18:35.843Z","modified":"2026-10-08T18:00:07.118725956Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:45:58.699079Z"},{"id":"GHSA-xr9x-r78c-5hrm","title":"Active Storage has possible arbitrary file read and remote code execution in Active Storage variant processing","description":"### Impact\nIn its default configuration, a Rails application that displays image variants may allow an\nunauthenticated attacker to read arbitrary files from the server, including the process environment.\nThat environment typically holds `secret_key_base` and often credentials for external systems, which\nmay in turn allow escalation to remote code execution or lateral movement to those systems.\n\n### Details\nlibvips reads and writes file formats through \"loaders\" and \"savers\" (or more generally\n\"operations\"), many of which are backed by third-party libraries. It marks some of these operations\nas \"unfuzzed\", meaning they are unsafe for untrusted content, and several handle formats unrelated\nto web images. Active Storage did not disable the unfuzzed operations, so an attacker who can upload\na crafted file and cause a variant to be generated from it may be able to invoke one.\n\nWe are aware of a mechanism by which an attacker, by uploading a crafted file, is able to cause\ndisclosure of the contents of arbitrary files accessible on the filesystem of the targeted\napplication. One specific attack chain has been reported to us (see \"Disclosure\" below), but we do\nnot assume it is the only one that exists.\n\n### Affected applications\nAn application is affected if it meets all of these requirements:\n- Uses libvips for Active Storage image processing. This is `config.active_storage.variant_processor = :vips`,\n  which `load_defaults 7.0` set and no later default has changed.\n- Allows image uploads from untrusted users.\n\nGenerating variants is not a separate requirement.\n\n### Mitigation\n- Upgrade to a fixed version of `activestorage`.\n- The minimum version of libvips must be upgraded to `\u003e= 8.13`.\n- Change `secret_key_base` and change any secrets accessible in the application environment (see \"Expire and change secrets\" below)\n\nEarlier versions of libvips (`\u003c 8.13`) cannot disable unfuzzed operations at all, and Active Storage\nwill raise an exception during boot in such an unsecurable environment.\n\n### Expire and change secrets\n\nUpgrading closes the vulnerability but does not undo an exfiltrated secret if that already\noccurred. An affected application should treat every secret readable by the application process as\npotentially exposed and change it, including:\n\n- `secret_key_base`\n- The master key, whether stored in `config/master.key` or supplied as `RAILS_MASTER_KEY`, along\n  with everything in `config/credentials.yml.enc` that it decrypts\n- Credentials for the Active Storage service, such as S3, GCS, or Azure keys\n- Database credentials\n- Tokens and keys for any third-party service the application calls\n\nChanging `secret_key_base` expires active sessions and requires users to log in again. Encrypted\ncookies, signed cookies, signed global IDs, and Active Storage URLs are also affected.\n\nRotation should only be used as an intermediate step if necessary. Do not retain an exposed secret\nas a fallback.\n\n### Workarounds\nIf libvips `\u003c 8.13` is being used, there are no workarounds available other than removing the\ndependency on libvips from the application. Some applications may have `ruby-vips` declared as a\ndependency only for image analysis, and those applications may be able to simply remove `ruby-vips`\nfrom the Gemfile to remove libvips from the application. Applications that do not use Active Storage\ncan remove `ruby-vips` from the Gemfile to avoid the boot-time checks.\n\nIf libvips `\u003e= 8.13` is present on the system, applications can disable the unfuzzed operations\nwithout upgrading Rails by setting the `VIPS_BLOCK_UNTRUSTED` environment variable, which libvips\nreads while initializing.\n\nApplications also running ruby-vips `\u003e= 2.2.1` or later can instead call\n`Vips.block_untrusted(true)` from an initializer.\n\n### Releases\nThe fixed releases are available at the normal locations.\n\n### Versions affected\n\n- activestorage \u003c 7.2.3.2\n- activestorage \u003e= 8.0, \u003c 8.0.5.1\n- activestorage \u003e= 8.1, \u003c 8.1.3.1\n\n### Disclosure\nTechnical details of the attack chain are intentionally omitted from this advisory. They would add\nnothing to an administrator's decision to upgrade, while making it substantially easier to attack\napplications that have not yet done so.\n\nDetails will be disclosed no later than 2026-08-28, via the [Rails Security\nAnnouncements](https://discuss.rubyonrails.org/c/security-announcements/9) forum.\n\n### Credit\nThis issue was responsibly reported by [0xacb](https://x.com/0xacb), [s3np41k1r1t0](https://x.com/s3np41k1r1t0) and [castilho](https://x.com/castilho101) from [Ethiack](https://ethiack.com), and [RyotaK](https://ryotak.net) from [GMO Flatt Security Inc.](https://flatt.tech/en/).\n\n### References\n- libvips 8.13 release notes, [blocking of unfuzzed loaders](https://www.libvips.org/2022/05/28/What's-new-in-8.13.html#blocking-of-unfuzzed-loaders)\n- W.A. Arbaugh, W.L. Fithen, and J. McHugh, [\"Windows of Vulnerability: A Case Study\n  Analysis\"](https://doi.org/10.1109/2.889093), IEEE Computer 33(12), December 2000\n- https://ethiack.com/info-hub/research/kindarails2shell-rails-rce-cve\n- https://blog.flatt.tech/entry/kindarails2shell_rails","status":"published","published":"2026-07-30T18:23:33Z","modified":"2026-09-10T03:51:12.686410422Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H","level":"critical"}],"cwes":["CWE-1188"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:47:00.198893Z"},{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2026-66066","description":"Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. In versions prior to 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1, Active Storage does not disable libvips operations marked unsafe for untrusted content, allowing a crafted upload to invoke such an operation. Consuming applications are affected when configured to use libvips and accept image uploads from untrusted users. An unauthenticated attacker may exploit this behavior to read arbitrary files accessible to the Rails process, including environment variables and application secrets. Exposure of credentials such as secret_key_base or external-service tokens may enable remote code execution or lateral movement. This issue has been fixed in versions 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1.","status":"published","published":"2026-07-30T19:18:00Z","modified":"2026-10-17T12:59:18.85183372Z","cvss":[{"version":"4.0","score":9.5,"vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H","level":"critical"}],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:56:53.710209Z"},{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2026:12153-1","title":"hawk2-2.7.2+git.1792148770.648dcddb-1.1 on GA media","description":"These are all security issues fixed in the hawk2-2.7.2+git.1792148770.648dcddb-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.","status":"published","published":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","modified":"2026-10-17T10:00:04.120583882Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:40.245664Z"},{"id":"openSUSE-SU-2026:22068-1","title":"Security update for hawk2","description":"This update for hawk2 fixes the following issues:\n\n- CVE-2026-42246: net-imap: MITM attacker can cause Net::IMAP#starttls to return successfully, without starting TLS\n  (bsc#1268996).\n- CVE-2026-66066: unsafe image processing operations on untrusted uploads can allow arbitrary file reading and remote\n  code execution (bsc#1273348).\n- CVE-2026-71847: json: heap use-after free in JSON::ResumableParser partial_value can lead to crash on truncated\n  duplicate-key streams (bsc#1275213).\n- CVE-2026-73490: loofah: improper handling of SVG attributes in the HTML5 sanitizer allows bypass of local-reference\n  restrictions (bsc#1275179).\n- CVE-2026-73491: loofah: improper handling of javascript: URIs can lead to XSS (bsc#1275183).\n- CVE-2026-73492: loofah: improper handling of javascript: and vbscript: URIs can lead to XSS (bsc#1275188).\n- CVE-2026-73648: rails-html-sanitizer: cross-site scripting is possible when the sanitizer is configured to allow\n  certain SVG reference elements (bsc#1275200).\n\nChanges for hawk2:\n\n- Update to version 2.7.2+git.1788518533.7d4dadd6 (bsc#1275019):\n * Test: give sle15 more time when choosing between sle15 and sle16\n * Dev: bump jQuery version to 4.0.0\n * Dev: bump jQuery version to 3.5.0\n * Dev: bump jQuery version to 2.2.4\n * Test: update the e2e test for the change allowing custom parameters\n * Dev: enable custom Parameters and Meta Attributes (bsc#1274860)\n * CI/CD: update hawk examiner entry point\n * Test: enable test_add_clone against hawk-apiserver verion 0.2.1\n * Test: fix SyntaxWarning: invalid escape sequence '\\|'\n * Test: make the tests compatible against hawk-apiserver ver0.2.0\n","status":"published","published":"2026-10-09T10:01:26Z","modified":"2026-10-19T17:23:11.651310245Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T16:58:42.426393Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2026:24195-1","title":"Security update for hawk2","description":"This update for hawk2 fixes the following issues:\n\n- CVE-2026-42246: net-imap: MITM attacker can cause Net::IMAP#starttls to return successfully, without starting TLS\n  (bsc#1268996).\n- CVE-2026-66066: unsafe image processing operations on untrusted uploads can allow arbitrary file reading and remote\n  code execution (bsc#1273348).\n- CVE-2026-71847: json: heap use-after free in JSON::ResumableParser partial_value can lead to crash on truncated\n  duplicate-key streams (bsc#1275213).\n- CVE-2026-73490: loofah: improper handling of SVG attributes in the HTML5 sanitizer allows bypass of local-reference\n  restrictions (bsc#1275179).\n- CVE-2026-73491: loofah: improper handling of javascript: URIs can lead to XSS (bsc#1275183).\n- CVE-2026-73492: loofah: improper handling of javascript: and vbscript: URIs can lead to XSS (bsc#1275188).\n- CVE-2026-73648: rails-html-sanitizer: cross-site scripting is possible when the sanitizer is configured to allow\n  certain SVG reference elements (bsc#1275200).\n\nChanges for hawk2:\n\n- Update to version 2.7.2+git.1788518533.7d4dadd6 (bsc#1275019):\n * Test: give sle15 more time when choosing between sle15 and sle16\n * Dev: bump jQuery version to 4.0.0\n * Dev: bump jQuery version to 3.5.0\n * Dev: bump jQuery version to 2.2.4\n * Test: update the e2e test for the change allowing custom parameters\n * Dev: enable custom Parameters and Meta Attributes (bsc#1274860)\n * CI/CD: update hawk examiner entry point\n * Test: enable test_add_clone against hawk-apiserver verion 0.2.1\n * Test: fix SyntaxWarning: invalid escape sequence '\\|'\n * Test: make the tests compatible against hawk-apiserver ver0.2.0\n","status":"published","published":"2026-10-09T10:11:39Z","modified":"2026-10-21T17:23:09.534601518Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:04.519245Z"},{"id":"SUSE-SU-2026:24250-1","title":"Security update for hawk2","description":"This update for hawk2 fixes the following issues:\n\n- CVE-2026-42246: net-imap: MITM attacker can cause Net::IMAP#starttls to return successfully, without starting TLS\n  (bsc#1268996).\n- CVE-2026-66066: unsafe image processing operations on untrusted uploads can allow arbitrary file reading and remote\n  code execution (bsc#1273348).\n- CVE-2026-71847: json: heap use-after free in JSON::ResumableParser partial_value can lead to crash on truncated\n  duplicate-key streams (bsc#1275213).\n- CVE-2026-73490: loofah: improper handling of SVG attributes in the HTML5 sanitizer allows bypass of local-reference\n  restrictions (bsc#1275179).\n- CVE-2026-73491: loofah: improper handling of javascript: URIs can lead to XSS (bsc#1275183).\n- CVE-2026-73492: loofah: improper handling of javascript: and vbscript: URIs can lead to XSS (bsc#1275188).\n- CVE-2026-73648: rails-html-sanitizer: cross-site scripting is possible when the sanitizer is configured to allow\n  certain SVG reference elements (bsc#1275200).\n\nChanges for hawk2:\n\n- Update to version 2.7.2+git.1788518533.7d4dadd6 (bsc#1275019):\n * Test: give sle15 more time when choosing between sle15 and sle16\n * Dev: bump jQuery version to 4.0.0\n * Dev: bump jQuery version to 3.5.0\n * Dev: bump jQuery version to 2.2.4\n * Test: update the e2e test for the change allowing custom parameters\n * Dev: enable custom Parameters and Meta Attributes (bsc#1274860)\n * CI/CD: update hawk examiner entry point\n * Test: enable test_add_clone against hawk-apiserver verion 0.2.1\n * Test: fix SyntaxWarning: invalid escape sequence '\\|'\n * Test: make the tests compatible against hawk-apiserver ver0.2.0\n","status":"published","published":"2026-10-09T10:10:52Z","modified":"2026-10-21T17:23:12.551796041Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:54:04.519245Z"}]}}