{"id":"GHSA-jfwg-rxf3-p7r9","aliases":["GO-2026-5467"],"status":"published","title":"Authorizer: CQL/N1QL Injection in Cassandra and Couchbase Backends via fmt.Sprintf String Interpolation","description":"## Vulnerability Details\n\n**CWE:** CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic\n\nAll 66+ CQL queries in `internal/storage/db/cassandradb/` use `fmt.Sprintf` to interpolate user-controlled values directly into CQL query strings without parameterization.\n\nUnauthenticated endpoints (`signup`, `login`, `forgot_password`, `magic_link_login`) pass user input directly into CQL query strings.\n\n**Note:** This advisory covers the Cassandra CQL injection only. The Couchbase N1QL injection is tracked in a separate advisory per CVE rule 4.2.11.\n\n## Affected Code Pattern\n\n```go\n// Before (VULNERABLE) - e.g. cassandradb/user.go\nquery := fmt.Sprintf(\"SELECT ... FROM %s WHERE email = '%s'\", table, email)\nerr := p.db.Query(query).Scan(...)\n```\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n\n1. Deploy Authorizer \u003c= 2.0.0 with Cassandra backend\n2. Send a signup request with a CQL injection payload in the email field:\n\n```bash\ncurl -X POST http://localhost:8080/graphql \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  -d '{\"query\":\"mutation { signup(params: { email: \\\"test'\\\" }) { message } }\"}'\n```\n\n3. The single quote breaks out of the CQL string literal, causing a CQL parse error that leaks internal schema information\n4. Crafted payloads can manipulate query logic to bypass authentication or extract data\n\n## Affected Files (10 Cassandra files)\n\n| Package | File | Queries Fixed |\n|---------|------|--------------|\n| cassandradb | user.go | 7 |\n| cassandradb | otp.go | 4 |\n| cassandradb | session_token.go | 19 |\n| cassandradb | verification_requests.go | 4 |\n| cassandradb | authenticator.go | 3 |\n| cassandradb | email_template.go | 5 |\n| cassandradb | webhook.go | 5 |\n| cassandradb | webhook_log.go | 2 |\n| cassandradb | session.go | 1 |\n| cassandradb | env.go | 2 |\n\n## Impact\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker can inject arbitrary CQL operators through the email, phone, or token parameters on public-facing endpoints (signup, login, forgot_password, magic_link_login). This enables authentication bypass and data exfiltration from the Cassandra keyspace.\n\n## Proposed Fix\n\nUse parameterized queries:\n\n```go\n// After (FIXED)\nquery := fmt.Sprintf(\"SELECT ... FROM %s WHERE email = ?\", table)\nerr := p.db.Query(query, email).Scan(...)\n```\n\nFixed in https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/pull/500 (merged 2026-03-27).","severity":{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high","from":"ghsa"},"facts":{"in_kev":false,"known_exploited":false,"public_exploit":false,"fix_available":true},"cwes":["CWE-209","CWE-943"],"published":"2026-04-06T17:56:31Z","modified":"2026-06-25T23:11:48Z","fixes":[{"ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer","fixed_in":["0.0.0-20260327055742-73679faa53cd"],"sources":["ghsa","osv"]}],"affected":[{"source":"ghsa","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer","ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.0.0-20260327055742-73679faa53cd"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.0.0-20260327055742-73679faa53cd"}]}]},{"source":"osv","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer","ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"0.0.0-20260327055742-73679faa53cd"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/security/advisories/GHSA-jfwg-rxf3-p7r9","tags":["web","advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/pull/500","tags":["web","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/commit/73679faa53cd215c7524d651046e402c43809786","tags":["web","fix"]},{"url":"https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/releases/tag/2.0.1","tags":["web"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jfwg-rxf3-p7r9"},{"url":"https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer","tags":["package"]}],"sources":{"ghsa":[{"id":"GHSA-jfwg-rxf3-p7r9","title":"Authorizer: CQL/N1QL Injection in Cassandra and Couchbase Backends via fmt.Sprintf String Interpolation","description":"## Vulnerability Details\n\n**CWE:** CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic\n\nAll 66+ CQL queries in `internal/storage/db/cassandradb/` use `fmt.Sprintf` to interpolate user-controlled values directly into CQL query strings without parameterization.\n\nUnauthenticated endpoints (`signup`, `login`, `forgot_password`, `magic_link_login`) pass user input directly into CQL query strings.\n\n**Note:** This advisory covers the Cassandra CQL injection only. The Couchbase N1QL injection is tracked in a separate advisory per CVE rule 4.2.11.\n\n## Affected Code Pattern\n\n```go\n// Before (VULNERABLE) - e.g. cassandradb/user.go\nquery := fmt.Sprintf(\"SELECT ... FROM %s WHERE email = '%s'\", table, email)\nerr := p.db.Query(query).Scan(...)\n```\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n\n1. Deploy Authorizer \u003c= 2.0.0 with Cassandra backend\n2. Send a signup request with a CQL injection payload in the email field:\n\n```bash\ncurl -X POST http://localhost:8080/graphql \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  -d '{\"query\":\"mutation { signup(params: { email: \\\"test'\\\" }) { message } }\"}'\n```\n\n3. The single quote breaks out of the CQL string literal, causing a CQL parse error that leaks internal schema information\n4. Crafted payloads can manipulate query logic to bypass authentication or extract data\n\n## Affected Files (10 Cassandra files)\n\n| Package | File | Queries Fixed |\n|---------|------|--------------|\n| cassandradb | user.go | 7 |\n| cassandradb | otp.go | 4 |\n| cassandradb | session_token.go | 19 |\n| cassandradb | verification_requests.go | 4 |\n| cassandradb | authenticator.go | 3 |\n| cassandradb | email_template.go | 5 |\n| cassandradb | webhook.go | 5 |\n| cassandradb | webhook_log.go | 2 |\n| cassandradb | session.go | 1 |\n| cassandradb | env.go | 2 |\n\n## Impact\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker can inject arbitrary CQL operators through the email, phone, or token parameters on public-facing endpoints (signup, login, forgot_password, magic_link_login). This enables authentication bypass and data exfiltration from the Cassandra keyspace.\n\n## Proposed Fix\n\nUse parameterized queries:\n\n```go\n// After (FIXED)\nquery := fmt.Sprintf(\"SELECT ... FROM %s WHERE email = ?\", table)\nerr := p.db.Query(query, email).Scan(...)\n```\n\nFixed in https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/pull/500 (merged 2026-03-27).","status":"published","published":"2026-04-06T17:56:31Z","modified":"2026-04-06T17:56:35Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-209","CWE-943"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T14:39:48.966685Z"}],"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-jfwg-rxf3-p7r9","title":"Authorizer: CQL/N1QL Injection in Cassandra and Couchbase Backends via fmt.Sprintf String Interpolation","description":"## Vulnerability Details\n\n**CWE:** CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic\n\nAll 66+ CQL queries in `internal/storage/db/cassandradb/` use `fmt.Sprintf` to interpolate user-controlled values directly into CQL query strings without parameterization.\n\nUnauthenticated endpoints (`signup`, `login`, `forgot_password`, `magic_link_login`) pass user input directly into CQL query strings.\n\n**Note:** This advisory covers the Cassandra CQL injection only. The Couchbase N1QL injection is tracked in a separate advisory per CVE rule 4.2.11.\n\n## Affected Code Pattern\n\n```go\n// Before (VULNERABLE) - e.g. cassandradb/user.go\nquery := fmt.Sprintf(\"SELECT ... FROM %s WHERE email = '%s'\", table, email)\nerr := p.db.Query(query).Scan(...)\n```\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n\n1. Deploy Authorizer \u003c= 2.0.0 with Cassandra backend\n2. Send a signup request with a CQL injection payload in the email field:\n\n```bash\ncurl -X POST http://localhost:8080/graphql \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  -d '{\"query\":\"mutation { signup(params: { email: \\\"test'\\\" }) { message } }\"}'\n```\n\n3. The single quote breaks out of the CQL string literal, causing a CQL parse error that leaks internal schema information\n4. Crafted payloads can manipulate query logic to bypass authentication or extract data\n\n## Affected Files (10 Cassandra files)\n\n| Package | File | Queries Fixed |\n|---------|------|--------------|\n| cassandradb | user.go | 7 |\n| cassandradb | otp.go | 4 |\n| cassandradb | session_token.go | 19 |\n| cassandradb | verification_requests.go | 4 |\n| cassandradb | authenticator.go | 3 |\n| cassandradb | email_template.go | 5 |\n| cassandradb | webhook.go | 5 |\n| cassandradb | webhook_log.go | 2 |\n| cassandradb | session.go | 1 |\n| cassandradb | env.go | 2 |\n\n## Impact\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker can inject arbitrary CQL operators through the email, phone, or token parameters on public-facing endpoints (signup, login, forgot_password, magic_link_login). This enables authentication bypass and data exfiltration from the Cassandra keyspace.\n\n## Proposed Fix\n\nUse parameterized queries:\n\n```go\n// After (FIXED)\nquery := fmt.Sprintf(\"SELECT ... FROM %s WHERE email = ?\", table)\nerr := p.db.Query(query, email).Scan(...)\n```\n\nFixed in https://github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer/pull/500 (merged 2026-03-27).","status":"published","published":"2026-04-06T17:56:31Z","modified":"2026-06-25T23:11:48.919942095Z","cvss":[{"version":"3.1","score":7.3,"vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L","level":"high"}],"cwes":["CWE-209","CWE-943"],"updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:46:50.336262Z"},{"id":"GO-2026-5467","title":"Authorizer: CQL/N1QL Injection in Cassandra and Couchbase Backends via fmt.Sprintf String Interpolation in github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer","description":"Authorizer: CQL/N1QL Injection in Cassandra and Couchbase Backends via fmt.Sprintf String Interpolation in github.com/authorizerdev/authorizer","status":"published","published":"2026-06-25T22:34:31Z","modified":"2026-06-25T23:01:13.547936818Z","updated_at":"2026-11-02T15:47:02.556545Z"}]}}