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CVE-2014-6278

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of...

10.0 HighIn KEVPublic exploitFix available

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

Exploit likelihood

99.7%Up 37.3 points since Feb 4, 2022
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List 8.8

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

Record
CVE-2014-6278
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-78
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2014-6163 8.8

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

Record
EUVD-2014-6163
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-6493-28fj-f93w 8.8

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of...

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

Record
GHSA-6493-28fj-f93w
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-78
Updated
2026-11-02
CISA KEV No score

GNU Bash OS Command Injection Vulnerability

GNU Bash contains an OS command injection vulnerability which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment.

Record
CVE-2014-6278
Weakness
CWE-78
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 8.8

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

Record
CVE-2014-6278
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS 2.0
10.0 HighAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
Weakness
CWE-78
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVDEBIAN-CVE-2014-6278 8.8

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

Record
DEBIAN-CVE-2014-6278
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
Show 8 moreShow less
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2014-6278 8.8

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2014-6278
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV No score

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

Record
CVE-2014-6278
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVMGASA-2014-0394 No score

Updated bash packages fix multiple security vulnerabilities

Updated bash packages fix security vulnerabilities:

Bash has been updated to version 4.2 patch level 50, which further mitigates ShellShock-type vulnerabilities. Two such issues have already been discovered (CVE-2014-6277, CVE-2014-6278).

See the RedHat article on the backward-incompatible changes introduced by the latest patch, caused by adding prefixes and suffixes to the variable names used for exporting functions. Note that the RedHat article mentions these variable names will have parentheses "()" at the end of their names, however, the latest upstream patch uses two percent signs "%%" at the end instead.

Two other unrelated security issues in the parser have also been fixed in this update (CVE-2014-7186, CVE-2014-7187).

Record
MGASA-2014-0394
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2024:10106-1 No score

bash-4.4-92.1 on GA media

These are all security issues fixed in the bash-4.4-92.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.

Record
openSUSE-SU-2024:10106-1
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVSUSE-SU-2016:2872-1 No score

Security update for bash

This update for bash fixes the following issues:

  • CVE-2016-7543: Local attackers could have executed arbitrary commands via specially crafted SHELLOPTS+PS4 variables (bsc#1001299)
  • CVE-2016-0634: Malicious hostnames could have allowed arbitrary command execution when $HOSTNAME was expanded in the prompt (bsc#1000396)
  • CVE-2014-6277: More troubles with functions (bsc#898812, bsc#1001759)
  • CVE-2014-6278: Code execution after original 6271 fix (bsc#898884)
Record
SUSE-SU-2016:2872-1
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVSUSE-SU-2017:2699-1 No score

Security update for SLES 12 Docker image

The SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 container image has been updated to include security and stability fixes.

The following issues related to building of the container images have been fixed:

  • Included krb5 package to avoid the inclusion of krb5-mini which gets selected as a dependency by the Build Service solver. (bsc#1056193)
  • Do not install recommended packages when building container images. (bsc#975726)

A number of security issues that have been already fixed by updates released for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 are now included in the base image. A package/CVE cross-reference is available below.

pam:

  • CVE-2015-3238

libtasn1:

  • CVE-2015-3622
  • CVE-2016-4008

libidn:

  • CVE-2015-2059
  • CVE-2015-8948
  • CVE-2016-6261
  • CVE-2016-6262
  • CVE-2016-6263

zlib:

  • CVE-2016-9840
  • CVE-2016-9841
  • CVE-2016-9842
  • CVE-2016-9843

curl:

  • CVE-2016-5419
  • CVE-2016-5420
  • CVE-2016-5421
  • CVE-2016-7141
  • CVE-2016-7167
  • CVE-2016-8615
  • CVE-2016-8616
  • CVE-2016-8617
  • CVE-2016-8618
  • CVE-2016-8619
  • CVE-2016-8620
  • CVE-2016-8621
  • CVE-2016-8622
  • CVE-2016-8623
  • CVE-2016-8624
  • CVE-2016-9586
  • CVE-2017-1000100
  • CVE-2017-1000101
  • CVE-2017-7407

openssl:

  • CVE-2016-2105
  • CVE-2016-2106
  • CVE-2016-2107
  • CVE-2016-2108
  • CVE-2016-2109
  • CVE-2016-2177
  • CVE-2016-2178
  • CVE-2016-2179
  • CVE-2016-2180
  • CVE-2016-2181
  • CVE-2016-2182
  • CVE-2016-2183
  • CVE-2016-6302
  • CVE-2016-6303
  • CVE-2016-6304
  • CVE-2016-6306

libxml2:

  • CVE-2014-0191
  • CVE-2015-8806
  • CVE-2016-1762
  • CVE-2016-1833
  • CVE-2016-1834
  • CVE-2016-1835
  • CVE-2016-1837
  • CVE-2016-1838
  • CVE-2016-1839
  • CVE-2016-1840
  • CVE-2016-2073
  • CVE-2016-3627
  • CVE-2016-3705
  • CVE-2016-4447
  • CVE-2016-4448
  • CVE-2016-4449
  • CVE-2016-4483
  • CVE-2016-4658
  • CVE-2016-9318
  • CVE-2016-9597
  • CVE-2017-9047
  • CVE-2017-9048
  • CVE-2017-9049
  • CVE-2017-9050

util-linux:

  • CVE-2015-5218
  • CVE-2016-5011
  • CVE-2017-2616

cracklib:

  • CVE-2016-6318

systemd:

  • CVE-2014-9770
  • CVE-2015-8842
  • CVE-2016-7796

pcre:

  • CVE-2014-8964
  • CVE-2015-2325
  • CVE-2015-2327
  • CVE-2015-2328
  • CVE-2015-3210
  • CVE-2015-3217
  • CVE-2015-5073
  • CVE-2015-8380
  • CVE-2015-8381
  • CVE-2015-8382
  • CVE-2015-8383
  • CVE-2015-8384
  • CVE-2015-8385
  • CVE-2015-8386
  • CVE-2015-8387
  • CVE-2015-8388
  • CVE-2015-8389
  • CVE-2015-8390
  • CVE-2015-8391
  • CVE-2015-8392
  • CVE-2015-8393
  • CVE-2015-8394
  • CVE-2015-8395
  • CVE-2016-1283
  • CVE-2016-3191

appamor:

  • CVE-2017-6507

bash:

  • CVE-2014-6277
  • CVE-2014-6278
  • CVE-2016-0634
  • CVE-2016-7543

cpio:

  • CVE-2016-2037

glibc:

  • CVE-2016-1234
  • CVE-2016-3075
  • CVE-2016-3706
  • CVE-2016-4429
  • CVE-2017-1000366

perl:

  • CVE-2015-8853
  • CVE-2016-1238
  • CVE-2016-2381
  • CVE-2016-6185

libssh2_org:

  • CVE-2016-0787

expat:

  • CVE-2012-6702
  • CVE-2015-1283
  • CVE-2016-0718
  • CVE-2016-5300
  • CVE-2016-9063
  • CVE-2017-9233

ncurses:

  • CVE-2017-10684
  • CVE-2017-10685
  • CVE-2017-11112
  • CVE-2017-11113

libksba:

  • CVE-2016-4574
  • CVE-2016-4579

libgcrypt:

  • CVE-2015-7511
  • CVE-2016-6313
  • CVE-2017-7526

dbus-1:

  • CVE-2014-7824
  • CVE-2015-0245

Finally, the following packages received non-security fixes:

  • augeas
  • bzip2
  • ca-certificates-mozilla
  • coreutils
  • cryptsetup
  • cyrus-sasl
  • dirmngr
  • e2fsprogs
  • findutils
  • gpg2
  • insserv-compat
  • kmod
  • libcap
  • libsolv
  • libzypp
  • openldap2
  • p11-kit
  • permissions
  • procps
  • rpm
  • sed
  • shadow
  • zypper
Record
SUSE-SU-2017:2699-1
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVSUSE-SU-2017:2700-1 No score

Security update for SLES 12-SP1 Docker image

The SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1 container image has been updated to include security and stability fixes.

The following issues related to building of the container images have been fixed:

  • Included krb5 package to avoid the inclusion of krb5-mini which gets selected as a dependency by the Build Service solver. (bsc#1056193)
  • Do not install recommended packages when building container images. (bsc#975726)

A number of security issues that have been already fixed by updates released for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1 are now included in the base image. A package/CVE cross-reference is available below.

pam:

  • CVE-2015-3238

libtasn1:

  • CVE-2015-3622
  • CVE-2016-4008

expat:

expat:

  • CVE-2012-6702
  • CVE-2015-1283
  • CVE-2016-0718
  • CVE-2016-5300
  • CVE-2016-9063
  • CVE-2017-9233

libidn:

  • CVE-2015-2059
  • CVE-2015-8948
  • CVE-2016-6261
  • CVE-2016-6262
  • CVE-2016-6263

zlib:

  • CVE-2016-9840
  • CVE-2016-9841
  • CVE-2016-9842
  • CVE-2016-9843

curl:

  • CVE-2016-5419
  • CVE-2016-5420
  • CVE-2016-5421
  • CVE-2016-7141
  • CVE-2016-7167
  • CVE-2016-8615
  • CVE-2016-8616
  • CVE-2016-8617
  • CVE-2016-8618
  • CVE-2016-8619
  • CVE-2016-8620
  • CVE-2016-8621
  • CVE-2016-8622
  • CVE-2016-8623
  • CVE-2016-8624
  • CVE-2016-9586
  • CVE-2017-1000100
  • CVE-2017-1000101
  • CVE-2017-7407

openssl:

  • CVE-2016-2105
  • CVE-2016-2106
  • CVE-2016-2107
  • CVE-2016-2108
  • CVE-2016-2109
  • CVE-2016-2177
  • CVE-2016-2178
  • CVE-2016-2179
  • CVE-2016-2180
  • CVE-2016-2181
  • CVE-2016-2182
  • CVE-2016-2183
  • CVE-2016-6302
  • CVE-2016-6303
  • CVE-2016-6304
  • CVE-2016-6306
  • CVE-2016-7056
  • CVE-2016-8610
  • CVE-2017-3731

cracklib:

  • CVE-2016-6318

pcre:

  • CVE-2014-8964
  • CVE-2015-2325
  • CVE-2015-2327
  • CVE-2015-2328
  • CVE-2015-3210
  • CVE-2015-3217
  • CVE-2015-5073
  • CVE-2015-8380
  • CVE-2015-8381
  • CVE-2015-8382
  • CVE-2015-8383
  • CVE-2015-8384
  • CVE-2015-8385
  • CVE-2015-8386
  • CVE-2015-8387
  • CVE-2015-8388
  • CVE-2015-8389
  • CVE-2015-8390
  • CVE-2015-8391
  • CVE-2015-8392
  • CVE-2015-8393
  • CVE-2015-8394
  • CVE-2015-8395
  • CVE-2016-1283
  • CVE-2016-3191

appamor:

  • CVE-2017-6507

bash:

  • CVE-2014-6277
  • CVE-2014-6278
  • CVE-2016-0634
  • CVE-2016-7543

cpio:

  • CVE-2016-2037

glibc:

  • CVE-2016-1234
  • CVE-2016-3075
  • CVE-2016-3706
  • CVE-2016-4429
  • CVE-2017-1000366

perl:

  • CVE-2015-8853
  • CVE-2016-1238
  • CVE-2016-2381
  • CVE-2016-6185

libssh2_org:

  • CVE-2016-0787

util-linux:

  • CVE-2016-5011
  • CVE-2017-2616

ncurses:

  • CVE-2017-10684
  • CVE-2017-10685
  • CVE-2017-11112
  • CVE-2017-11113

libksba:

  • CVE-2016-4574
  • CVE-2016-4579

libxml2:

  • CVE-2014-0191
  • CVE-2015-8806
  • CVE-2016-1762
  • CVE-2016-1833
  • CVE-2016-1834
  • CVE-2016-1835
  • CVE-2016-1837
  • CVE-2016-1838
  • CVE-2016-1839
  • CVE-2016-1840
  • CVE-2016-2073
  • CVE-2016-3627
  • CVE-2016-3705
  • CVE-2016-4447
  • CVE-2016-4448
  • CVE-2016-4449
  • CVE-2016-4483
  • CVE-2016-4658
  • CVE-2016-9318
  • CVE-2016-9597
  • CVE-2017-9047
  • CVE-2017-9048
  • CVE-2017-9049
  • CVE-2017-9050

libgcrypt:

  • CVE-2015-7511
  • CVE-2016-6313
  • CVE-2017-7526

update-alternatives:

  • CVE-2015-0860

systemd:

  • CVE-2014-9770
  • CVE-2015-8842
  • CVE-2016-7796

dbus-1:

  • CVE-2014-7824
  • CVE-2015-0245

Finally, the following packages received non-security fixes:

  • augeas
  • bzip2
  • ca-certificates-mozilla
  • coreutils
  • cryptsetup
  • cyrus-sasl
  • dirmngr
  • e2fsprogs
  • findutils
  • gpg2
  • insserv-compat
  • kmod
  • libcap
  • libsolv
  • libzypp
  • lua51
  • lvm2
  • netcfg
  • p11-kit
  • permissions
  • procps
  • rpm
  • sed
  • sg3_utils
  • shadow
  • zypper
Record
SUSE-SU-2017:2700-1
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVUSN-2380-1 No score

bash vulnerabilities

Michal Zalewski discovered that Bash incorrectly handled parsing certain function definitions. If an attacker were able to create an environment variable containing a function definition with a very specific name, these issues could possibly be used to bypass certain environment restrictions and execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2014-6277, CVE-2014-6278)

Please note that the previous Bash security update, USN-2364-1, includes a hardening measure that prevents these issues from being used in a Shellshock attack.

Record
USN-2380-1
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
bash
Debian:12
 before 4.3-9.2
4.3-9.2
bash
Debian:13
 before 4.3-9.2
4.3-9.2
bash
Debian:14
 before 4.3-9.2
4.3-9.2
bash
Mageia:3
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
 before 4.2-50.2.mga3
4.2-50.2.mga3
bash
Mageia:4
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
 before 4.2-50.2.mga4
4.2-50.2.mga4
bash
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
 before 4.2-82.1
4.2-82.1
bash
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 12 SP1
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
 before 4.2-82.1
4.2-82.1
bash
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
 before 4.2-82.1
4.2-82.1
bash
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 12 SP1
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
 before 4.2-82.1
4.2-82.1
bash
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 12 SP1
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
 before 4.2-82.1
4.2-82.1
bash
Ubuntu:14.04:LTS
 before 4.3-7ubuntu1.5, plus listed versions
4.2-5ubuntu34.3-1ubuntu24.3-2ubuntu14.3-3ubuntu14.3-4ubuntu1
Show 7 moreShow less
4.3-4ubuntu24.3-6ubuntu14.3-7ubuntu14.3-7ubuntu1.14.3-7ubuntu1.24.3-7ubuntu1.34.3-7ubuntu1.4
4.3-7ubuntu1.5
bash
Ubuntu:14.04:LTS
From an advisory covering 2 CVEs
 before 4.3-7ubuntu1.5, plus listed versions
4.2-5ubuntu34.3-1ubuntu24.3-2ubuntu14.3-3ubuntu14.3-4ubuntu1
Show 7 moreShow less
4.3-4ubuntu24.3-6ubuntu14.3-7ubuntu14.3-7ubuntu1.14.3-7ubuntu1.24.3-7ubuntu1.34.3-7ubuntu1.4
4.3-7ubuntu1.5
bash
openSUSE:Tumbleweed
From an advisory covering 8 CVEs
 before 7.0-92.1
7.0-92.1

Public exploits

Links only. Every CVE stores no exploit code.

Public exploits
SourceLinkDate
MetasploitApache mod_cgi Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock)2014-09-24
MetasploitCUPS Filter Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock)2014-09-24
Exploit-DBdhclient 4.1 - Bash Environment Variable Command Injection (Shellshock)2014-09-29
Exploit-DBGNU bash 4.3.11 - Environment Variable dhclient2014-10-02
Exploit-DBApache mod_cgi - 'Shellshock' Remote Command Injection2014-10-06
Exploit-DBCisco UCS Manager 2.1(1b) - Remote Command Injection (Shellshock)2016-03-16
Exploit-DBSun Secure Global Desktop and Oracle Global Desktop 4.61.915 - Command Injection (Shellshock)2016-06-06
MetasploitApache mod_cgi Bash Environment Variable Injection (Shellshock) Scanner2014-09-24

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
affected
exploitation, exploits
first indexedCVE List, EUVD, Exploit-DB, GitHub Advisories, CISA KEV, Metasploit, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2014-6278 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 10.0) in Gnu Bash, published September 30, 2014. CISA lists it as known to be exploited, since October 2, 2025. EUVD reports exploitation since October 2, 2025. Public exploit code exists. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 99.7%, the 99th percentile. Fixed in bash 4.3-9.2.

References

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Left out here: 84 references. The JSON record has them.

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