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CVE-2018-3728

Prototype Pollution in hoek

8.8 HighFix available

hoek node module before 4.2.0 and 5.0.x before 5.0.3 suffers from a Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) vulnerability via 'merge' and 'applyToDefaults' functions, which allows a malicious user to modify the prototype of "Object" via proto, causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
Low
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Exploit likelihood

4.19%Down 2.8 points since Apr 14, 2021
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

NVD Score used 8.8

hoek node module before 4.2.0 and 5.0.x before 5.0.3 suffers from a Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) vulnerability via 'merge' and 'applyToDefaults' functions, which allows a malicious user to modify the prototype of "Object" via proto, causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.

Record
CVE-2018-3728
CVSS 3.0
8.8 HighCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS 2.0
6.5 MediumAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
Weakness
CWE-471
Updated
2026-11-02
CVE List No score

hoek node module before 4.2.0 and 5.0.x before 5.0.3 suffers from a Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) vulnerability via 'merge' and 'applyToDefaults' functions, which allows a malicious user to modify the prototype of "Object" via proto, causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.

Record
CVE-2018-3728
Weakness
CWE-471
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2018-0190 No score

hoek node module before 4.2.0 and 5.0.x before 5.0.3 suffers from a Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) vulnerability via 'merge' and 'applyToDefaults' functions, which allows a malicious user to modify the prototype of "Object" via proto, causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.

Record
EUVD-2018-0190
Updated
2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-jp4x-w63m-7wgm 8.8

Prototype Pollution in hoek

Versions of hoek prior to 4.2.1 and 5.0.3 are vulnerable to prototype pollution.

The merge function, and the applyToDefaults and applyToDefaultsWithShallow functions which leverage merge behind the scenes, are vulnerable to a prototype pollution attack when provided an unvalidated payload created from a JSON string containing the __proto__ property.

This can be demonstrated like so:

var Hoek = require('hoek');
var malicious_payload = '{"__proto__":{"oops":"It works !"}}';

var a = {};
console.log("Before : " + a.oops);
Hoek.merge({}, JSON.parse(malicious_payload));
console.log("After : " + a.oops);

This type of attack can be used to overwrite existing properties causing a potential denial of service.

Recommendation

Update to version 4.2.1, 5.0.3 or later.

Record
GHSA-jp4x-w63m-7wgm
CVSS 3.0
8.8 HighCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-1321
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV 8.8

hoek node module before 4.2.0 and 5.0.x before 5.0.3 suffers from a Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) vulnerability via 'merge' and 'applyToDefaults' functions, which allows a malicious user to modify the prototype of "Object" via proto, causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.

Record
CVE-2018-3728
CVSS 3.0
8.8 HighCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVDEBIAN-CVE-2018-3728 8.8

hoek node module before 4.2.0 and 5.0.x before 5.0.3 suffers from a Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) vulnerability via 'merge' and 'applyToDefaults' functions, which allows a malicious user to modify the prototype of "Object" via proto, causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.

Record
DEBIAN-CVE-2018-3728
CVSS 3.0
8.8 HighCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
Show 9 moreShow less
OSVGHSA-jp4x-w63m-7wgm 8.8

Prototype Pollution in hoek

Versions of hoek prior to 4.2.1 and 5.0.3 are vulnerable to prototype pollution.

The merge function, and the applyToDefaults and applyToDefaultsWithShallow functions which leverage merge behind the scenes, are vulnerable to a prototype pollution attack when provided an unvalidated payload created from a JSON string containing the __proto__ property.

This can be demonstrated like so:

var Hoek = require('hoek');
var malicious_payload = '{"__proto__":{"oops":"It works !"}}';

var a = {};
console.log("Before : " + a.oops);
Hoek.merge({}, JSON.parse(malicious_payload));
console.log("After : " + a.oops);

This type of attack can be used to overwrite existing properties causing a potential denial of service.

Recommendation

Update to version 4.2.1, 5.0.3 or later.

Record
GHSA-jp4x-w63m-7wgm
CVSS 3.0
8.8 HighCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-1321
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVRHSA-2018:1263 5.3

Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Mobile Application Platform 4.6.0 release - RPMs

Record
RHSA-2018:1263
CVSS 3.0
5.3 MediumCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2018-3728 8.8

hoek node module before 4.2.0 and 5.0.x before 5.0.3 suffers from a Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) vulnerability via 'merge' and 'applyToDefaults' functions, which allows a malicious user to modify the prototype of "Object" via proto, causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.

Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2018-3728
CVSS 3.0
8.8 HighCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1772583211 No score

TuxCare security update for hoek (2 CVEs)

TuxCare rebuilt hoek to address 2 CVEs. Fixed in 2.16.3-tuxcare.1.

Record
CLSA-2026-1772583211
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1773015267 No score

TuxCare security update for hoek (2 CVEs)

TuxCare rebuilt hoek to address 2 CVEs. Fixed in 2.11.1-tuxcare.1.

Record
CLSA-2026-1773015267
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1773274552 No score

TuxCare security update for hoek (2 CVEs)

TuxCare rebuilt hoek to address 2 CVEs. Fixed in 2.14.0-tuxcare.1.

Record
CLSA-2026-1773274552
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1773274559 No score

TuxCare security update for hoek (2 CVEs)

TuxCare rebuilt hoek to address 2 CVEs. Fixed in 2.12.0-tuxcare.1.

Record
CLSA-2026-1773274559
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1774743819 No score

TuxCare security update for hoek (2 CVEs)

TuxCare rebuilt hoek to address 2 CVEs. Fixed in 0.8.5-tuxcare.1.

Record
CLSA-2026-1774743819
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1774743820 No score

TuxCare security update for hoek (2 CVEs)

TuxCare rebuilt hoek to address 2 CVEs. Fixed in 0.9.1-tuxcare.1.

Record
CLSA-2026-1774743820
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
hoek
npm
5.0.0 up to 5.0.3
5.0.3
hoek
npm
before 4.2.1
4.2.1
hoek
TuxCare:npm
2.16.3-tuxcare.0 up to 2.16.3-tuxcare.1, plus listed versions
2.16.3
2.16.3-tuxcare.1
hoek
TuxCare:npm
2.11.1-tuxcare.0 up to 2.11.1-tuxcare.1, plus listed versions
2.11.1
2.11.1-tuxcare.1
hoek
TuxCare:npm
2.14.0-tuxcare.0 up to 2.14.0-tuxcare.1, plus listed versions
2.14.0
2.14.0-tuxcare.1
hoek
TuxCare:npm
2.12.0-tuxcare.0 up to 2.12.0-tuxcare.1, plus listed versions
2.12.0
2.12.0-tuxcare.1
hoek
TuxCare:npm
0.8.5-tuxcare.0 up to 0.8.5-tuxcare.1, plus listed versions
0.8.5
0.8.5-tuxcare.1
hoek
TuxCare:npm
0.9.1-tuxcare.0 up to 0.9.1-tuxcare.1, plus listed versions
0.9.1
0.9.1-tuxcare.1
node-hoek
Debian:12
before 5.0.3-1
5.0.3-1
node-hoek
Debian:13
before 5.0.3-1
5.0.3-1
Show 95 moreShow less
Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
node-hoek
Debian:14
before 5.0.3-1
5.0.3-1
fh-system-dump-tool
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:1.0.0-5.el7
0:1.0.0-5.el7
fping
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:3.10-4.el7map
0:3.10-4.el7map
fping-debuginfo
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:3.10-4.el7map
0:3.10-4.el7map
nagios
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:4.0.8-8.el7map
0:4.0.8-8.el7map
nagios-common
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:4.0.8-8.el7map
0:4.0.8-8.el7map
nagios-debuginfo
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:4.0.8-8.el7map
0:4.0.8-8.el7map
nagios-devel
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:4.0.8-8.el7map
0:4.0.8-8.el7map
nagios-plugins
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-all
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-apt
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-breeze
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-by_ssh
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-cluster
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-dbi
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-debuginfo
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-dhcp
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-dig
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-disk
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-disk_smb
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-dns
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-dummy
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-file_age
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-flexlm
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-fping
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-game
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-hpjd
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-http
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-icmp
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-ide_smart
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-ifoperstatus
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-ifstatus
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-ircd
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-ldap
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-load
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-log
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-mailq
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-mrtg
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-mrtgtraf
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-mysql
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-nagios
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-nt
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-ntp
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-ntp-perl
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-nwstat
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-oracle
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-overcr
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-perl
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-pgsql
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-ping
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-procs
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-radius
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-real
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-rpc
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-sensors
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-smtp
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-snmp
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-ssh
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-swap
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-tcp
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-time
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-ups
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-uptime
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-users
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
nagios-plugins-wave
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.0.3-3.el7map
0:2.0.3-3.el7map
perl-Crypt-CBC
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.33-2.el7map
0:2.33-2.el7map
perl-Crypt-DES
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.05-20.el7map
0:2.05-20.el7map
perl-Crypt-DES-debuginfo
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.05-20.el7map
0:2.05-20.el7map
perl-Net-SNMP
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:6.0.1-7.el7map
0:6.0.1-7.el7map
phantomjs
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:1.9.7-3.el7map
0:1.9.7-3.el7map
phantomjs-debuginfo
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:1.9.7-3.el7map
0:1.9.7-3.el7map
python-meld3
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:0.6.10-1.el7map
0:0.6.10-1.el7map
python-meld3-debuginfo
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:0.6.10-1.el7map
0:0.6.10-1.el7map
qstat
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.11-13.20080912svn311.el7map
0:2.11-13.20080912svn311.el7map
qstat-debuginfo
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.11-13.20080912svn311.el7map
0:2.11-13.20080912svn311.el7map
radiusclient-ng
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:0.5.6-9.el7map
0:0.5.6-9.el7map
radiusclient-ng-debuginfo
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:0.5.6-9.el7map
0:0.5.6-9.el7map
radiusclient-ng-devel
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:0.5.6-9.el7map
0:0.5.6-9.el7map
radiusclient-ng-utils
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:0.5.6-9.el7map
0:0.5.6-9.el7map
redis
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.8.21-2.el7map
0:2.8.21-2.el7map
redis-debuginfo
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.8.21-2.el7map
0:2.8.21-2.el7map
rhmap-fh-openshift-templates
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:4.6.0-5.el7
0:4.6.0-5.el7
rhmap-mod_authnz_external
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:3.3.1-7.el7map
0:3.3.1-7.el7map
rhmap-mod_authnz_external-debuginfo
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:3.3.1-7.el7map
0:3.3.1-7.el7map
sendEmail
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:1.56-2.el7
0:1.56-2.el7
ssmtp
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.64-14.el7map
0:2.64-14.el7map
ssmtp-debuginfo
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:2.64-14.el7map
0:2.64-14.el7map
supervisor
Red Hat:mobile_application_platform:4.6
before 0:3.1.3-3.el7map
0:3.1.3-3.el7map
node-hoek
Ubuntu:18.04:LTS
All versions, plus listed versions
4.1.0-2
None known
node-hoek
Ubuntu:20.04:LTS
All versions, plus listed versions
8.2.4+~4.2.1+~3.3.1-38.5.0+~4.2.1+~3.3.1-1
None known
node-hoek
Ubuntu:22.04:LTS
All versions, plus listed versions
9.1.0+~cs10.1.0-1
None known
node-hoek
Ubuntu:24.04:LTS
All versions, plus listed versions
10.0.1+~cs12.0.0-1
None known
node-hoek
Ubuntu:25.10
All versions, plus listed versions
10.0.1+~cs12.0.0-1
None known
node-hoek
Ubuntu:26.10
All versions, plus listed versions
10.0.1+~cs12.0.0-111.0.7+~cs12.0.2-1
None known
node-hoek
Ubuntu:26.04:LTS
All versions, plus listed versions
10.0.1+~cs12.0.0-1
None known

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
aliasesEUVD
first indexedCVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2018-3728 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 8.8) in Hapi Hoek Node Module, published March 30, 2018. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 4.19%, the 90th percentile. Fixed in hoek 5.0.3.

References

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