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CVE-2021-28032

Use after free in nano_arena

9.8 CriticalFix available

An issue was discovered in the nano_arena crate before 0.5.2 for Rust. There is an aliasing violation in split_at because two mutable references can exist for the same element, if Borrow<Idx> behaves in certain ways. This can have a resultant out-of-bounds write or use-after-free.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Exploit likelihood

1.53%Up 1.1 points since Apr 14, 2021
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

NVD Score used 9.8

An issue was discovered in the nano_arena crate before 0.5.2 for Rust. There is an aliasing violation in split_at because two mutable references can exist for the same element, if Borrow<Idx> behaves in certain ways. This can have a resultant out-of-bounds write or use-after-free.

Record
CVE-2021-28032
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS 2.0
7.5 HighAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
Updated
2026-11-02
CVE List No score

An issue was discovered in the nano_arena crate before 0.5.2 for Rust. There is an aliasing violation in split_at because two mutable references can exist for the same element, if Borrow<Idx> behaves in certain ways. This can have a resultant out-of-bounds write or use-after-free.

Record
CVE-2021-28032
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2021-1918 No score

An issue was discovered in the nano_arena crate before 0.5.2 for Rust. There is an aliasing violation in split_at because two mutable references can exist for the same element, if Borrow<Idx> behaves in certain ways. This can have a resultant out-of-bounds write or use-after-free.

Record
EUVD-2021-1918
Updated
2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-wp34-mqw5-jj85 9.8

Use after free in nano_arena

Affected versions of this crate assumed that Borrow<Idx> was guaranteed to return the same value on .borrow(). The borrowed index value was used to retrieve a mutable reference to a value.

If the Borrow<Idx> implementation returned a different index, the split arena would allow retrieving the index as a mutable reference creating two mutable references to the same element. This violates Rust's aliasing rules and allows for memory safety issues such as writing out of bounds and use-after-frees.

The flaw was corrected in commit 6b83f9d by storing the .borrow() value in a temporary variable.

Record
GHSA-wp34-mqw5-jj85
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-416
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-wp34-mqw5-jj85 9.8

Use after free in nano_arena

Affected versions of this crate assumed that Borrow<Idx> was guaranteed to return the same value on .borrow(). The borrowed index value was used to retrieve a mutable reference to a value.

If the Borrow<Idx> implementation returned a different index, the split arena would allow retrieving the index as a mutable reference creating two mutable references to the same element. This violates Rust's aliasing rules and allows for memory safety issues such as writing out of bounds and use-after-frees.

The flaw was corrected in commit 6b83f9d by storing the .borrow() value in a temporary variable.

Record
GHSA-wp34-mqw5-jj85
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-416
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVRUSTSEC-2021-0031 9.8

split_at allows obtaining multiple mutable references to the same data

Affected versions of this crate assumed that Borrow<Idx> was guaranteed to return the same value on .borrow(). The borrowed index value was used to retrieve a mutable reference to a value.

If the Borrow<Idx> implementation returned a different index, the split arena would allow retrieving the index as a mutable reference creating two mutable references to the same element. This violates Rust's aliasing rules and allows for memory safety issues such as writing out of bounds and use-after-frees.

The flaw was corrected in commit 6b83f9d by storing the .borrow() value in a temporary variable.

Record
RUSTSEC-2021-0031
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
nano_arena
crates.io
before 0.5.2
0.5.2
nano_arena
crates.io
0.0.0-0 up to 0.5.2
0.5.2

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
aliasesEUVD
first indexedCVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2021-28032 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.8) in Nano Arena Project Arena, published January 31, 2021. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 1.53%, the 74th percentile. Fixed in nano_arena 0.5.2.

References

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