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CVE-2021-28663

The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU...

8.8 HighIn KEVPublic exploitFix available

The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
Low
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Exploit likelihood

12.1%Up 11.5 points since May 11, 2021
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

NVD Score used 8.8

The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.

Record
CVE-2021-28663
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS 2.0
9.0 HighAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C
Weakness
CWE-416
Updated
2026-11-02
CVE List 8.8

The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.

Record
CVE-2021-28663
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-416
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2021-15327 8.8

The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.

Record
EUVD-2021-15327
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-2rc2-892p-6hc2 8.8

The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU...

The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.

Record
GHSA-2rc2-892p-6hc2
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-416
Updated
2026-11-02
CISA KEV No score

Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Use-After-Free Vulnerability

Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) kernel driver contains a use-after-free vulnerability that may allow a non-privileged user to make improper operations on GPU memory to gain root privilege, and/or disclose information.

Record
CVE-2021-28663
Weakness
CWE-416
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVASB-A-174259860 No score

In kbase_mem_from_user_buffer of mali_kbase_mem_linux.c, there is a possible remapping of shared read-only memory as write-able due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Record
ASB-A-174259860
Updated
2026-11-05

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
:unknown:
Android
SoCVersion:0 up to SoCVersion:2021-05-05, plus listed versions
SoCVersion
SoCVersion:2021-05-05

Public exploits

Links only. Every CVE stores no exploit code.

Public exploits
SourceLinkDate
PoC in GitHublntrx/CVE-2021-286632021-09-01

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
exploitation
first indexedCVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, CISA KEV, NVD, OSV, PoC in GitHub

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2021-28663 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 8.8) in Arm Bifrost Gpu Kernel Driver, published May 1, 2021. CISA lists it as known to be exploited, since November 3, 2021. EUVD reports exploitation since November 3, 2021. Public exploit code exists. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 12.1%, the 96th percentile. Fixed in :unknown: SoCVersion:2021-05-05.

References

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