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CVE-2021-32701

Possible bypass of token claim validation when OAuth2 Introspection caching is enabled

7.5 HighFix available

ORY Oathkeeper is an Identity & Access Proxy (IAP) and Access Control Decision API that authorizes HTTP requests based on sets of Access Rules. When you make a request to an endpoint that requires the scope foo using an access token granted with that foo scope, introspection will be valid and that token will be cached. The problem comes when a second requests to an endpoint that requires the scope bar is made before the cache has expired. Whether the token is granted or not to the bar scope, introspection will be valid. A patch will be released with v0.38.12-beta.1. Per default, caching is disabled for the oauth2_introspection authenticator. When caching is disabled, this vulnerability does not exist. The cache is checked in func (a *AuthenticatorOAuth2Introspection) Authenticate(...). From tokenFromCache() it seems that it only validates the token expiration date, but ignores whether the token has or not the proper scopes. The vulnerability was introduced in PR #424. During review, we failed to require appropriate test coverage by the submitter which is the primary reason that the vulnerability passed the review process.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Exploit likelihood

1.63%Up 0.8 points since Jun 23, 2021
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 7.5

Possible bypass of token claim validation when OAuth2 Introspection caching is enabled

ORY Oathkeeper is an Identity & Access Proxy (IAP) and Access Control Decision API that authorizes HTTP requests based on sets of Access Rules. When you make a request to an endpoint that requires the scope foo using an access token granted with that foo scope, introspection will be valid and that token will be cached. The problem comes when a second requests to an endpoint that requires the scope bar is made before the cache has expired. Whether the token is granted or not to the bar scope, introspection will be valid. A patch will be released with v0.38.12-beta.1. Per default, caching is disabled for the oauth2_introspection authenticator. When caching is disabled, this vulnerability does not exist. The cache is checked in func (a *AuthenticatorOAuth2Introspection) Authenticate(...). From tokenFromCache() it seems that it only validates the token expiration date, but ignores whether the token has or not the proper scopes. The vulnerability was introduced in PR #424. During review, we failed to require appropriate test coverage by the submitter which is the primary reason that the vulnerability passed the review process.

Record
CVE-2021-32701
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Weakness
CWE-863
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2021-1410 7.5

ORY Oathkeeper is an Identity & Access Proxy (IAP) and Access Control Decision API that authorizes HTTP requests based on sets of Access Rules. When you make a request to an endpoint that requires the scope foo using an access token granted with that foo scope, introspection will be valid and that token will be cached. The problem comes when a second requests to an endpoint that requires the scope bar is made before the cache has expired. Whether the token is granted or not to the bar scope, introspection will be valid. A patch will be released with v0.38.12-beta.1. Per default, caching is disabled for the oauth2_introspection authenticator. When caching is disabled, this vulnerability does not exist. The cache is checked in func (a *AuthenticatorOAuth2Introspection) Authenticate(...). From tokenFromCache() it seems that it only validates the token expiration date, but ignores whether the token has or not the proper scopes. The vulnerability was introduced in PR #424. During review, we failed to require appropriate test coverage by the submitter which is the primary reason that the vulnerability passed the review process.

Record
EUVD-2021-1410
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Updated
2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-qvp4-rpmr-xwrr 7.5

Possible bypass of token claim validation when OAuth2 Introspection caching is enabled

Impact

When you make a request to an endpoint that requires the scope foo using an access token granted with that foo scope, introspection will be valid and that token will be cached. The problem comes when a second requests to an endpoint that requires the scope bar is made before the cache has expired. Whether the token is granted or not to the bar scope, introspection will be valid.

Patches

A patch will be released with v0.38.12-beta.1.

Workarounds

Per default, caching is disabled for the oauth2_introspection authenticator. When caching is disabled, this vulnerability does not exist.

Trace

The cache is checked in func (a *AuthenticatorOAuth2Introspection) Authenticate(...). From tokenFromCache() it seems that it only validates the token expiration date, but ignores whether the token has or not the proper scopes.

Post-Mortem

The vulnerability was introduced in PR #424. During review, we failed to require appropriate test coverage by the submitter which is the primary reason that the vulnerability passed the review process.

To avoid this from happening again we enabled codecov with a strict policy on the Ory Oathkeeper repository: Without an increase in code coverage the PR can not be merged.

To address this issue and any regressions we have added a test suite ensuring that the cache behaviour is correct in the different scenarios:

  • Scope strategy is none, cache is enabled, and requested_scope is not empty -> cache will not be used;
  • Scope strategy is none, cache is enabled, and requested_scope is empty -> cache will be used;
  • Scope strategy is not none, cache is enabled, and requested_scope is not empty -> cache will be used;

as well as validating if iss, aud, exp, token_use, and scope are validated.

Additionally, we added CodeQL scanning to the CI.

Record
GHSA-qvp4-rpmr-xwrr
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Weakness
CWE-863
Updated
2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-vfvf-6gx5-mqv6 7.5

Incorrect Authorization in ORY Oathkeeper

ORY Oathkeeper is an Identity & Access Proxy (IAP) and Access Control Decision API that authorizes HTTP requests based on sets of Access Rules. When you make a request to an endpoint that requires the scope foo using an access token granted with that foo scope, introspection will be valid and that token will be cached. The problem comes when a second requests to an endpoint that requires the scope bar is made before the cache has expired. Whether the token is granted or not to the bar scope, introspection will be valid. A patch will be released with v0.38.12-beta.1. Per default, caching is disabled for the oauth2_introspection authenticator. When caching is disabled, this vulnerability does not exist. The cache is checked in func (a *AuthenticatorOAuth2Introspection) Authenticate(...). From tokenFromCache() it seems that it only validates the token expiration date, but ignores whether the token has or not the proper scopes. The vulnerability was introduced in PR #424. During review, we failed to require appropriate test coverage by the submitter which is the primary reason that the vulnerability passed the review process.

Record
GHSA-vfvf-6gx5-mqv6
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Weakness
CWE-863
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 7.5

ORY Oathkeeper is an Identity & Access Proxy (IAP) and Access Control Decision API that authorizes HTTP requests based on sets of Access Rules. When you make a request to an endpoint that requires the scope foo using an access token granted with that foo scope, introspection will be valid and that token will be cached. The problem comes when a second requests to an endpoint that requires the scope bar is made before the cache has expired. Whether the token is granted or not to the bar scope, introspection will be valid. A patch will be released with v0.38.12-beta.1. Per default, caching is disabled for the oauth2_introspection authenticator. When caching is disabled, this vulnerability does not exist. The cache is checked in func (a *AuthenticatorOAuth2Introspection) Authenticate(...). From tokenFromCache() it seems that it only validates the token expiration date, but ignores whether the token has or not the proper scopes. The vulnerability was introduced in PR #424. During review, we failed to require appropriate test coverage by the submitter which is the primary reason that the vulnerability passed the review process.

Record
CVE-2021-32701
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CVSS 2.0
4.3 MediumAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N
Weakness
CWE-863
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV 7.5

ORY Oathkeeper is an Identity & Access Proxy (IAP) and Access Control Decision API that authorizes HTTP requests based on sets of Access Rules. When you make a request to an endpoint that requires the scope foo using an access token granted with that foo scope, introspection will be valid and that token will be cached. The problem comes when a second requests to an endpoint that requires the scope bar is made before the cache has expired. Whether the token is granted or not to the bar scope, introspection will be valid. A patch will be released with v0.38.12-beta.1. Per default, caching is disabled for the oauth2_introspection authenticator. When caching is disabled, this vulnerability does not exist. The cache is checked in func (a *AuthenticatorOAuth2Introspection) Authenticate(...). From tokenFromCache() it seems that it only validates the token expiration date, but ignores whether the token has or not the proper scopes. The vulnerability was introduced in PR #424. During review, we failed to require appropriate test coverage by the submitter which is the primary reason that the vulnerability passed the review process.

Record
CVE-2021-32701
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Updated
2026-11-02
Show 4 moreShow less
OSVGHSA-qvp4-rpmr-xwrr 7.5

Possible bypass of token claim validation when OAuth2 Introspection caching is enabled

Impact

When you make a request to an endpoint that requires the scope foo using an access token granted with that foo scope, introspection will be valid and that token will be cached. The problem comes when a second requests to an endpoint that requires the scope bar is made before the cache has expired. Whether the token is granted or not to the bar scope, introspection will be valid.

Patches

A patch will be released with v0.38.12-beta.1.

Workarounds

Per default, caching is disabled for the oauth2_introspection authenticator. When caching is disabled, this vulnerability does not exist.

Trace

The cache is checked in func (a *AuthenticatorOAuth2Introspection) Authenticate(...). From tokenFromCache() it seems that it only validates the token expiration date, but ignores whether the token has or not the proper scopes.

Post-Mortem

The vulnerability was introduced in PR #424. During review, we failed to require appropriate test coverage by the submitter which is the primary reason that the vulnerability passed the review process.

To avoid this from happening again we enabled codecov with a strict policy on the Ory Oathkeeper repository: Without an increase in code coverage the PR can not be merged.

To address this issue and any regressions we have added a test suite ensuring that the cache behaviour is correct in the different scenarios:

  • Scope strategy is none, cache is enabled, and requested_scope is not empty -> cache will not be used;
  • Scope strategy is none, cache is enabled, and requested_scope is empty -> cache will be used;
  • Scope strategy is not none, cache is enabled, and requested_scope is not empty -> cache will be used;

as well as validating if iss, aud, exp, token_use, and scope are validated.

Additionally, we added CodeQL scanning to the CI.

Record
GHSA-qvp4-rpmr-xwrr
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Weakness
CWE-863
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-vfvf-6gx5-mqv6 7.5

Incorrect Authorization in ORY Oathkeeper

ORY Oathkeeper is an Identity & Access Proxy (IAP) and Access Control Decision API that authorizes HTTP requests based on sets of Access Rules. When you make a request to an endpoint that requires the scope foo using an access token granted with that foo scope, introspection will be valid and that token will be cached. The problem comes when a second requests to an endpoint that requires the scope bar is made before the cache has expired. Whether the token is granted or not to the bar scope, introspection will be valid. A patch will be released with v0.38.12-beta.1. Per default, caching is disabled for the oauth2_introspection authenticator. When caching is disabled, this vulnerability does not exist. The cache is checked in func (a *AuthenticatorOAuth2Introspection) Authenticate(...). From tokenFromCache() it seems that it only validates the token expiration date, but ignores whether the token has or not the proper scopes. The vulnerability was introduced in PR #424. During review, we failed to require appropriate test coverage by the submitter which is the primary reason that the vulnerability passed the review process.

Record
GHSA-vfvf-6gx5-mqv6
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Weakness
CWE-863
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGO-2022-0406 No score

Possible bypass of token claim validation when OAuth2 Introspection caching is enabled in github.com/ory/oathkeeper

Possible bypass of token claim validation when OAuth2 Introspection caching is enabled in github.com/ory/oathkeeper

Record
GO-2022-0406
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGO-2022-0920 No score

Incorrect Authorization in ORY Oathkeeper in github.com/ory/oathkeeper

Incorrect Authorization in ORY Oathkeeper in github.com/ory/oathkeeper

Record
GO-2022-0920
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
github.com/ory/oathkeeper
Go
0.38.0-beta.2 to 0.38.11-beta.1
0.38.12-beta.1
github.com/ory/oathkeeper
Go
0.38.0-beta.2 up to 0.38.12-beta.1
0.38.12-beta.1

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
aliasesEUVD
first indexedCVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2021-32701 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 7.5) in Ory Oathkeeper, published June 22, 2021. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 1.63%, the 76th percentile. Fixed in github.com/ory/oathkeeper 0.38.12-beta.1.

References

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