CVE-2021-43831
Files on the host computer can be accessed from the Gradio interface
Gradio is an open source framework for building interactive machine learning models and demos. In versions prior to 2.5.0 there is a vulnerability that affects anyone who creates and publicly shares Gradio interfaces. File paths are not restricted and users who receive a Gradio link can access any files on the host computer if they know the file names or file paths. This is limited only by the host operating system. Paths are opened in read only mode. The problem has been patched in gradio 2.5.0.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- Low
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- None
- Availability
- None
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
7.7
Files on the host computer can be accessed from the Gradio interface
Gradio is an open source framework for building interactive machine learning models and demos. In versions prior to 2.5.0 there is a vulnerability that affects anyone who creates and publicly shares Gradio interfaces. File paths are not restricted and users who receive a Gradio link can access any files on the host computer if they know the file names or file paths. This is limited only by the host operating system. Paths are opened in read only mode. The problem has been patched in gradio 2.5.0.
- Record
CVE-2021-43831- CVSS 3.1
- 7.7 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-22
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2021-0095
7.7
Gradio is an open source framework for building interactive machine learning models and demos. In versions prior to 2.5.0 there is a vulnerability that affects anyone who creates and publicly shares Gradio interfaces. File paths are not restricted and users who receive a Gradio link can access any files on the host computer if they know the file names or file paths. This is limited only by the host operating system. Paths are opened in read only mode. The problem has been patched in gradio 2.5.0.
- Record
EUVD-2021-0095- CVSS 3.1
- 7.7 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-rhq2-3vr9-6mcr
9.3
Files on the host computer can be accessed from the Gradio interface
Impact
This is a vulnerability that affects anyone who creates and publicly shares Gradio interfaces using gradio<2.4.8. Because of the way that static files were being served, someone who generated a public Gradio link and shared it with others would potentially be exposing the files on the computer that generated the link, while the link was active. An attacker would be able to view the contents of a file on the computer if they knew the exact relative filepath. We do not have any evidence that this was ever exploited, but we treated the issue seriously and immediately took steps to mitigate it (see below)
Response
- We worked with @haby0 to immediately patch the issue and released a new version,
gradio 2.5.0, within 24 hours of the issue being brought to our attention - We enabled a notification that is printed to anyone using an older version of gradio telling them to upgrade (see screenshot below)
- We expanded our test suite to test for this vulnerability ensuring that our patch does not get reverted in future releases of
gradio
Patches
The problem has been patched in gradio>=2.5.0.
- Record
GHSA-rhq2-3vr9-6mcr- CVSS 4.0
- 9.3 Critical
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - CVSS 3.1
- 8.3 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-22
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
7.7
Gradio is an open source framework for building interactive machine learning models and demos. In versions prior to 2.5.0 there is a vulnerability that affects anyone who creates and publicly shares Gradio interfaces. File paths are not restricted and users who receive a Gradio link can access any files on the host computer if they know the file names or file paths. This is limited only by the host operating system. Paths are opened in read only mode. The problem has been patched in gradio 2.5.0.
- Record
CVE-2021-43831- CVSS 3.1
- 7.7 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N - CVSS 2.0
- 3.5 Low
AV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-22
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
7.7
Gradio is an open source framework for building interactive machine learning models and demos. In versions prior to 2.5.0 there is a vulnerability that affects anyone who creates and publicly shares Gradio interfaces. File paths are not restricted and users who receive a Gradio link can access any files on the host computer if they know the file names or file paths. This is limited only by the host operating system. Paths are opened in read only mode. The problem has been patched in gradio 2.5.0.
- Record
CVE-2021-43831- CVSS 3.1
- 7.7 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-rhq2-3vr9-6mcr
9.3
Files on the host computer can be accessed from the Gradio interface
Impact
This is a vulnerability that affects anyone who creates and publicly shares Gradio interfaces using gradio<2.4.8. Because of the way that static files were being served, someone who generated a public Gradio link and shared it with others would potentially be exposing the files on the computer that generated the link, while the link was active. An attacker would be able to view the contents of a file on the computer if they knew the exact relative filepath. We do not have any evidence that this was ever exploited, but we treated the issue seriously and immediately took steps to mitigate it (see below)
Response
- We worked with @haby0 to immediately patch the issue and released a new version,
gradio 2.5.0, within 24 hours of the issue being brought to our attention - We enabled a notification that is printed to anyone using an older version of gradio telling them to upgrade (see screenshot below)
- We expanded our test suite to test for this vulnerability ensuring that our patch does not get reverted in future releases of
gradio
Patches
The problem has been patched in gradio>=2.5.0.
- Record
GHSA-rhq2-3vr9-6mcr- CVSS 4.0
- 9.3 Critical
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - CVSS 3.1
- 8.3 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-22
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVPYSEC-2021-873 No score
Gradio is an open source framework for building interactive machine learning models and demos. In versions prior to 2.5.0 there is a vulnerability that affects anyone who creates and publicly shares Gradio interfaces. File paths are not restricted and users who receive a Gradio link can access any files on the host computer if they know the file names or file paths. This is limited only by the host operating system. Paths are opened in read only mode. The problem has been patched in gradio 2.5.0.
- Record
PYSEC-2021-873- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
gradioPyPI |
before 2.5.0 | 2.5.0 |
gradioPyPI |
before 2.5.0, plus listed versions 0.1.00.1.10.1.20.1.30.1.4 Show 45 moreShow less0.1.50.1.60.1.70.1.80.1.90.2.00.2.10.3.00.3.10.3.20.3.30.3.40.3.50.4.00.4.10.4.20.4.40.5.00.7.00.7.10.7.20.7.30.7.40.7.50.7.60.7.70.7.80.8.00.8.10.9.00.9.10.9.20.9.30.9.40.9.50.9.60.9.70.9.80.9.9.20.9.9.30.9.9.50.9.9.60.9.9.70.9.9.80.9.9.9 |
2.5.0 |
Public exploits
Links only. Every CVE stores no exploit code.
| Source | Link | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclei | Gradio < 2.5.0 - Arbitrary File Read |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| aliases | EUVD | |
| first indexed | CVE List, GitHub Advisories, Nuclei, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2021-43831 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 7.7) in Gradio-app Gradio, published December 15, 2021. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 3.85%, the 90th percentile. Fixed in gradio 2.5.0.
References
github.com/gradio-app/gradio/security/advisories/GHSA-rhq2-3vr9-6mcr
github.com/gradio-app/gradio/commit/41bd3645bdb616e1248b2167ca83636a2653f781
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43831
github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/gradio/PYSEC-2021-873.yaml
github.com/advisories/GHSA-rhq2-3vr9-6mcr
github.com/gradio-app/gradio
Left out here: 113 versions. The JSON record has them.