CVE-2021-44731
snapd could be made to escalate privileges and run programs as administrator
A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Local
- Complexity
- High
- Privileges needed
- Low
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
7.8
snapd could be made to escalate privileges and run programs as administrator
A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1
- Record
CVE-2021-44731- CVSS 3.1
- 7.8 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-362
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2021-31546
7.8
A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1
- Record
EUVD-2021-31546- CVSS 3.1
- 7.8 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-m3j9-xfh2-hrgc
7.8
A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount...
A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1
- Record
GHSA-m3j9-xfh2-hrgc- CVSS 3.1
- 7.8 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-362
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
7.8
A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1
- Record
CVE-2021-44731- CVSS 3.1
- 7.8 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - CVSS 2.0
- 6.9 Medium
AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C - Weakness
- CWE-362
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
7.8
A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1
- Record
CVE-2021-44731- CVSS 3.1
- 7.8 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVDEBIAN-CVE-2021-44731
7.8
A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1
- Record
DEBIAN-CVE-2021-44731- CVSS 3.1
- 7.8 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-02
Show 4 moreShow less
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2021-44731
7.8
A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1
- Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2021-44731- CVSS 3.1
- 7.8 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVUSN-5292-1 No score
snapd vulnerabilities
James Troup discovered that snap did not properly manage the permissions for the snap directories. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2021-3155)
Ian Johnson discovered that snapd did not properly validate content interfaces and layout paths. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to inject arbitrary AppArmor policy rules, resulting in a bypass of intended access restrictions. (CVE-2021-4120)
The Qualys Research Team discovered that snapd did not properly validate the location of the snap-confine binary. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to execute other arbitrary binaries and escalate privileges. (CVE-2021-44730)
The Qualys Research Team discovered that a race condition existed in the snapd snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2021-44731)
- Record
USN-5292-1- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVUSN-5292-2 No score
snapd vulnerabilities
USN-5292-1 fixed vulnerabilities in snapd. This update provides the corresponding update for the riscv64 architecture.
Original advisory details:
James Troup discovered that snap did not properly manage the permissions for the snap directories. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2021-3155)
Ian Johnson discovered that snapd did not properly validate content interfaces and layout paths. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to inject arbitrary AppArmor policy rules, resulting in a bypass of intended access restrictions. (CVE-2021-4120)
The Qualys Research Team discovered that snapd did not properly validate the location of the snap-confine binary. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to execute other arbitrary binaries and escalate privileges. (CVE-2021-44730)
The Qualys Research Team discovered that a race condition existed in the snapd snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2021-44731)
- Record
USN-5292-2- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVUSN-5292-3 No score
snapd vulnerabilities
USN-5292-1 fixed several vulnerabilities in snapd. This update provides the corresponding update for Ubuntu 14.04 ESM and Ubuntu 16.04 ESM.
Original advisory details:
James Troup discovered that snap did not properly manage the permissions for the snap directories. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2021-3155)
Ian Johnson discovered that snapd did not properly validate content interfaces and layout paths. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to inject arbitrary AppArmor policy rules, resulting in a bypass of intended access restrictions. (CVE-2021-4120)
The Qualys Research Team discovered that snapd did not properly validate the location of the snap-confine binary. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to execute other arbitrary binaries and escalate privileges. (CVE-2021-44730)
The Qualys Research Team discovered that a race condition existed in the snapd snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2021-44731)
- Record
USN-5292-3- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
snapdDebian:12 |
before 2.54.3-1 | 2.54.3-1 |
snapdDebian:13 |
before 2.54.3-1 | 2.54.3-1 |
snapdDebian:14 |
before 2.54.3-1 | 2.54.3-1 |
snapdDebian:10 From an advisory covering 2 CVEs |
before 2.37.4-1+deb10u1, plus listed versions 2.37.4-1 |
2.37.4-1+deb10u1 |
snapdDebian:11 From an advisory covering 2 CVEs |
before 2.49-1+deb11u1, plus listed versions 2.49-1 |
2.49-1+deb11u1 |
snapdUbuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS |
before 2.54.3+14.04~esm1, plus listed versions 2.21~14.04.22.22.2~14.042.22.3~14.042.22.6~14.042.23.1~14.04 Show 13 moreShow less2.24.1~14.042.25~14.042.26.10~14.042.27.5~14.042.28.5~14.042.29.4.2~14.042.32.3.2~14.042.32.9~14.042.33.1~14.042.34.2~14.042.34.2~14.04.12.37.4~14.04.12.38~14.04 |
2.54.3+14.04~esm1 |
snapdUbuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS |
before 2.54.3+16.04~esm2, plus listed versions 1.91.9.1.11.9.22.02.0.1 Show 43 moreShow less2.0.22.0.32.0.52.0.82.0.92.0.102.11+0.16.042.12+0.16.042.132.14.2~16.042.15.2ubuntu12.16ubuntu32.17.1ubuntu12.20.1ubuntu12.212.22.22.22.32.22.62.23.12.24.12.252.26.102.27.52.28.52.29.4.22.32.3.22.32.92.33.1ubuntu22.34.22.34.2ubuntu0.12.37.42.37.4ubuntu0.12.382.39.22.39.2ubuntu0.22.402.42.12.45.12.45.1ubuntu0.22.46.12.47.12.482.48.3 |
2.54.3+16.04~esm2 |
snapdUbuntu:18.04:LTS |
before 2.54.3+18.04, plus listed versions 2.28.5+17.102.29.4.1+18.042.29.4.2+18.042.31.1+18.042.32+18.04~pre5 Show 26 moreShow less2.32+18.04~pre62.32+18.042.32.3.2+18.042.32.5+18.042.32.8+18.042.32.9+18.042.33.1+18.04ubuntu22.34.2+18.042.34.2+18.04.12.37.1+18.042.37.1.1+18.042.37.4+18.042.37.4+18.04.12.38+18.042.39.2+18.042.40+18.042.42.1+18.042.45.1+18.042.45.1+18.04.22.46.1+18.042.47.1+18.042.48+18.042.48.3+18.042.49.2+18.042.51.1+18.042.54.2+18.04ubuntu1 |
2.54.3+18.04 |
snapdUbuntu:20.04:LTS |
before 2.54.3+20.04.1, plus listed versions 2.41+19.10.12.42.1+20.042.43.3+git1.8109f82.44~pre1+20.042.44+20.04 Show 12 moreShow less2.44.2+20.042.44.3+20.042.45.1+20.042.45.1+20.04.22.46.1+20.042.47.1+20.042.48+20.042.48.3+20.042.49.2+20.042.51.1+20.04ubuntu22.54.2+20.04ubuntu22.54.3+20.04 |
2.54.3+20.04.1 |
snapdUbuntu:18.04:LTS From an advisory covering 4 CVEs |
before 2.54.3+18.04, plus listed versions 2.28.5+17.102.29.4.1+18.042.29.4.2+18.042.31.1+18.042.32+18.04~pre5 Show 26 moreShow less2.32+18.04~pre62.32+18.042.32.3.2+18.042.32.5+18.042.32.8+18.042.32.9+18.042.33.1+18.04ubuntu22.34.2+18.042.34.2+18.04.12.37.1+18.042.37.1.1+18.042.37.4+18.042.37.4+18.04.12.38+18.042.39.2+18.042.40+18.042.42.1+18.042.45.1+18.042.45.1+18.04.22.46.1+18.042.47.1+18.042.48+18.042.48.3+18.042.49.2+18.042.51.1+18.042.54.2+18.04ubuntu1 |
2.54.3+18.04 |
Show 4 moreShow less
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
snapdUbuntu:20.04:LTS From an advisory covering 4 CVEs |
before 2.54.3+20.04, plus listed versions 2.41+19.10.12.42.1+20.042.43.3+git1.8109f82.44~pre1+20.042.44+20.04 Show 11 moreShow less2.44.2+20.042.44.3+20.042.45.1+20.042.45.1+20.04.22.46.1+20.042.47.1+20.042.48+20.042.48.3+20.042.49.2+20.042.51.1+20.04ubuntu22.54.2+20.04ubuntu2 |
2.54.3+20.04 |
snapdUbuntu:20.04:LTS From an advisory covering 4 CVEs |
before 2.54.3+20.04.1, plus listed versions 2.41+19.10.12.42.1+20.042.43.3+git1.8109f82.44~pre1+20.042.44+20.04 Show 12 moreShow less2.44.2+20.042.44.3+20.042.45.1+20.042.45.1+20.04.22.46.1+20.042.47.1+20.042.48+20.042.48.3+20.042.49.2+20.042.51.1+20.04ubuntu22.54.2+20.04ubuntu22.54.3+20.04 |
2.54.3+20.04.1 |
snapdUbuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS From an advisory covering 4 CVEs |
before 2.54.3+14.04~esm1, plus listed versions 2.21~14.04.22.22.2~14.042.22.3~14.042.22.6~14.042.23.1~14.04 Show 13 moreShow less2.24.1~14.042.25~14.042.26.10~14.042.27.5~14.042.28.5~14.042.29.4.2~14.042.32.3.2~14.042.32.9~14.042.33.1~14.042.34.2~14.042.34.2~14.04.12.37.4~14.04.12.38~14.04 |
2.54.3+14.04~esm1 |
snapdUbuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS From an advisory covering 4 CVEs |
before 2.54.3+16.04~esm2, plus listed versions 1.91.9.1.11.9.22.02.0.1 Show 43 moreShow less2.0.22.0.32.0.52.0.82.0.92.0.102.11+0.16.042.12+0.16.042.132.14.2~16.042.15.2ubuntu12.16ubuntu32.17.1ubuntu12.20.1ubuntu12.212.22.22.22.32.22.62.23.12.24.12.252.26.102.27.52.28.52.29.4.22.32.3.22.32.92.33.1ubuntu22.34.22.34.2ubuntu0.12.37.42.37.4ubuntu0.12.382.39.22.39.2ubuntu0.22.402.42.12.45.12.45.1ubuntu0.22.46.12.47.12.482.48.3 |
2.54.3+16.04~esm2 |
Public exploits
Links only. Every CVE stores no exploit code.
| Source | Link | Date |
|---|---|---|
| PoC in GitHub | deeexcee-io/CVE-2021-44731-snap-confine-SUID | 2023-07-09 |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| affected, facts | ||
| aliases | EUVD | |
| first indexed | CVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV, PoC in GitHub |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2021-44731 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 7.8) in Canonical Snapd, published February 17, 2022. Public exploit code exists. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.95%, the 61st percentile. Fixed in snapd 2.54.3-1.
References
ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5292-1
openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/18/2
lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3QTBN7LLZISXIA4KU4UKDR27Q5PXDS2U
lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XCGHG6LJAVJJ72TMART6A7N4Z6MSTGI7
debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5080
openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/23/1
Show 18 moreShow less
openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/23/2
openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/11/30/2
seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Dec/4
packetstormsecurity.com/files/170176/snap-confine-must_mkdir_and_open_with_perms-Race-Condition.html
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44731
lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/3QTBN7LLZISXIA4KU4UKDR27Q5PXDS2U
lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/XCGHG6LJAVJJ72TMART6A7N4Z6MSTGI7
github.com/advisories/GHSA-m3j9-xfh2-hrgc
security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2021-44731
ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2021-44731
openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/17/2
github.com/snapcore/snapd/commit/f3f669d720ed8b0bcb73da7789843bf43b5c16cf
cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-44731
ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5292-3
ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5292-2
ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2021-3155
ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2021-4120
ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2021-44730