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CVE-2021-44731

snapd could be made to escalate privileges and run programs as administrator

7.8 HighPublic exploitFix available

A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Local
Complexity
High
Privileges needed
Low
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Exploit likelihood

0.95%Down 1.6 points since Feb 18, 2022
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 7.8

snapd could be made to escalate privileges and run programs as administrator

A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1

Record
CVE-2021-44731
CVSS 3.1
7.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-362
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2021-31546 7.8

A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1

Record
EUVD-2021-31546
CVSS 3.1
7.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-m3j9-xfh2-hrgc 7.8

A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount...

A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1

Record
GHSA-m3j9-xfh2-hrgc
CVSS 3.1
7.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-362
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 7.8

A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1

Record
CVE-2021-44731
CVSS 3.1
7.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS 2.0
6.9 MediumAV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
Weakness
CWE-362
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV 7.8

A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1

Record
CVE-2021-44731
CVSS 3.1
7.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVDEBIAN-CVE-2021-44731 7.8

A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1

Record
DEBIAN-CVE-2021-44731
CVSS 3.1
7.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
Show 4 moreShow less
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2021-44731 7.8

A race condition existed in the snapd 2.54.2 snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. This could allow a local attacker to gain root privileges by bind-mounting their own contents inside the snap's private mount namespace and causing snap-confine to execute arbitrary code and hence gain privilege escalation. Fixed in snapd versions 2.54.3+18.04, 2.54.3+20.04 and 2.54.3+21.10.1

Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2021-44731
CVSS 3.1
7.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVUSN-5292-1 No score

snapd vulnerabilities

James Troup discovered that snap did not properly manage the permissions for the snap directories. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2021-3155)

Ian Johnson discovered that snapd did not properly validate content interfaces and layout paths. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to inject arbitrary AppArmor policy rules, resulting in a bypass of intended access restrictions. (CVE-2021-4120)

The Qualys Research Team discovered that snapd did not properly validate the location of the snap-confine binary. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to execute other arbitrary binaries and escalate privileges. (CVE-2021-44730)

The Qualys Research Team discovered that a race condition existed in the snapd snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2021-44731)

Record
USN-5292-1
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVUSN-5292-2 No score

snapd vulnerabilities

USN-5292-1 fixed vulnerabilities in snapd. This update provides the corresponding update for the riscv64 architecture.

Original advisory details:

James Troup discovered that snap did not properly manage the permissions for the snap directories. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2021-3155)

Ian Johnson discovered that snapd did not properly validate content interfaces and layout paths. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to inject arbitrary AppArmor policy rules, resulting in a bypass of intended access restrictions. (CVE-2021-4120)

The Qualys Research Team discovered that snapd did not properly validate the location of the snap-confine binary. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to execute other arbitrary binaries and escalate privileges. (CVE-2021-44730)

The Qualys Research Team discovered that a race condition existed in the snapd snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2021-44731)

Record
USN-5292-2
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVUSN-5292-3 No score

snapd vulnerabilities

USN-5292-1 fixed several vulnerabilities in snapd. This update provides the corresponding update for Ubuntu 14.04 ESM and Ubuntu 16.04 ESM.

Original advisory details:

James Troup discovered that snap did not properly manage the permissions for the snap directories. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2021-3155)

Ian Johnson discovered that snapd did not properly validate content interfaces and layout paths. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to inject arbitrary AppArmor policy rules, resulting in a bypass of intended access restrictions. (CVE-2021-4120)

The Qualys Research Team discovered that snapd did not properly validate the location of the snap-confine binary. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to execute other arbitrary binaries and escalate privileges. (CVE-2021-44730)

The Qualys Research Team discovered that a race condition existed in the snapd snap-confine binary when preparing a private mount namespace for a snap. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2021-44731)

Record
USN-5292-3
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
snapd
Debian:12
before 2.54.3-1
2.54.3-1
snapd
Debian:13
before 2.54.3-1
2.54.3-1
snapd
Debian:14
before 2.54.3-1
2.54.3-1
snapd
Debian:10
From an advisory covering 2 CVEs
before 2.37.4-1+deb10u1, plus listed versions
2.37.4-1
2.37.4-1+deb10u1
snapd
Debian:11
From an advisory covering 2 CVEs
before 2.49-1+deb11u1, plus listed versions
2.49-1
2.49-1+deb11u1
snapd
Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS
before 2.54.3+14.04~esm1, plus listed versions
2.21~14.04.22.22.2~14.042.22.3~14.042.22.6~14.042.23.1~14.04
Show 13 moreShow less
2.24.1~14.042.25~14.042.26.10~14.042.27.5~14.042.28.5~14.042.29.4.2~14.042.32.3.2~14.042.32.9~14.042.33.1~14.042.34.2~14.042.34.2~14.04.12.37.4~14.04.12.38~14.04
2.54.3+14.04~esm1
snapd
Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS
before 2.54.3+16.04~esm2, plus listed versions
1.91.9.1.11.9.22.02.0.1
Show 43 moreShow less
2.0.22.0.32.0.52.0.82.0.92.0.102.11+0.16.042.12+0.16.042.132.14.2~16.042.15.2ubuntu12.16ubuntu32.17.1ubuntu12.20.1ubuntu12.212.22.22.22.32.22.62.23.12.24.12.252.26.102.27.52.28.52.29.4.22.32.3.22.32.92.33.1ubuntu22.34.22.34.2ubuntu0.12.37.42.37.4ubuntu0.12.382.39.22.39.2ubuntu0.22.402.42.12.45.12.45.1ubuntu0.22.46.12.47.12.482.48.3
2.54.3+16.04~esm2
snapd
Ubuntu:18.04:LTS
before 2.54.3+18.04, plus listed versions
2.28.5+17.102.29.4.1+18.042.29.4.2+18.042.31.1+18.042.32+18.04~pre5
Show 26 moreShow less
2.32+18.04~pre62.32+18.042.32.3.2+18.042.32.5+18.042.32.8+18.042.32.9+18.042.33.1+18.04ubuntu22.34.2+18.042.34.2+18.04.12.37.1+18.042.37.1.1+18.042.37.4+18.042.37.4+18.04.12.38+18.042.39.2+18.042.40+18.042.42.1+18.042.45.1+18.042.45.1+18.04.22.46.1+18.042.47.1+18.042.48+18.042.48.3+18.042.49.2+18.042.51.1+18.042.54.2+18.04ubuntu1
2.54.3+18.04
snapd
Ubuntu:20.04:LTS
before 2.54.3+20.04.1, plus listed versions
2.41+19.10.12.42.1+20.042.43.3+git1.8109f82.44~pre1+20.042.44+20.04
Show 12 moreShow less
2.44.2+20.042.44.3+20.042.45.1+20.042.45.1+20.04.22.46.1+20.042.47.1+20.042.48+20.042.48.3+20.042.49.2+20.042.51.1+20.04ubuntu22.54.2+20.04ubuntu22.54.3+20.04
2.54.3+20.04.1
snapd
Ubuntu:18.04:LTS
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
before 2.54.3+18.04, plus listed versions
2.28.5+17.102.29.4.1+18.042.29.4.2+18.042.31.1+18.042.32+18.04~pre5
Show 26 moreShow less
2.32+18.04~pre62.32+18.042.32.3.2+18.042.32.5+18.042.32.8+18.042.32.9+18.042.33.1+18.04ubuntu22.34.2+18.042.34.2+18.04.12.37.1+18.042.37.1.1+18.042.37.4+18.042.37.4+18.04.12.38+18.042.39.2+18.042.40+18.042.42.1+18.042.45.1+18.042.45.1+18.04.22.46.1+18.042.47.1+18.042.48+18.042.48.3+18.042.49.2+18.042.51.1+18.042.54.2+18.04ubuntu1
2.54.3+18.04
Show 4 moreShow less
Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
snapd
Ubuntu:20.04:LTS
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
before 2.54.3+20.04, plus listed versions
2.41+19.10.12.42.1+20.042.43.3+git1.8109f82.44~pre1+20.042.44+20.04
Show 11 moreShow less
2.44.2+20.042.44.3+20.042.45.1+20.042.45.1+20.04.22.46.1+20.042.47.1+20.042.48+20.042.48.3+20.042.49.2+20.042.51.1+20.04ubuntu22.54.2+20.04ubuntu2
2.54.3+20.04
snapd
Ubuntu:20.04:LTS
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
before 2.54.3+20.04.1, plus listed versions
2.41+19.10.12.42.1+20.042.43.3+git1.8109f82.44~pre1+20.042.44+20.04
Show 12 moreShow less
2.44.2+20.042.44.3+20.042.45.1+20.042.45.1+20.04.22.46.1+20.042.47.1+20.042.48+20.042.48.3+20.042.49.2+20.042.51.1+20.04ubuntu22.54.2+20.04ubuntu22.54.3+20.04
2.54.3+20.04.1
snapd
Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
before 2.54.3+14.04~esm1, plus listed versions
2.21~14.04.22.22.2~14.042.22.3~14.042.22.6~14.042.23.1~14.04
Show 13 moreShow less
2.24.1~14.042.25~14.042.26.10~14.042.27.5~14.042.28.5~14.042.29.4.2~14.042.32.3.2~14.042.32.9~14.042.33.1~14.042.34.2~14.042.34.2~14.04.12.37.4~14.04.12.38~14.04
2.54.3+14.04~esm1
snapd
Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS
From an advisory covering 4 CVEs
before 2.54.3+16.04~esm2, plus listed versions
1.91.9.1.11.9.22.02.0.1
Show 43 moreShow less
2.0.22.0.32.0.52.0.82.0.92.0.102.11+0.16.042.12+0.16.042.132.14.2~16.042.15.2ubuntu12.16ubuntu32.17.1ubuntu12.20.1ubuntu12.212.22.22.22.32.22.62.23.12.24.12.252.26.102.27.52.28.52.29.4.22.32.3.22.32.92.33.1ubuntu22.34.22.34.2ubuntu0.12.37.42.37.4ubuntu0.12.382.39.22.39.2ubuntu0.22.402.42.12.45.12.45.1ubuntu0.22.46.12.47.12.482.48.3
2.54.3+16.04~esm2

Public exploits

Links only. Every CVE stores no exploit code.

Public exploits
SourceLinkDate
PoC in GitHubdeeexcee-io/CVE-2021-44731-snap-confine-SUID2023-07-09

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
affected, facts
aliasesEUVD
first indexedCVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV, PoC in GitHub

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2021-44731 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 7.8) in Canonical Snapd, published February 17, 2022. Public exploit code exists. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.95%, the 61st percentile. Fixed in snapd 2.54.3-1.

References

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