CVE-2022-23492

go-libp2p is the offical libp2p implementation in the Go programming language. Version 0.18.0 and older of go-libp2p are vulnerable to targeted resource exhaustion attacks. These attacks target libp2p’s connection, stream, peer, and memory management. An attacker can cause the allocation of large amounts of memory, ultimately leading to the process getting killed by the host’s operating system. While a connection manager tasked with keeping the number of connections within manageable limits has been part of go-libp2p, this component was designed to handle the regular churn of peers, not a targeted resource exhaustion attack. Users are advised to upgrade their version of go-libp2p to version 0.18.1 or newer. Users unable to upgrade may consult the denial of service (dos) mitigation page for more information on how to incorporate mitigation strategies, monitor your application, and respond to attacks.

go-libp2p is the offical libp2p implementation in the Go programming language. Version 0.18.0 and older of go-libp2p are vulnerable to targeted resource exhaustion attacks. These attacks target libp2p’s connection, stream, peer, and memory management. An attacker can cause the allocation of large amounts of memory, ultimately leading to the process getting killed by the host’s operating system. While a connection manager tasked with keeping the number of connections within manageable limits has been part of go-libp2p, this component was designed to handle the regular churn of peers, not a targeted resource exhaustion attack. Users are advised to upgrade their version of go-libp2p to version 0.18.1 or newer. Users unable to upgrade may consult the denial of service (dos) mitigation page for more information on how to incorporate mitigation strategies, monitor your application, and respond to attacks.

Impact

Versions older than v0.18.0 of go-libp2p are vulnerable to targeted resource exhaustion attacks. These attacks target libp2p’s connection, stream, peer, and memory management. An attacker can cause the allocation of large amounts of memory, ultimately leading to the process getting killed by the host’s operating system. While a connection manager tasked with keeping the number of connections within manageable limits has been part of go-libp2p, this component was designed to handle the regular churn of peers, not a targeted resource exhaustion attack.

In the original version of the attack, the malicious node would continue opening new streams on a stream multiplexer that doesn’t provide sufficient back pressure (yamux or mplex). It is easy to defend against this one attack, but there are countless variations of this attack:

• Opening streams and causing a non-trivial memory allocation (e.g., for multistream or protobuf parsing)
• Creating a lot of sybil nodes and opening new connections across nodes

Patches (What to do as a go-libp2p consumer:)

1. Update your go-libp2p dependency to go-libp2p v0.18.0 or greater (current version as of publish date is v0.24.0.)

   • Note: It's recommend that you update to v0.21.0 onwards as you’ll get some useful functionality that will help in production environments like better metrics around resource usage, Grafana dashboards around resource usage, allow list support, and default autoscaling limits. Please see the v0.21.0 release notes for more info.)

2. Determine appropriate limits for your application - go-libp2p sets up a resource manager with the default limits if none are provided. For default definitions please see limits_defaults.go. These limits are also set to automatically scale, this is done using the AutoScale method of the ScalingLimitConfig. We recommend you tune your limits as described here.

3. Configure your node to be attack resilient. See how to respond to an attack and identify misbehaving peers here. Then setup automatic blocking with fail2ban using canonical libp2p log lines: guide on how to do so here.

Examples

• Lotus’ integration can be found in https://github.com/filecoin-project/lotus/blob/master/node/modules/lp2p/rcmgr.go. Lotus reads user-configured resource limits from a limits.json file into the root directory. This allows users to share their resource manager configuration independent of any other configurations.
• Kubo’s (formerly go-ipfs) integration can be found in https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/blob/master/core/node/libp2p/rcmgr.go. Kubo reads the limits from the IPFS config file.

Note: go-libp2p still implements the connection manager mentioned above. The connection manager is a component independent of the resource manager, which aims to keep the number of libp2p connections between a low and a high watermark. When modifying connection limits, it’s advantageous to keep the configuration of these components consistent, i.e., when setting a limit of N concurrent connections in the resource manager, the high watermark should be at most (and ideally slightly less) than N.

Workarounds

Although there are no workarounds within go-libp2p, some range of attacks can be mitigated using OS tools (like manually blocking malicious peers using…

go-libp2p is the offical libp2p implementation in the Go programming language. Version 0.18.0 and older of go-libp2p are vulnerable to targeted resource exhaustion attacks. These attacks target libp2p’s connection, stream, peer, and memory management. An attacker can cause the allocation of large amounts of memory, ultimately leading to the process getting killed by the host’s operating system. While a connection manager tasked with keeping the number of connections within manageable limits has been part of go-libp2p, this component was designed to handle the regular churn of peers, not a targeted resource exhaustion attack. Users are advised to upgrade their version of go-libp2p to version 0.18.1 or newer. Users unable to upgrade may consult the denial of service (dos) mitigation page for more information on how to incorporate mitigation strategies, monitor your application, and respond to attacks.

go-libp2p is the offical libp2p implementation in the Go programming language. Version 0.18.0 and older of go-libp2p are vulnerable to targeted resource exhaustion attacks. These attacks target libp2p’s connection, stream, peer, and memory management. An attacker can cause the allocation of large amounts of memory, ultimately leading to the process getting killed by the host’s operating system. While a connection manager tasked with keeping the number of connections within manageable limits has been part of go-libp2p, this component was designed to handle the regular churn of peers, not a targeted resource exhaustion attack. Users are advised to upgrade their version of go-libp2p to version 0.18.1 or newer. Users unable to upgrade may consult the denial of service (dos) mitigation page for more information on how to incorporate mitigation strategies, monitor your application, and respond to attacks.

Impact

Versions older than v0.18.0 of go-libp2p are vulnerable to targeted resource exhaustion attacks. These attacks target libp2p’s connection, stream, peer, and memory management. An attacker can cause the allocation of large amounts of memory, ultimately leading to the process getting killed by the host’s operating system. While a connection manager tasked with keeping the number of connections within manageable limits has been part of go-libp2p, this component was designed to handle the regular churn of peers, not a targeted resource exhaustion attack.

In the original version of the attack, the malicious node would continue opening new streams on a stream multiplexer that doesn’t provide sufficient back pressure (yamux or mplex). It is easy to defend against this one attack, but there are countless variations of this attack:

• Opening streams and causing a non-trivial memory allocation (e.g., for multistream or protobuf parsing)
• Creating a lot of sybil nodes and opening new connections across nodes

Patches (What to do as a go-libp2p consumer:)

1. Update your go-libp2p dependency to go-libp2p v0.18.0 or greater (current version as of publish date is v0.24.0.)

   • Note: It's recommend that you update to v0.21.0 onwards as you’ll get some useful functionality that will help in production environments like better metrics around resource usage, Grafana dashboards around resource usage, allow list support, and default autoscaling limits. Please see the v0.21.0 release notes for more info.)

2. Determine appropriate limits for your application - go-libp2p sets up a resource manager with the default limits if none are provided. For default definitions please see limits_defaults.go. These limits are also set to automatically scale, this is done using the AutoScale method of the ScalingLimitConfig. We recommend you tune your limits as described here.

3. Configure your node to be attack resilient. See how to respond to an attack and identify misbehaving peers here. Then setup automatic blocking with fail2ban using canonical libp2p log lines: guide on how to do so here.

Examples

• Lotus’ integration can be found in https://github.com/filecoin-project/lotus/blob/master/node/modules/lp2p/rcmgr.go. Lotus reads user-configured resource limits from a limits.json file into the root directory. This allows users to share their resource manager configuration independent of any other configurations.
• Kubo’s (formerly go-ipfs) integration can be found in https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/blob/master/core/node/libp2p/rcmgr.go. Kubo reads the limits from the IPFS config file.

Note: go-libp2p still implements the connection manager mentioned above. The connection manager is a component independent of the resource manager, which aims to keep the number of libp2p connections between a low and a high watermark. When modifying connection limits, it’s advantageous to keep the configuration of these components consistent, i.e., when setting a limit of N concurrent connections in the resource manager, the high watermark should be at most (and ideally slightly less) than N.

Workarounds

Although there are no workarounds within go-libp2p, some range of attacks can be mitigated using OS tools (like manually blocking malicious peers using…

go-libp2p is vulnerable to targeted resource exhaustion attacks.

These attacks target libp2p's connection, stream, peer, and memory management. An attacker can cause the allocation of large amounts of memory ultimately leading to the process getting killed by the host's operating system.

While a connection manager tasked with keeping the number of connections within manageable limits has been part of go-libp2p, this component was designed to handle the regular churn of peers, not a targeted resource exhaustion attack.

It's recommend to update to v0.21.0 onwards to get some useful functionality that will help in production environments like better metrics around resource usage, Grafana dashboards around resource usage, allow list support, and default autoscaling limits.