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CVE-2023-1370

Stack exhaustion in json-smart leads to denial of service when parsing malformed JSON

7.5 HighFix available

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib.

When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively.

It was discovered that the code does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause a stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

Exploit likelihood

1.12%Up 1.1 points since Mar 13, 2023
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 7.5

Stack exhaustion in json-smart leads to denial of service when parsing malformed JSON

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib.

When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively.

It was discovered that the code does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause a stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.

Record
CVE-2023-1370
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Weakness
CWE-674
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2023-0861 7.5

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib.

When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively.

It was discovered that the code does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause a stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.

Record
EUVD-2023-0861
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-493p-pfq6-5258 7.5

json-smart Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability

Impact

Affected versions of net.minidev:json-smart are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) due to a StackOverflowError when parsing a deeply nested JSON array or object.

When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively. It was discovered that the 3PP does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.

Patches

This vulnerability was fixed in json-smart version 2.4.9, but the maintainer recommends upgrading to 2.4.10, due to a remaining bug.

Workarounds

N/A

References

Record
GHSA-493p-pfq6-5258
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Weakness
CWE-674
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 7.5

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib.

When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively.

It was discovered that the code does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause a stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.

Record
CVE-2023-1370
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Weakness
CWE-674
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV 7.5

Stack exhaustion in json-smart leads to denial of service when parsing malformed JSON

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib.

When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively.

It was discovered that the code does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause a stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.

Record
CVE-2023-1370
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Weakness
CWE-674
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVDEBIAN-CVE-2023-1370 7.5

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib. When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively. It was discovered that the code does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause a stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.

Record
DEBIAN-CVE-2023-1370
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
Show 20 moreShow less
OSVGHSA-493p-pfq6-5258 7.5

json-smart Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability

Impact

Affected versions of net.minidev:json-smart are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) due to a StackOverflowError when parsing a deeply nested JSON array or object.

When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively. It was discovered that the 3PP does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.

Patches

This vulnerability was fixed in json-smart version 2.4.9, but the maintainer recommends upgrading to 2.4.10, due to a remaining bug.

Workarounds

N/A

References

Record
GHSA-493p-pfq6-5258
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Weakness
CWE-674
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVOESA-2023-1203 7.5

json-smart security update

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib.

Security Fix(es):

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib. When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively. It was discovered that the code does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause a stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.(CVE-2023-1370)

Record
OESA-2023-1203
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVOESA-2023-1223 7.5

json-smart security update

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib.

Security Fix(es):

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib. When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively. It was discovered that the code does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause a stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.(CVE-2023-1370)

Record
OESA-2023-1223
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVOESA-2023-1224 7.5

json-smart security update

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib.

Security Fix(es):

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib. When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively. It was discovered that the code does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause a stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.(CVE-2023-1370)

Record
OESA-2023-1224
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVOESA-2023-1225 7.5

json-smart security update

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib.

Security Fix(es):

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib. When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively. It was discovered that the code does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause a stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.(CVE-2023-1370)

Record
OESA-2023-1225
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVRHLW-2026-27d20d7df55218f5 7.5

Lightwell Security Advisory: json-smart 2.4.8.rhlw-00001

Red Hat Lightwell has released net.minidev:json-smart 2.4.8.rhlw-00001 with a backported security fix.

CVE-2023-1370: Stack exhaustion in json-smart leads to denial of service when parsing malformed JSON

This patched artifact is a drop-in replacement for net.minidev:json-smart 2.4.8 from Maven Central.

Record
RHLW-2026-27d20d7df55218f5
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVRHSA-2023:3362 7.5

Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.10.61 packages and security update

Record
RHSA-2023:3362
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVRHSA-2023:3610 9.8

Red Hat Security Advisory: jenkins and jenkins-2-plugins security update

Record
RHSA-2023:3610
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVRHSA-2023:3622 9.8

Red Hat Security Advisory: jenkins and jenkins-2-plugins security update

Record
RHSA-2023:3622
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVRHSA-2023:3663 8.8

Red Hat Security Advisory: jenkins and jenkins-2-plugins security update

Record
RHSA-2023:3663
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2023-1370 7.5

CVE-2023-1370 in net.minidev:json-smart - Patched by Root

Root has patched CVE-2023-1370 in the net.minidev:json-smart package for Root:Maven. Multiple fixed versions available.

Record
ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2023-1370
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2023-1370 7.5

Json-smart is a performance focused, JSON processor lib. When reaching a ‘[‘ or ‘{‘ character in the JSON input, the code parses an array or an object respectively. It was discovered that the code does not have any limit to the nesting of such arrays or objects. Since the parsing of nested arrays and objects is done recursively, nesting too many of them can cause a stack exhaustion (stack overflow) and crash the software.

Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2023-1370
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2025-1761005192 No score

TuxCare security update for net.minidev:json-smart (1 CVE)

TuxCare rebuilt net.minidev:json-smart to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 1.3.2-tuxcare.1.

Record
CLSA-2025-1761005192
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1791879047 No score

TuxCare security update for net.minidev:json-smart (1 CVE)

TuxCare rebuilt net.minidev:json-smart to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 2.4.7-tuxcare.1.

Record
CLSA-2026-1791879047
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1791879577 No score

TuxCare security update for net.minidev:json-smart (1 CVE)

TuxCare rebuilt net.minidev:json-smart to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 2.3.1-tuxcare.1.

Record
CLSA-2026-1791879577
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1792010833 No score

TuxCare security update for net.minidev:json-smart (1 CVE)

TuxCare rebuilt net.minidev:json-smart to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 2.4.2-tuxcare.2.

Record
CLSA-2026-1792010833
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1793129552 No score

TuxCare security update for net.minidev:json-smart (1 CVE)

TuxCare rebuilt net.minidev:json-smart to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 1.1.1-tuxcare.1.

Record
CLSA-2026-1793129552
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1793129826 No score

TuxCare security update for net.minidev:json-smart (1 CVE)

TuxCare rebuilt net.minidev:json-smart to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 2.2.1-tuxcare.1.

Record
CLSA-2026-1793129826
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVCLSA-2026-1793694996 No score

TuxCare security update for net.minidev:json-smart (1 CVE)

TuxCare rebuilt net.minidev:json-smart to address 1 CVE. Fixed in 2.3-tuxcare.2.

Record
CLSA-2026-1793694996
Updated
2026-11-03
OSVUSN-6011-1 No score

json-smart vulnerabilities

It was discovered that Json-smart incorrectly handled memory when processing input containing unclosed quotes. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to cause applications using Json-smart to crash, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2021-31684)

It was discovered that Json-smart incorrectly handled memory when processing input containing unclosed brackets. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to cause applications using Json-smart to crash, leading to a denial of service. (CVE-2023-1370)

Record
USN-6011-1
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
net.minidev:json-smart
Maven
before 2.4.9
2.4.9
net.minidev:json-smart
TuxCare:Maven
1.3.2 up to 1.3.2-tuxcare.1
1.3.2-tuxcare.1
net.minidev:json-smart
TuxCare:Maven
2.4.7 up to 2.4.7-tuxcare.1
2.4.7-tuxcare.1
net.minidev:json-smart
TuxCare:Maven
2.3.1 up to 2.3.1-tuxcare.1
2.3.1-tuxcare.1
net.minidev:json-smart
TuxCare:Maven
2.4.2 up to 2.4.2-tuxcare.2, plus listed versions
2.4.2-tuxcare.1
2.4.2-tuxcare.2
net.minidev:json-smart
TuxCare:Maven
1.1.1 up to 1.1.1-tuxcare.1
1.1.1-tuxcare.1
net.minidev:json-smart
TuxCare:Maven
2.2.1 up to 2.2.1-tuxcare.1
2.2.1-tuxcare.1
net.minidev:json-smart
TuxCare:Maven
2.3 up to 2.3-tuxcare.2, plus listed versions
2.3-tuxcare.1
2.3-tuxcare.2
json-smart
Debian:12
before 2.2-2+deb12u1, plus listed versions
2.2-2
2.2-2+deb12u1
json-smart
Debian:13
before 2.2-3
2.2-3
Show 23 moreShow less
Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
json-smart
Debian:14
before 2.2-3
2.2-3
json-smart
Debian:10
From an advisory covering 2 CVEs
before 2.2-2+deb10u1, plus listed versions
2.2-2
2.2-2+deb10u1
net.minidev:json-smart
Maven
before 2.4.9, plus listed versions
1.0.6.31.0.81.0.91.0.9-11.1
Show 23 moreShow less
1.1.11.21.31.3.11.3.21.3.32.02.0-RC12.0-RC22.0-RC32.1.02.1.12.22.2.12.32.3.12.4.12.4.22.4.42.4.52.4.62.4.72.4.8
2.4.9
json-smart
openEuler:20.03-LTS-SP1
before 2.2-2.oe1
2.2-2.oe1
json-smart
openEuler:20.03-LTS-SP3
before 2.2-2.oe1
2.2-2.oe1
json-smart
openEuler:22.03-LTS
before 2.2-2.oe2203
2.2-2.oe2203
json-smart
openEuler:22.03-LTS-SP1
before 2.2-2.oe2203sp1
2.2-2.oe2203sp1
net.minidev:json-smart
Red Hat Lightwell:Maven
before 2.4.8.rhlw-00001, plus listed versions
1.0.6.31.0.81.0.91.0.9-11.1
Show 23 moreShow less
1.1.11.21.31.3.11.3.21.3.32.02.0-RC12.0-RC22.0-RC32.1.02.1.12.22.2.12.32.3.12.4.12.4.22.4.42.4.52.4.62.4.72.4.8
2.4.8.rhlw-00001
jenkins-2-plugins
Red Hat:openshift:4.10::el8
before 0:4.10.1684982411-1.el8
0:4.10.1684982411-1.el8
jenkins
Red Hat:ocp_tools:4.12::el8
From an advisory covering 13 CVEs
before 0:2.401.1.1686649641-3.el8
0:2.401.1.1686649641-3.el8
jenkins-2-plugins
Red Hat:ocp_tools:4.12::el8
From an advisory covering 13 CVEs
before 0:4.12.1686649756-1.el8
0:4.12.1686649756-1.el8
jenkins-2-plugins
Red Hat:ocp_tools:4.13::el8
From an advisory covering 9 CVEs
before 0:4.13.1686680473-1.el8
0:4.13.1686680473-1.el8
jenkins
Red Hat:ocp_tools:4.13::el8
From an advisory covering 9 CVEs
before 0:2.401.1.1686680404-3.el8
0:2.401.1.1686680404-3.el8
jenkins
Red Hat:ocp_tools:4.11::el8
From an advisory covering 17 CVEs
before 0:2.401.1.1686831596-3.el8
0:2.401.1.1686831596-3.el8
jenkins-2-plugins
Red Hat:ocp_tools:4.11::el8
From an advisory covering 17 CVEs
before 0:4.11.1686831822-1.el8
0:4.11.1686831822-1.el8
net.minidev:json-smart
Root:Maven
before 2.3-aikido.1
2.3-aikido.12.4.7-aikido.1
io.root.net.minidev:json-smart
Root:Maven
before 2.3-root.io.1
2.3-root.io.12.4.7-root.io.1
json-smart
Ubuntu:18.04:LTS
before 2.2-2ubuntu0.18.04.1, plus listed versions
2.2-12.2-2
2.2-2ubuntu0.18.04.1
json-smart
Ubuntu:20.04:LTS
before 2.2-2ubuntu0.20.04.1, plus listed versions
2.2-2
2.2-2ubuntu0.20.04.1
json-smart
Ubuntu:22.04:LTS
before 2.2-2ubuntu0.22.04.1, plus listed versions
2.2-2
2.2-2ubuntu0.22.04.1
json-smart
Ubuntu:18.04:LTS
From an advisory covering 2 CVEs
before 2.2-2ubuntu0.18.04.1, plus listed versions
2.2-12.2-2
2.2-2ubuntu0.18.04.1
json-smart
Ubuntu:20.04:LTS
From an advisory covering 2 CVEs
before 2.2-2ubuntu0.20.04.1, plus listed versions
2.2-2
2.2-2ubuntu0.20.04.1
json-smart
Ubuntu:22.04:LTS
From an advisory covering 2 CVEs
before 2.2-2ubuntu0.22.04.1, plus listed versions
2.2-2
2.2-2ubuntu0.22.04.1

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
affected, facts
affected, aliasesOSV
first indexedCVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2023-1370 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 7.5) in Json-smart, published March 13, 2023. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 1.12%, the 66th percentile. Fixed in net.minidev:json-smart 2.4.9.

References

Show 131 moreShow less
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