CVE-2023-2512
Buffer under-read in workerd
CVE-2023-2512 is a medium vulnerability (CVSS 6.5) in Cloudflare Workerd, published May 12, 2023. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.62%, the 49th percentile. Fixed in workerd 1.20230419.0.
Prior to version v1.20230419.0, the FormData API implementation was subject to an integer overflow. If a FormData instance contained more than 2^31 elements, the forEach() method could end up reading from the wrong location in memory while iterating over elements. This would most likely lead to a segmentation fault, but could theoretically allow arbitrary undefined behavior.
In order for the bug to be exploitable, the process would need to be able to allocate 160GB of RAM. Due to this, the bug was never exploitable on the Cloudflare Workers platform, but could theoretically be exploitable on deployments of workerd running on machines with a huge amount of memory. Moreover, in order to be remotely exploited, an attacker would have to upload a single form-encoded HTTP request of at least tens of gigabytes in size. The application code would then have to use request.formData() to parse the request and formData.forEach() to iterate over this data. Due to these limitations, the exploitation likelihood was considered Low.
A fix that addresses this vulnerability has been released in version v1.20230419.0 and users are encouraged to update to the latest version available.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- High
- Privileges needed
- None
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- Low
- Integrity
- None
- Availability
- High
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
6.5
Buffer under-read in workerd
Prior to version v1.20230419.0, the FormData API implementation was subject to an integer overflow. If a FormData instance contained more than 2^31 elements, the forEach() method could end up reading from the wrong location in memory while iterating over elements. This would most likely lead to a segmentation fault, but could theoretically allow arbitrary undefined behavior.
In order for the bug to be exploitable, the process would need to be able to allocate 160GB of RAM. Due to this, the bug was never exploitable on the Cloudflare Workers platform, but could theoretically be exploitable on deployments of workerd running on machines with a huge amount of memory. Moreover, in order to be remotely exploited, an attacker would have to upload a single form-encoded HTTP request of at least tens of gigabytes in size. The application code would then have to use request.formData() to parse the request and formData.forEach() to iterate over this data. Due to these limitations, the exploitation likelihood was considered Low.
A fix that addresses this vulnerability has been released in version v1.20230419.0 and users are encouraged to update to the latest version available.
- Record
CVE-2023-2512- CVSS 3.1
- 6.5 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-125
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2023-1504
6.5
Prior to version v1.20230419.0, the FormData API implementation was subject to an integer overflow. If a FormData instance contained more than 2^31 elements, the forEach() method could end up reading from the wrong location in memory while iterating over elements. This would most likely lead to a segmentation fault, but could theoretically allow arbitrary undefined behavior.
In order for the bug to be exploitable, the process would need to be able to allocate 160GB of RAM. Due to this, the bug was never exploitable on the Cloudflare Workers platform, but could theoretically be exploitable on deployments of workerd running on machines with a huge amount of memory. Moreover, in order to be remotely exploited, an attacker would have to upload a single form-encoded HTTP request of at least tens of gigabytes in size. The application code would then have to use request.formData() to parse the request and formData.forEach() to iterate over this data. Due to these limitations, the exploitation likelihood was considered Low.
A fix that addresses this vulnerability has been released in version v1.20230419.0 and users are encouraged to update to the latest version available.
- Record
EUVD-2023-1504- CVSS 3.1
- 6.5 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-8vx6-69vg-c46f
6.5
Buffer under-read in workerd
Impact
Prior to version v1.20230419.0, the FormData API implementation was subject to an integer overflow. If a FormData instance contained more than 2^31 elements, the forEach() method could end up reading from the wrong location in memory while iterating over elements. This would most likely lead to a segmentation fault, but could theoretically allow arbitrary undefined behavior.
In order for the bug to be exploitable, the process would need to be able to allocate 160GB of RAM. Due to this, the bug was never exploitable on the Cloudflare Workers platform, but could theoretically be exploitable on deployments of workerd running on machines with a huge amount of memory. Moreover, in order to be remotely exploited, an attacker would have to upload a single form-encoded HTTP request of at least tens of gigabytes in size. The application code would then have to use request.formData() to parse the request and formData.forEach() to iterate over this data. Due to these limitations, the exploitation likelihood was considered Low.
Patches
A fix that addresses this vulnerability has been released in version v1.20230419.0 and users are encouraged to update to the latest version available.
References
Release - https://github.com/cloudflare/workerd/releases/tag/v1.20230419.0
- Record
GHSA-8vx6-69vg-c46f- CVSS 3.1
- 6.5 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-125, CWE-127, CWE-190
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
6.5
Prior to version v1.20230419.0, the FormData API implementation was subject to an integer overflow. If a FormData instance contained more than 2^31 elements, the forEach() method could end up reading from the wrong location in memory while iterating over elements. This would most likely lead to a segmentation fault, but could theoretically allow arbitrary undefined behavior.
In order for the bug to be exploitable, the process would need to be able to allocate 160GB of RAM. Due to this, the bug was never exploitable on the Cloudflare Workers platform, but could theoretically be exploitable on deployments of workerd running on machines with a huge amount of memory. Moreover, in order to be remotely exploited, an attacker would have to upload a single form-encoded HTTP request of at least tens of gigabytes in size. The application code would then have to use request.formData() to parse the request and formData.forEach() to iterate over this data. Due to these limitations, the exploitation likelihood was considered Low.
A fix that addresses this vulnerability has been released in version v1.20230419.0 and users are encouraged to update to the latest version available.
- Record
CVE-2023-2512- CVSS 3.1
- 6.5 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H - CVSS 3.1
- 8.1 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-125, CWE-190
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
6.5
Buffer under-read in workerd
Prior to version v1.20230419.0, the FormData API implementation was subject to an integer overflow. If a FormData instance contained more than 2^31 elements, the forEach() method could end up reading from the wrong location in memory while iterating over elements. This would most likely lead to a segmentation fault, but could theoretically allow arbitrary undefined behavior.
In order for the bug to be exploitable, the process would need to be able to allocate 160GB of RAM. Due to this, the bug was never exploitable on the Cloudflare Workers platform, but could theoretically be exploitable on deployments of workerd running on machines with a huge amount of memory. Moreover, in order to be remotely exploited, an attacker would have to upload a single form-encoded HTTP request of at least tens of gigabytes in size. The application code would then have to use request.formData() to parse the request and formData.forEach() to iterate over this data. Due to these limitations, the exploitation likelihood was considered Low.
A fix that addresses this vulnerability has been released in version v1.20230419.0 and users are encouraged to update to the latest version available.
- Record
CVE-2023-2512- CVSS 3.1
- 6.5 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-125
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-8vx6-69vg-c46f
6.5
Buffer under-read in workerd
Impact
Prior to version v1.20230419.0, the FormData API implementation was subject to an integer overflow. If a FormData instance contained more than 2^31 elements, the forEach() method could end up reading from the wrong location in memory while iterating over elements. This would most likely lead to a segmentation fault, but could theoretically allow arbitrary undefined behavior.
In order for the bug to be exploitable, the process would need to be able to allocate 160GB of RAM. Due to this, the bug was never exploitable on the Cloudflare Workers platform, but could theoretically be exploitable on deployments of workerd running on machines with a huge amount of memory. Moreover, in order to be remotely exploited, an attacker would have to upload a single form-encoded HTTP request of at least tens of gigabytes in size. The application code would then have to use request.formData() to parse the request and formData.forEach() to iterate over this data. Due to these limitations, the exploitation likelihood was considered Low.
Patches
A fix that addresses this vulnerability has been released in version v1.20230419.0 and users are encouraged to update to the latest version available.
References
Release - https://github.com/cloudflare/workerd/releases/tag/v1.20230419.0
- Record
GHSA-8vx6-69vg-c46f- CVSS 3.1
- 6.5 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-125, CWE-127, CWE-190
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
workerdnpm |
before 1.20230419.0 | 1.20230419.0 |
History
| When | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-11-03 | aliases, published | EUVD |
| 2026-11-02 | created | CVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
References
github.com/cloudflare/workerd/releases/tag/v1.20230419.0
github.com/cloudflare/workerd/security/advisories/GHSA-8vx6-69vg-c46f
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2512
github.com/advisories/GHSA-8vx6-69vg-c46f
github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/2xxx/CVE-2023-2512.json
github.com/cloudflare/workerd