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CVE-2023-25668

TensorFlow vulnerable to heap out-of-buffer read in the QuantizeAndDequantize operation

9.8 CriticalFix available

TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Attackers using Tensorflow prior to 2.12.0 or 2.11.1 can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or remote code execution. The fix will be included in TensorFlow version 2.12.0 and will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow version 2.11.1.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Exploit likelihood

0.84%Up 0.8 points since Mar 25, 2023
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 9.8

TensorFlow vulnerable to heap out-of-buffer read in the QuantizeAndDequantize operation

TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Attackers using Tensorflow prior to 2.12.0 or 2.11.1 can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or remote code execution. The fix will be included in TensorFlow version 2.12.0 and will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow version 2.11.1.

Record
CVE-2023-25668
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-122, CWE-125
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2023-1018 9.8

TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Attackers using Tensorflow prior to 2.12.0 or 2.11.1 can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or remote code execution. The fix will be included in TensorFlow version 2.12.0 and will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow version 2.11.1.

Record
EUVD-2023-1018
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-gw97-ff7c-9v96 9.8

TensorFlow has a heap out-of-buffer read vulnerability in the QuantizeAndDequantize operation

Impact

Attackers using Tensorflow can exploit the vulnerability. They can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or RCE. When axis is larger than the dim of input, c->Dim(input,axis) goes out of bound. Same problem occurs in the QuantizeAndDequantizeV2/V3/V4/V4Grad operations too.

import tensorflow as tf
@tf.function
def test():
    tf.raw_ops.QuantizeAndDequantizeV2(input=[2.5],
    								   input_min=[1.0],
    								   input_max=[10.0],
    								   signed_input=True,
    								   num_bits=1,
    								   range_given=True,
    								   round_mode='HALF_TO_EVEN',
    								   narrow_range=True,
    								   axis=0x7fffffff)
test()

Patches

We have patched the issue in GitHub commit 7b174a0f2e40ff3f3aa957aecddfd5aaae35eccb.

The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.12.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.11.1

For more information

Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.

Record
GHSA-gw97-ff7c-9v96
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-122, CWE-125
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 9.8

TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Attackers using Tensorflow prior to 2.12.0 or 2.11.1 can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or remote code execution. The fix will be included in TensorFlow version 2.12.0 and will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow version 2.11.1.

Record
CVE-2023-25668
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-122, CWE-125
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVAZL-31200 9.8

CVE-2023-25668 affecting package tensorflow for versions less than 2.11.1-1

TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Attackers using Tensorflow prior to 2.12.0 or 2.11.1 can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or remote code execution. The fix will be included in TensorFlow version 2.12.0 and will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow version 2.11.1.

Record
AZL-31200
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVAZL-35313 9.8

CVE-2023-25668 affecting package tensorflow for versions less than 2.11.1-1

TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Attackers using Tensorflow prior to 2.12.0 or 2.11.1 can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or remote code execution. The fix will be included in TensorFlow version 2.12.0 and will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow version 2.11.1.

Record
AZL-35313
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
Show 6 moreShow less
OSV 9.8

TensorFlow vulnerable to heap out-of-buffer read in the QuantizeAndDequantize operation

TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Attackers using Tensorflow prior to 2.12.0 or 2.11.1 can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or remote code execution. The fix will be included in TensorFlow version 2.12.0 and will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow version 2.11.1.

Record
CVE-2023-25668
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-122, CWE-125
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-gw97-ff7c-9v96 9.8

TensorFlow has a heap out-of-buffer read vulnerability in the QuantizeAndDequantize operation

Impact

Attackers using Tensorflow can exploit the vulnerability. They can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or RCE. When axis is larger than the dim of input, c->Dim(input,axis) goes out of bound. Same problem occurs in the QuantizeAndDequantizeV2/V3/V4/V4Grad operations too.

import tensorflow as tf
@tf.function
def test():
    tf.raw_ops.QuantizeAndDequantizeV2(input=[2.5],
    								   input_min=[1.0],
    								   input_max=[10.0],
    								   signed_input=True,
    								   num_bits=1,
    								   range_given=True,
    								   round_mode='HALF_TO_EVEN',
    								   narrow_range=True,
    								   axis=0x7fffffff)
test()

Patches

We have patched the issue in GitHub commit 7b174a0f2e40ff3f3aa957aecddfd5aaae35eccb.

The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.12.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.11.1

For more information

Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.

Record
GHSA-gw97-ff7c-9v96
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-122, CWE-125
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVPYSEC-2026-548 9.8

TensorFlow has a heap out-of-buffer read vulnerability in the QuantizeAndDequantize operation

Impact

Attackers using Tensorflow can exploit the vulnerability. They can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or RCE. When axis is larger than the dim of input, c->Dim(input,axis) goes out of bound. Same problem occurs in the QuantizeAndDequantizeV2/V3/V4/V4Grad operations too.

import tensorflow as tf
@tf.function
def test():
    tf.raw_ops.QuantizeAndDequantizeV2(input=[2.5],
    								   input_min=[1.0],
    								   input_max=[10.0],
    								   signed_input=True,
    								   num_bits=1,
    								   range_given=True,
    								   round_mode='HALF_TO_EVEN',
    								   narrow_range=True,
    								   axis=0x7fffffff)
 test()

Patches

We have patched the issue in GitHub commit 7b174a0f2e40ff3f3aa957aecddfd5aaae35eccb.

The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.12.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.11.1

For more information

Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.

Record
PYSEC-2026-548
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVPYSEC-2026-549 9.8

TensorFlow has a heap out-of-buffer read vulnerability in the QuantizeAndDequantize operation

Impact

Attackers using Tensorflow can exploit the vulnerability. They can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or RCE. When axis is larger than the dim of input, c->Dim(input,axis) goes out of bound. Same problem occurs in the QuantizeAndDequantizeV2/V3/V4/V4Grad operations too.

import tensorflow as tf
@tf.function
def test():
    tf.raw_ops.QuantizeAndDequantizeV2(input=[2.5],
    								   input_min=[1.0],
    								   input_max=[10.0],
    								   signed_input=True,
    								   num_bits=1,
    								   range_given=True,
    								   round_mode='HALF_TO_EVEN',
    								   narrow_range=True,
    								   axis=0x7fffffff)
 test()

Patches

We have patched the issue in GitHub commit 7b174a0f2e40ff3f3aa957aecddfd5aaae35eccb.

The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.12.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.11.1

For more information

Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.

Record
PYSEC-2026-549
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVPYSEC-2026-550 9.8

TensorFlow has a heap out-of-buffer read vulnerability in the QuantizeAndDequantize operation

Impact

Attackers using Tensorflow can exploit the vulnerability. They can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or RCE. When axis is larger than the dim of input, c->Dim(input,axis) goes out of bound. Same problem occurs in the QuantizeAndDequantizeV2/V3/V4/V4Grad operations too.

import tensorflow as tf
@tf.function
def test():
    tf.raw_ops.QuantizeAndDequantizeV2(input=[2.5],
    								   input_min=[1.0],
    								   input_max=[10.0],
    								   signed_input=True,
    								   num_bits=1,
    								   range_given=True,
    								   round_mode='HALF_TO_EVEN',
    								   narrow_range=True,
    								   axis=0x7fffffff)
 test()

Patches

We have patched the issue in GitHub commit 7b174a0f2e40ff3f3aa957aecddfd5aaae35eccb.

The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.12.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.11.1

For more information

Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.

Record
PYSEC-2026-550
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVBIT-tensorflow-2023-25668 No score

TensorFlow vulnerable to heap out-of-buffer read in the QuantizeAndDequantize operation

TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Attackers using Tensorflow prior to 2.12.0 or 2.11.1 can access heap memory which is not in the control of user, leading to a crash or remote code execution. The fix will be included in TensorFlow version 2.12.0 and will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow version 2.11.1.

Record
BIT-tensorflow-2023-25668
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
tensorflow
PyPI
before 2.11.1
2.11.1
tensorflow-cpu
PyPI
before 2.11.1
2.11.1
tensorflow-gpu
PyPI
before 2.11.1
2.11.1
tensorflow
Azure Linux:2
before 2.11.1-1
2.11.1-1
tensorflow
Azure Linux:3
before 2.11.1-1
2.11.1-1
tensorflow
Bitnami
before 2.12.0
2.12.0
tensorflow
PyPI
before 2.11.1, plus listed versions
0.12.00.12.11.0.01.0.11.1.0
Show 45 moreShow less
1.10.01.10.11.11.01.12.01.12.21.12.31.13.11.13.21.14.01.15.01.15.21.15.31.15.41.15.51.2.01.2.11.3.01.4.01.4.11.5.01.5.11.6.01.7.01.7.11.8.01.9.02.0.02.0.12.0.22.0.32.0.42.1.02.1.12.1.22.1.32.1.42.10.02.10.0rc02.10.0rc12.10.0rc22.10.0rc32.10.12.11.02.11.0rc02.11.0rc1
2.11.1
tensorflow-cpu
PyPI
before 2.11.1, plus listed versions
1.15.02.1.02.1.12.1.22.1.3
Show 45 moreShow less
2.1.42.10.02.10.0rc02.10.0rc12.10.0rc22.10.0rc32.10.12.11.02.11.0rc02.11.0rc12.11.0rc22.2.02.2.12.2.22.2.32.3.02.3.12.3.22.3.32.3.42.4.02.4.12.4.22.4.32.4.42.5.02.5.12.5.22.5.32.6.02.6.12.6.22.6.32.6.42.6.52.7.02.7.12.7.22.7.32.7.42.8.02.8.12.8.22.8.32.8.4
2.11.1
tensorflow-gpu
PyPI
before 2.11.1, plus listed versions
0.12.00.12.11.0.01.0.11.1.0
Show 45 moreShow less
1.10.01.10.11.11.01.12.01.12.21.12.31.13.11.13.21.14.01.15.01.15.21.15.31.15.41.15.51.2.01.2.11.3.01.4.01.4.11.5.01.5.11.6.01.7.01.7.11.8.01.9.02.0.02.0.12.0.22.0.32.0.42.1.02.1.12.1.22.1.32.1.42.10.02.10.0rc02.10.0rc12.10.0rc22.10.0rc32.10.12.11.02.11.0rc02.11.0rc1
2.11.1

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
first indexedCVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2023-25668 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.8) in Google Tensorflow, published March 24, 2023. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.84%, the 58th percentile. Fixed in tensorflow 2.11.1.

References

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Left out here: 102 versions. The JSON record has them.

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