CVE-2023-28333

Moodle: pix helper potential mustache code injection risk

9.8 CriticalFix available

The Mustache pix helper contained a potential Mustache injection risk if combined with user input (note: This did not appear to be implemented/exploitable anywhere in the core Moodle LMS).

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector: Network
Complexity: Low
Privileges needed: None
User interaction: None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Availability: High

Exploit likelihood

1.17%Up 1.1 points since Mar 24, 2023

What each source reports

NVD Score used 9.8

The Mustache pix helper contained a potential Mustache injection risk if combined with user input (note: This did not appear to be implemented/exploitable anywhere in the core Moodle LMS).

Record: CVE-2023-28333
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness: CWE-94
Updated: 2026-11-02

CVE List 9.8

Moodle: pix helper potential mustache code injection risk

The Mustache pix helper contained a potential Mustache injection risk if combined with user input (note: This did not appear to be implemented/exploitable anywhere in the core Moodle LMS).

Record: CVE-2023-28333
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness: CWE-94
Updated: 2026-11-02

EUVDEUVD-2023-1076 9.8

The Mustache pix helper contained a potential Mustache injection risk if combined with user input (note: This did not appear to be implemented/exploitable anywhere in the core Moodle LMS).

Record: EUVD-2023-1076
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated: 2026-11-03

GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-q2x3-2f9g-h559 9.8

Moodle's Mustache pix helper contained a potential Mustache injection risk if combined with user input

The Mustache pix helper contained a potential Mustache injection risk if combined with user input (note: This did not appear to be implemented/exploitable anywhere in the core Moodle LMS).

Record: GHSA-q2x3-2f9g-h559
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness: CWE-94
Updated: 2026-11-02

OSV 9.8

Moodle: pix helper potential mustache code injection risk

The Mustache pix helper contained a potential Mustache injection risk if combined with user input (note: This did not appear to be implemented/exploitable anywhere in the core Moodle LMS).

Record: CVE-2023-28333
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness: CWE-94
Updated: 2026-11-02

OSVGHSA-q2x3-2f9g-h559 9.8

Moodle's Mustache pix helper contained a potential Mustache injection risk if combined with user input

The Mustache pix helper contained a potential Mustache injection risk if combined with user input (note: This did not appear to be implemented/exploitable anywhere in the core Moodle LMS).

Record: GHSA-q2x3-2f9g-h559
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness: CWE-94
Updated: 2026-11-02

OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2023-28333 9.8

The Mustache pix helper contained a potential Mustache injection risk if combined with user input (note: This did not appear to be implemented/exploitable anywhere in the core Moodle LMS).

Record: UBUNTU-CVE-2023-28333
CVSS 3.1: 9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated: 2026-11-02

OSVBIT-moodle-2023-28333 No score

Moodle: pix helper potential mustache code injection risk

The Mustache pix helper contained a potential Mustache injection risk if combined with user input (note: This did not appear to be implemented/exploitable anywhere in the core Moodle LMS).

Record: BIT-moodle-2023-28333
Updated: 2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
Package	Affected	Fixed
`moodle/moodle` Packagist	4.1.0 up to 4.1.2	4.1.2
`moodle/moodle` Packagist	4.0.0 up to 4.0.7	4.0.7
`moodle/moodle` Packagist	3.11.0 up to 3.11.13	3.11.13
`moodle/moodle` Packagist	before 3.9.20	3.9.20
`moodle` Bitnami	3.9.0 up to 3.9.20, 3.11.0 up to 3.11.13, 4.0.0 up to 4.0.7, 4.1.0 up to 4.1.2	3.9.203.11.134.0.74.1.2
`moodle/moodle` Packagist	4.1.0 up to 4.1.2, plus listed versions v4.1.0v4.1.1	4.1.2
`moodle/moodle` Packagist	4.0.0 up to 4.0.7, plus listed versions v4.0.0v4.0.1v4.0.2v4.0.3v4.0.4v4.0.5v4.0.6	4.0.7
`moodle/moodle` Packagist	3.11.0 up to 3.11.13, plus listed versions v3.11.0v3.11.1v3.11.10v3.11.11v3.11.12 Show 8 moreShow less v3.11.2v3.11.3v3.11.4v3.11.5v3.11.6v3.11.7v3.11.8v3.11.9	3.11.13
`moodle/moodle` Packagist	before 3.9.20, plus listed versions v2.3.10v2.3.11v2.3.4v2.3.5v2.3.6 Show 45 moreShow less v2.3.7v2.3.8v2.3.9v2.4.0v2.4.0-rc1v2.4.1v2.4.10v2.4.11v2.4.2v2.4.3v2.4.4v2.4.5v2.4.6v2.4.7v2.4.8v2.4.9v2.5.0v2.5.0-betav2.5.0-rc1v2.5.1v2.5.2v2.5.3v2.5.4v2.5.5v2.5.6v2.5.7v2.5.8v2.5.9v2.6.0v2.6.0-betav2.6.0-rc1v2.6.1v2.6.10v2.6.11v2.6.2v2.6.3v2.6.4v2.6.5v2.6.6v2.6.7v2.6.8v2.6.9v2.7.0v2.7.0-betav2.7.0-rc1	3.9.20
`moodle` Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS	All versions, plus listed versions 2.7.9+dfsg-12.7.10+dfsg-12.7.11+dfsg-12.7.11+dfsg-22.7.12+dfsg-13.0.3+dfsg-0ubuntu13.0.3+dfsg-0ubuntu1+esm1	None known
`moodle` Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS	All versions, plus listed versions 3.0.3+dfsg-0ubuntu13.0.3+dfsg-0ubuntu1+esm1	None known

History

History
Recorded	Changed	Sources
Nov 3, 2026	aliases	EUVD
Nov 2, 2026	first indexed	CVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2023-28333 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.8) in Moodle, published March 23, 2023. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 1.17%, the 67th percentile. Fixed in moodle/moodle 4.1.2.

References

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Left out here: 217 versions. The JSON record has them.