CVE-2023-3597
Keycloak: secondary factor bypass in step-up authentication
A flaw was found in Keycloak, where it does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication in org.keycloak.authentication. This flaw allows a remote user authenticated with a password to register a false second authentication factor along with an existing one and bypass authentication.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- High
- Privileges needed
- Low
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- Low
- Integrity
- Low
- Availability
- Low
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
Keycloak: secondary factor bypass in step-up authentication
A flaw was found in Keycloak, where it does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication in org.keycloak.authentication. This flaw allows a remote user authenticated with a password to register a false second authentication factor along with an existing one and bypass authentication.
- Record
CVE-2023-3597- CVSS 3.1
- 5.0 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-287
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2024-1090
A flaw was found in Keycloak, where it does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication in org.keycloak.authentication. This flaw allows a remote user authenticated with a password to register a false second authentication factor along with an existing one and bypass authentication.
- Record
EUVD-2024-1090- CVSS 3.1
- 5.0 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L - Updated
- 2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
Keycloak secondary factor bypass in step-up authentication
Keycloak does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication. A password-authed attacker could use this flaw to register a false second auth factor, alongside the existing one, to a targeted account. The second factor then permits step-up authentication.
- Record
GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4- CVSS 3.1
- 5.0 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-287, CWE-288
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
A flaw was found in Keycloak, where it does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication in org.keycloak.authentication. This flaw allows a remote user authenticated with a password to register a false second authentication factor along with an existing one and bypass authentication.
- Record
CVE-2023-3597- CVSS 3.1
- 5.0 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-287
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
Keycloak secondary factor bypass in step-up authentication
Keycloak does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication. A password-authed attacker could use this flaw to register a false second auth factor, alongside the existing one, to a targeted account. The second factor then permits step-up authentication.
- Record
GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4- CVSS 3.1
- 5.0 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-287, CWE-288
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
org.keycloak:keycloak-servicesMaven |
before 22.0.10 | 22.0.10 |
org.keycloak:keycloak-servicesMaven |
23.0.0 up to 24.0.3 | 24.0.3 |
org.keycloak:keycloak-servicesMaven |
before 22.0.10, plus listed versions 1.0-alpha-11.0-alpha-1-120620131.0-alpha-21.0-alpha-31.0-alpha-4 Show 45 moreShow less1.0-beta-11.0-beta-1-201505211.0-beta-1-201505231.0-beta-21.0-beta-31.0-beta-41.0-final1.0-rc-11.0-rc-21.0.1.Final1.0.2.Final1.0.3.Final1.0.4.Final1.0.5.Final1.1.0.Beta11.1.0.Beta21.1.0.Final1.1.1.Final1.2.0.Beta11.2.0.CR11.2.0.Final1.3.0.Final1.3.1.Final1.4.0.Final1.5.0-Final1.5.0.Final1.5.1.Final1.6.0.Final1.6.1.Final1.7.0.CR11.7.0.Final1.8.0.Alpha11.8.0.CR11.8.0.CR21.8.0.CR31.8.0.Final1.8.1.Final1.9.0.CR11.9.0.Final1.9.1.Final1.9.2.Final1.9.3.Final1.9.4.Final1.9.5.Final1.9.7.Final |
22.0.10 |
org.keycloak:keycloak-servicesMaven |
23.0.0 up to 24.0.3, plus listed versions 23.0.123.0.223.0.323.0.423.0.5 Show 5 moreShow less23.0.623.0.724.0.024.0.124.0.2 |
24.0.3 |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2023-3597 is a medium vulnerability (CVSS 5.0) in Red Hat Build Of Keycloak 22, published April 17, 2024. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.60%, the 49th percentile. Fixed in org.keycloak:keycloak-services 22.0.10.
References
Left out here: 110 versions. The JSON record has them.