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CVE-2024-28233

XSS in JupyterHub via Self-XSS leveraged by Cookie Tossing

8.1 HighFix available

JupyterHub is an open source multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server. The affected configurations are single-origin JupyterHub deployments and JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.1.0.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
Required

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
None

Exploit likelihood

0.33%Up 0.3 points since Mar 28, 2024
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 8.1

XSS in JupyterHub via Self-XSS leveraged by Cookie Tossing

JupyterHub is an open source multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server. The affected configurations are single-origin JupyterHub deployments and JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.1.0.

Record
CVE-2024-28233
CVSS 3.1
8.1 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Weakness
CWE-79, CWE-352, CWE-565
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2024-0861 8.1

JupyterHub is an open source multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server. The affected configurations are single-origin JupyterHub deployments and JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.1.0.

Record
EUVD-2024-0861
CVSS 3.1
8.1 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Updated
2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-7r3h-4ph8-w38g 8.1

Cross site scripting (XSS) in JupyterHub via Self-XSS leveraged by Cookie Tossing

Impact

Affected configurations:

  • Single-origin JupyterHub deployments
  • JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server.

By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve the following:

  • Full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server, e.g.
    • Create and exfiltrate an API Token
    • Exfiltrate all files hosted on the user's single-user server: notebooks, images, etc.
    • Install malicious extensions. They can be used as a backdoor to silently regain access to victim's session anytime.

Patches

To prevent cookie-tossing:

  • Upgrade to JupyterHub 4.1 (both hub and user environment)
  • enable per-user domains via c.JupyterHub.subdomain_host = "https://mydomain.example.org"
  • set c.JupyterHub.cookie_host_prefix_enabled = True to enable domain-locked cookies

or, if available (applies to earlier JupyterHub versions):

  • deploy jupyterhub on its own domain, not shared with any other services
  • enable per-user domains via c.JupyterHub.subdomain_host = "https://mydomain.example.org"
Record
GHSA-7r3h-4ph8-w38g
CVSS 3.1
8.1 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Weakness
CWE-79, CWE-352, CWE-565
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 8.1

JupyterHub is an open source multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server. The affected configurations are single-origin JupyterHub deployments and JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.1.0.

Record
CVE-2024-28233
CVSS 3.1
8.1 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CVSS 3.1
6.1 MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Weakness
CWE-79, CWE-352, CWE-565
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV 8.1

XSS in JupyterHub via Self-XSS leveraged by Cookie Tossing

JupyterHub is an open source multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server. The affected configurations are single-origin JupyterHub deployments and JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.1.0.

Record
CVE-2024-28233
CVSS 3.1
8.1 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Weakness
CWE-352, CWE-565, CWE-79
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVDEBIAN-CVE-2024-28233 6.1

JupyterHub is an open source multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server. The affected configurations are single-origin JupyterHub deployments and JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.1.0.

Record
DEBIAN-CVE-2024-28233
CVSS 3.1
6.1 MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Updated
2026-11-02
Show 4 moreShow less
OSVGHSA-7r3h-4ph8-w38g 8.1

Cross site scripting (XSS) in JupyterHub via Self-XSS leveraged by Cookie Tossing

Impact

Affected configurations:

  • Single-origin JupyterHub deployments
  • JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server.

By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve the following:

  • Full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server, e.g.
    • Create and exfiltrate an API Token
    • Exfiltrate all files hosted on the user's single-user server: notebooks, images, etc.
    • Install malicious extensions. They can be used as a backdoor to silently regain access to victim's session anytime.

Patches

To prevent cookie-tossing:

  • Upgrade to JupyterHub 4.1 (both hub and user environment)
  • enable per-user domains via c.JupyterHub.subdomain_host = "https://mydomain.example.org"
  • set c.JupyterHub.cookie_host_prefix_enabled = True to enable domain-locked cookies

or, if available (applies to earlier JupyterHub versions):

  • deploy jupyterhub on its own domain, not shared with any other services
  • enable per-user domains via c.JupyterHub.subdomain_host = "https://mydomain.example.org"
Record
GHSA-7r3h-4ph8-w38g
CVSS 3.1
8.1 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Weakness
CWE-352, CWE-565, CWE-79
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVPYSEC-2026-1480 8.1

Cross site scripting (XSS) in JupyterHub via Self-XSS leveraged by Cookie Tossing

Impact

Affected configurations:

  • Single-origin JupyterHub deployments
  • JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server.

By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve the following:

  • Full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server, e.g.
    • Create and exfiltrate an API Token
    • Exfiltrate all files hosted on the user's single-user server: notebooks, images, etc.
    • Install malicious extensions. They can be used as a backdoor to silently regain access to victim's session anytime.

Patches

To prevent cookie-tossing:

  • Upgrade to JupyterHub 4.1 (both hub and user environment)
  • enable per-user domains via c.JupyterHub.subdomain_host = "https://mydomain.example.org"
  • set c.JupyterHub.cookie_host_prefix_enabled = True to enable domain-locked cookies

or, if available (applies to earlier JupyterHub versions):

  • deploy jupyterhub on its own domain, not shared with any other services
  • enable per-user domains via c.JupyterHub.subdomain_host = "https://mydomain.example.org"
Record
PYSEC-2026-1480
CVSS 3.1
8.1 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2024-28233 8.1

JupyterHub is an open source multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server. The affected configurations are single-origin JupyterHub deployments and JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.1.0.

Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2024-28233
CVSS 3.1
8.1 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CVSS 3.1
6.1 MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVBIT-jupyterhub-2024-28233 No score

XSS in JupyterHub via Self-XSS leveraged by Cookie Tossing

JupyterHub is an open source multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server. The affected configurations are single-origin JupyterHub deployments and JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.1.0.

Record
BIT-jupyterhub-2024-28233
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
jupyterhub
PyPI
 before 4.1.0
4.1.0
jupyterhub
Bitnami
 before 4.1.0
4.1.0
jupyterhub
Debian:12
 All versions, plus listed versions
3.0.0+ds1-15.0.0+ds1-15.0.0+ds1-25.0.0+ds1-35.0.0+ds1-4
Show 5 moreShow less
5.2.1+ds1-15.2.1+ds1-25.2.1+ds1-35.2.1+ds1-45.2.1+ds1-5
 None known
jupyterhub
Debian:13
 before 5.0.0+ds1-1
5.0.0+ds1-1
jupyterhub
Debian:14
 before 5.0.0+ds1-1
5.0.0+ds1-1
jupyterhub
PyPI
 before 4.1.0, plus listed versions
0.1.00.2.00.3.00.4.00.4.1
Show 45 moreShow less
0.5.00.6.00.6.10.7.00.7.0b10.7.10.7.20.8.00.8.0b10.8.0b20.8.0b30.8.0b40.8.0b50.8.0rc10.8.0rc20.8.10.9.00.9.0b10.9.0b20.9.0b30.9.0rc10.9.10.9.20.9.30.9.40.9.50.9.61.0.01.0.0b11.0.0b21.1.01.1.0b11.2.01.2.0b11.2.11.2.21.3.01.4.01.4.11.4.21.5.01.5.12.0.02.0.0b12.0.0b2
4.1.0
jupyterhub
Ubuntu:22.04:LTS
 All versions, plus listed versions
2.0.0+ds1-12.0.0+ds1-2
 None known
jupyterhub
Ubuntu:24.04:LTS
 All versions, plus listed versions
3.0.0+ds1-1
 None known
jupyterhub
Ubuntu:25.10
 All versions, plus listed versions
5.2.1+ds1-25.2.1+ds1-35.2.1+ds1-4
 None known
jupyterhub
Ubuntu:26.10
 All versions, plus listed versions
5.2.1+ds1-45.2.1+ds1-5
 None known
jupyterhub
Ubuntu:26.04:LTS
 All versions, plus listed versions
5.2.1+ds1-4
 None known

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
aliases, publishedEUVD
first indexedCVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2024-28233 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 8.1) in Jupyter Jupyterhub, published March 27, 2024. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.33%, the 26th percentile. Fixed in jupyterhub 4.1.0.

References

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Left out here: 24 versions. The JSON record has them.

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