CVE-2024-50226

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cxl/port: Fix use-after-free, permit out-of-order decoder shutdown In support of investigating an initialization failure report [1], cxl_test was updated to register mock memory-devices after the mock root-port/bus device had been registered. That led to cxl_test crashing with a use-after-free bug with the following signature: cxl_port_attach_region: cxl region3: cxl_host_bridge.0:port3 decoder3.0 add: mem0:decoder7.0 @ 0 next: cxl_switch_uport.0 nr_eps: 1 nr_targets: 1 cxl_port_attach_region: cxl region3: cxl_host_bridge.0:port3 decoder3.0 add: mem4:decoder14.0 @ 1 next: cxl_switch_uport.0 nr_eps: 2 nr_targets: 1 cxl_port_setup_targets: cxl region3: cxl_switch_uport.0:port6 target[0] = cxl_switch_dport.0 for mem0:decoder7.0 @ 0 1) cxl_port_setup_targets: cxl region3: cxl_switch_uport.0:port6 target[1] = cxl_switch_dport.4 for mem4:decoder14.0 @ 1 [..] cxld_unregister: cxl decoder14.0: cxl_region_decode_reset: cxl_region region3: mock_decoder_reset: cxl_port port3: decoder3.0 reset 2) mock_decoder_reset: cxl_port port3: decoder3.0: out of order reset, expected decoder3.1 cxl_endpoint_decoder_release: cxl decoder14.0: [..] cxld_unregister: cxl decoder7.0: 3) cxl_region_decode_reset: cxl_region region3: Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0x6b6b6b6b6b6b6bc3: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI [..] RIP: 0010:to_cxl_port+0x8/0x60 [cxl_core] [..] Call Trace: <TASK> cxl_region_decode_reset+0x69/0x190 [cxl_core] cxl_region_detach+0xe8/0x210 [cxl_core] cxl_decoder_kill_region+0x27/0x40 [cxl_core] cxld_unregister+0x5d/0x60 [cxl_core] At 1) a region has been established with 2 endpoint decoders (7.0 and 14.0). Those endpoints share a common switch-decoder in the topology (3.0). At teardown, 2), decoder14.0 is the first to be removed and hits the "out of order reset case" in the switch decoder. The effect though is that region3 cleanup is aborted leaving it in-tact and referencing decoder14.0. At 3) the second attempt to teardown region3 trips over the stale decoder14.0 object which has long since been deleted. The fix here is to recognize that the CXL specification places no mandate on in-order shutdown of switch-decoders, the driver enforces in-order allocation, and hardware enforces in-order commit. So, rather than fail and leave objects dangling, always remove them. In support of making cxl_region_decode_reset() always succeed, cxl_region_invalidate_memregion() failures are turned into warnings. Crashing the kernel is ok there since system integrity is at risk if caches cannot be managed around physical address mutation events like CXL region destruction. A new device_for_each_child_reverse_from() is added to cleanup port->commit_end after all dependent decoders have been disabled. In other words if decoders are allocated 0->1->2 and disabled 1->2->0 then port->commit_end only decrements from 2 after 2 has been disabled, and it decrements all the way to zero since 1 was disabled previously.

The Linux Kernel, the operating system core itself.

Security Fix(es):

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

KVM: SVM: WARN on vNMI + NMI window iff NMIs are outright masked

When requesting an NMI window, WARN on vNMI support being enabled if and only if NMIs are actually masked, i.e. if the vCPU is already handling an NMI. KVM's ABI for NMIs that arrive simultanesouly (from KVM's point of view) is to inject one NMI and pend the other. When using vNMI, KVM pends the second NMI simply by setting V_NMI_PENDING, and lets the CPU do the rest (hardware automatically sets V_NMI_BLOCKING when an NMI is injected).

However, if KVM can't immediately inject an NMI, e.g. because the vCPU is in an STI shadow or is running with GIF=0, then KVM will request an NMI window and trigger the WARN (but still function correctly).

Whether or not the GIF=0 case makes sense is debatable, as the intent of KVM's behavior is to provide functionality that is as close to real hardware as possible. E.g. if two NMIs are sent in quick succession, the probability of both NMIs arriving in an STI shadow is infinitesimally low on real hardware, but significantly larger in a virtual environment, e.g. if the vCPU is preempted in the STI shadow. For GIF=0, the argument isn't as clear cut, because the window where two NMIs can collide is much larger in bare metal (though still small).

That said, KVM should not have divergent behavior for the GIF=0 case based on whether or not vNMI support is enabled. And KVM has allowed simultaneous NMIs with GIF=0 for over a decade, since commit 7460fb4a3400 ("KVM: Fix simultaneous NMIs"). I.e. KVM's GIF=0 handling shouldn't be modified without a really good reason to do so, and if KVM's behavior were to be modified, it should be done irrespective of vNMI support.(CVE-2024-39483)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

serial: sc16is7xx: fix invalid FIFO access with special register set

When enabling access to the special register set, Receiver time-out and RHR interrupts can happen. In this case, the IRQ handler will try to read from the FIFO thru the RHR register at address 0x00, but address 0x00 is mapped to DLL register, resulting in erroneous FIFO reading.

Call graph example: sc16is7xx_startup(): entry sc16is7xx_ms_proc(): entry sc16is7xx_set_termios(): entry sc16is7xx_set_baud(): DLH/DLL = $009C --> access special register set sc16is7xx_port_irq() entry --> IIR is 0x0C sc16is7xx_handle_rx() entry sc16is7xx_fifo_read(): --> unable to access FIFO (RHR) because it is mapped to DLL (LCR=LCR_CONF_MODE_A) sc16is7xx_set_baud(): exit --> Restore access to general register set

Fix the problem by claiming the efr_lock mutex when accessing the Special register set.(CVE-2024-44950)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

s390/dasd: fix error recovery leading to data corruption on ESE devices

Extent Space Efficient (ESE) or thin provisioned volumes need to be formatted on demand during usual IO processing.

The dasd_ese_needs_format function checks for error codes that signal the non existence of a proper track format.

The check for incorrect length is to imprecise since other error cases leading to transport of insufficient data also have this flag set. This might lead to data corruption in certain error cases for example during a storage server warmstart.

Fix by removing the check for incorrect length and replacing by explicitly checking for invalid track format in transport mode.

Also remove the check for file protected since this is not a valid ESE handling case.(CVE-2024-45026)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/amd/display: Add missing NULL pointer check within dpcd_extend_address_range

[Why & How]…

Root has patched CVE-2024-50226 in the linux package for Root:Debian:12. Multiple fixed versions available.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cxl/port: Fix use-after-free, permit out-of-order decoder shutdown In support of investigating an initialization failure report [1], cxl_test was updated to register mock memory-devices after the mock root-port/bus device had been registered. That led to cxl_test crashing with a use-after-free bug with the following signature: cxl_port_attach_region: cxl region3: cxl_host_bridge.0:port3 decoder3.0 add: mem0:decoder7.0 @ 0 next: cxl_switch_uport.0 nr_eps: 1 nr_targets: 1 cxl_port_attach_region: cxl region3: cxl_host_bridge.0:port3 decoder3.0 add: mem4:decoder14.0 @ 1 next: cxl_switch_uport.0 nr_eps: 2 nr_targets: 1 cxl_port_setup_targets: cxl region3: cxl_switch_uport.0:port6 target[0] = cxl_switch_dport.0 for mem0:decoder7.0 @ 0 1) cxl_port_setup_targets: cxl region3: cxl_switch_uport.0:port6 target[1] = cxl_switch_dport.4 for mem4:decoder14.0 @ 1 [..] cxld_unregister: cxl decoder14.0: cxl_region_decode_reset: cxl_region region3: mock_decoder_reset: cxl_port port3: decoder3.0 reset 2) mock_decoder_reset: cxl_port port3: decoder3.0: out of order reset, expected decoder3.1 cxl_endpoint_decoder_release: cxl decoder14.0: [..] cxld_unregister: cxl decoder7.0: 3) cxl_region_decode_reset: cxl_region region3: Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0x6b6b6b6b6b6b6bc3: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI [..] RIP: 0010:to_cxl_port+0x8/0x60 [cxl_core] [..] Call Trace: <TASK> cxl_region_decode_reset+0x69/0x190 [cxl_core] cxl_region_detach+0xe8/0x210 [cxl_core] cxl_decoder_kill_region+0x27/0x40 [cxl_core] cxld_unregister+0x5d/0x60 [cxl_core] At 1) a region has been established with 2 endpoint decoders (7.0 and 14.0). Those endpoints share a common switch-decoder in the topology (3.0). At teardown, 2), decoder14.0 is the first to be removed and hits the "out of order reset case" in the switch decoder. The effect though is that region3 cleanup is aborted leaving it in-tact and referencing decoder14.0. At 3) the second attempt to teardown region3 trips over the stale decoder14.0 object which has long since been deleted. The fix here is to recognize that the CXL specification places no mandate on in-order shutdown of switch-decoders, the driver enforces in-order allocation, and hardware enforces in-order commit. So, rather than fail and leave objects dangling, always remove them. In support of making cxl_region_decode_reset() always succeed, cxl_region_invalidate_memregion() failures are turned into warnings. Crashing the kernel is ok there since system integrity is at risk if caches cannot be managed around physical address mutation events like CXL region destruction. A new device_for_each_child_reverse_from() is added to cleanup port->commit_end after all dependent decoders have been disabled. In other words if decoders are allocated 0->1->2 and disabled 1->2->0 then port->commit_end only decrements from 2 after 2 has been disabled, and it decrements all the way to zero since 1 was disabled previously.

The kernel packages contain the Linux kernel, the core of any Linux operating system.

Security Fix(es):

• kernel: bpf: Fix overrunning reservations in ringbuf (CVE-2024-41009)
• kernel: USB: serial: mos7840: fix crash on resume (CVE-2024-42244)
• kernel: cxl/port: Fix use-after-free, permit out-of-order decoder shutdown (CVE-2024-50226)

For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.

Vanilla upstream kernel version 6.6.61 fixes bugs and vulnerabilities. For information about the vulnerabilities see the links.

Upstream kernel version 6.6.61 fixes bugs and vulnerabilities. The bluez, kmod-virtualbox and kmod-xtables-addons packages have been updated to work with this new kernel. For information about the vulnerabilities see the links.

These are all security issues fixed in the kernel-devel-6.11.8-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.

These are all security issues fixed in the kernel-devel-longterm-6.12.11-1.1 package on the GA media of openSUSE Tumbleweed.

Attila Szász discovered that the HFS+ file system implementation in the Linux Kernel contained a heap overflow vulnerability. An attacker could use a specially crafted file system image that, when mounted, could cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2025-0927)

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM32 architecture;
• ARM64 architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• SuperH RISC architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• ATA over ethernet (AOE) driver;
• RAM backed block device driver;
• Network block device driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;
• EDAC drivers;
• FireWire subsystem;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• EFI core;
• Qualcomm firmware drivers;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• I2C subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device core drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• Virtio pmem driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Parport drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• Alibaba DDR Sub-System Driveway PMU driver;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• Powercap sysfs driver;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• StarFive reset controller drivers;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• SuperH / SH-Mobile drivers;
• QCOM SoC drivers;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• Direct Digital Synthesis drivers;
• Media staging drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• Thermal drivers;
• Thunderbolt and USB4 drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• USB Device Class drivers;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• USB Type-C support driver;
• USB Type-C Port Controller Manager driver;
• TI TPS6598x USB Power Delivery controller driver;
• USB Type-C Connector System Software Interface driver;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Virtio drivers;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• AFS file system;
• BTRFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• EROFS file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• GFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file systems library;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• File system notification infrastructure;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Proc file system;
• SMB network file system;
• UBI file system;
• BPF subsystem;
• Network file system (NFS) superblock;
• Virtio network driver;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• Network traffic control;
• Network sockets;
• TCP network protocol;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• User-space API (UAPI);
• Kernel init infrastructure; -…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• SuperH RISC architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• RAM backed block device driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• EDAC drivers;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• EFI core;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• LED subsystem;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• StarFive reset controller drivers;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• i.MX SoC drivers;
• QCOM SoC drivers;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• UFS subsystem;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• USB Type-C support driver;
• USB Type-C Port Controller Manager driver;
• USB Type-C Connector System Software Interface driver;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• AFS file system;
• BTRFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• EROFS file system;
• F2FS file system;
• JFFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file systems library;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Overlay file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• UBI file system;
• DRM display driver;
• BPF subsystem;
• StackDepot library;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• Netfilter;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• User-space API (UAPI);
• Kernel init infrastructure;
• io_uring subsystem;
• IPC subsystem;
• DMA mapping infrastructure;
• Kernel fork() syscall;
• KCSAN framework;
• RCU subsystem;
• Arbitrary resource management;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Signal handling mechanism;
• Task handling mechanism;
• Timer subsystem;
• KUnit library;
• Memory management;
• 9P file system network protocol;
• CAN network layer;
• Networking core;
• DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol);
• Ethtool driver;
• HSR network protocol;
• IEEE802154.4 network protocol;
• IPv4 networking;
• IPv6 networking;
• IUCV driver;
• MAC80211 subsystem;
• Multipath TCP;
• Packet sockets;
• RxRPC session sockets;
• Network traffic control;
• SCTP protocol;
• SMC sockets;
• Sun RPC protocol;
• TIPC protocol;
• VMware vSockets driver;
• Wireless networking;
• eXpress Data Path;
• XFRM subsystem;
• Integrity Measurement Architecture(IMA) framework;
• Key management;
• ALSA framework;
• FireWire sound drivers;
• HD-audio driver;
• MediaTek ASoC drivers;
• QCOM ASoC drivers;
• SoC audio core drivers;
• STMicroelectronics SoC drivers;
• USB sound devices; (CVE-2024-50288, CVE-2024-56568, CVE-2024-50280, CVE-2024-56677, CVE-2024-56620, CVE-2024-53108, CVE-2024-53115, CVE-2024-53061,…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• SuperH RISC architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• RAM backed block device driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• EDAC drivers;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• EFI core;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• LED subsystem;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• StarFive reset controller drivers;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• i.MX SoC drivers;
• QCOM SoC drivers;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• UFS subsystem;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• USB Type-C support driver;
• USB Type-C Port Controller Manager driver;
• USB Type-C Connector System Software Interface driver;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• AFS file system;
• BTRFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• EROFS file system;
• F2FS file system;
• JFFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file systems library;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Overlay file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• UBI file system;
• DRM display driver;
• BPF subsystem;
• StackDepot library;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• Netfilter;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• User-space API (UAPI);
• Kernel init infrastructure;
• io_uring subsystem;
• IPC subsystem;
• DMA mapping infrastructure;
• Kernel fork() syscall;
• KCSAN framework;
• RCU subsystem;
• Arbitrary resource management;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Signal handling mechanism;
• Task handling mechanism;
• Timer subsystem;
• KUnit library;
• Memory management;
• 9P file system network protocol;
• CAN network layer;
• Networking core;
• DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol);
• Ethtool driver;
• HSR network protocol;
• IEEE802154.4 network protocol;
• IPv4 networking;
• IPv6 networking;
• IUCV driver;
• MAC80211 subsystem;
• Multipath TCP;
• Packet sockets;
• RxRPC session sockets;
• Network traffic control;
• SCTP protocol;
• SMC sockets;
• Sun RPC protocol;
• TIPC protocol;
• VMware vSockets driver;
• Wireless networking;
• eXpress Data Path;
• XFRM subsystem;
• Integrity Measurement Architecture(IMA) framework;
• Key management;
• ALSA framework;
• FireWire sound drivers;
• HD-audio driver;
• MediaTek ASoC drivers;
• QCOM ASoC drivers;
• SoC audio core drivers;
• STMicroelectronics SoC drivers;
• USB sound devices; (CVE-2022-49034, CVE-2024-56632, CVE-2024-53177, CVE-2024-56679, CVE-2024-48881, CVE-2024-56690, CVE-2024-50216, CVE-2024-50269,…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• SuperH RISC architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• RAM backed block device driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• EDAC drivers;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• EFI core;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• LED subsystem;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• StarFive reset controller drivers;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• i.MX SoC drivers;
• QCOM SoC drivers;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• UFS subsystem;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• USB Type-C support driver;
• USB Type-C Port Controller Manager driver;
• USB Type-C Connector System Software Interface driver;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• AFS file system;
• BTRFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• EROFS file system;
• F2FS file system;
• JFFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file systems library;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Overlay file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• UBI file system;
• DRM display driver;
• BPF subsystem;
• StackDepot library;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• Netfilter;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• User-space API (UAPI);
• Kernel init infrastructure;
• io_uring subsystem;
• IPC subsystem;
• DMA mapping infrastructure;
• Kernel fork() syscall;
• KCSAN framework;
• RCU subsystem;
• Arbitrary resource management;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Signal handling mechanism;
• Task handling mechanism;
• Timer subsystem;
• KUnit library;
• Memory management;
• 9P file system network protocol;
• CAN network layer;
• Networking core;
• DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol);
• Ethtool driver;
• HSR network protocol;
• IEEE802154.4 network protocol;
• IPv4 networking;
• IPv6 networking;
• IUCV driver;
• MAC80211 subsystem;
• Multipath TCP;
• Packet sockets;
• RxRPC session sockets;
• Network traffic control;
• SCTP protocol;
• SMC sockets;
• Sun RPC protocol;
• TIPC protocol;
• VMware vSockets driver;
• Wireless networking;
• eXpress Data Path;
• XFRM subsystem;
• Integrity Measurement Architecture(IMA) framework;
• Key management;
• ALSA framework;
• FireWire sound drivers;
• HD-audio driver;
• MediaTek ASoC drivers;
• QCOM ASoC drivers;
• SoC audio core drivers;
• STMicroelectronics SoC drivers;
• USB sound devices; (CVE-2024-50051, CVE-2024-56546, CVE-2024-56551, CVE-2024-53236, CVE-2024-50244, CVE-2024-53043, CVE-2024-56694, CVE-2025-21700,…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• SuperH RISC architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• RAM backed block device driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• EDAC drivers;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• EFI core;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• LED subsystem;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• Virtio pmem driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Parport drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• StarFive reset controller drivers;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• SuperH / SH-Mobile drivers;
• i.MX SoC drivers;
• QCOM SoC drivers;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• Direct Digital Synthesis drivers;
• Media staging drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• Thermal drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• USB Type-C support driver;
• USB Type-C Port Controller Manager driver;
• TI TPS6598x USB Power Delivery controller driver;
• USB Type-C Connector System Software Interface driver;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• AFS file system;
• BTRFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• EROFS file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• JFFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file systems library;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Overlay file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• UBI file system;
• DRM display driver;
• BPF subsystem;
• Network file system (NFS) superblock;
• StackDepot library;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• Network namespace;
• Netfilter;
• Network traffic control;
• Network sockets;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• User-space API (UAPI);
• Kernel init infrastructure;
• io_uring subsystem;
• IPC subsystem;
• DMA mapping infrastructure;
• Kernel fork() syscall;
• KCSAN framework;
• Kernel thread helper (kthread);
• RCU subsystem;
• Arbitrary resource management;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Signal handling mechanism;
• Task handling mechanism;
• Timer subsystem;
• KUnit library;
• Maple Tree data structure library;
• Memory management;
• 9P file system network protocol;
• Ethernet bridge;
• CAN network layer;
• Networking core;
• DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol);
• Ethtool driver;
• HSR network protocol;
• IEEE802154.4 network protocol;
• IPv4 networking;
• IPv6 networking;
• IUCV driver;
• MAC80211 subsystem;
• Multipath TCP;
• Netlink;
• Packet sockets;…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• SuperH RISC architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• RAM backed block device driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• EDAC drivers;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• EFI core;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• LED subsystem;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• StarFive reset controller drivers;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• i.MX SoC drivers;
• QCOM SoC drivers;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• UFS subsystem;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• USB Type-C support driver;
• USB Type-C Port Controller Manager driver;
• USB Type-C Connector System Software Interface driver;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• AFS file system;
• BTRFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• EROFS file system;
• F2FS file system;
• JFFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file systems library;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Overlay file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• UBI file system;
• DRM display driver;
• BPF subsystem;
• StackDepot library;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• Netfilter;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• User-space API (UAPI);
• Kernel init infrastructure;
• io_uring subsystem;
• IPC subsystem;
• DMA mapping infrastructure;
• Kernel fork() syscall;
• KCSAN framework;
• RCU subsystem;
• Arbitrary resource management;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Signal handling mechanism;
• Task handling mechanism;
• Timer subsystem;
• KUnit library;
• Memory management;
• 9P file system network protocol;
• CAN network layer;
• Networking core;
• DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol);
• Ethtool driver;
• HSR network protocol;
• IEEE802154.4 network protocol;
• IPv4 networking;
• IPv6 networking;
• IUCV driver;
• MAC80211 subsystem;
• Multipath TCP;
• Packet sockets;
• RxRPC session sockets;
• Network traffic control;
• SCTP protocol;
• SMC sockets;
• Sun RPC protocol;
• TIPC protocol;
• VMware vSockets driver;
• Wireless networking;
• eXpress Data Path;
• XFRM subsystem;
• Integrity Measurement Architecture(IMA) framework;
• Key management;
• ALSA framework;
• FireWire sound drivers;
• HD-audio driver;
• MediaTek ASoC drivers;
• QCOM ASoC drivers;
• SoC audio core drivers;
• STMicroelectronics SoC drivers;
• USB sound devices; (CVE-2024-56724, CVE-2024-50108, CVE-2024-56631, CVE-2024-50236, CVE-2022-49034, CVE-2024-50133, CVE-2024-53108, CVE-2024-56605,…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• SuperH RISC architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• RAM backed block device driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• EDAC drivers;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• EFI core;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• LED subsystem;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• StarFive reset controller drivers;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• i.MX SoC drivers;
• QCOM SoC drivers;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• Media staging drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• UFS subsystem;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• USB Type-C support driver;
• USB Type-C Port Controller Manager driver;
• USB Type-C Connector System Software Interface driver;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• AFS file system;
• BTRFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• EROFS file system;
• F2FS file system;
• JFFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file systems library;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Overlay file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• UBI file system;
• DRM display driver;
• BPF subsystem;
• StackDepot library;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• Netfilter;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• User-space API (UAPI);
• Kernel init infrastructure;
• io_uring subsystem;
• IPC subsystem;
• DMA mapping infrastructure;
• Kernel fork() syscall;
• KCSAN framework;
• RCU subsystem;
• Arbitrary resource management;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Signal handling mechanism;
• Task handling mechanism;
• Timer subsystem;
• KUnit library;
• Memory management;
• 9P file system network protocol;
• CAN network layer;
• Networking core;
• DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol);
• Ethtool driver;
• HSR network protocol;
• IEEE802154.4 network protocol;
• IPv4 networking;
• IPv6 networking;
• IUCV driver;
• MAC80211 subsystem;
• Multipath TCP;
• Packet sockets;
• RxRPC session sockets;
• Network traffic control;
• SCTP protocol;
• SMC sockets;
• Sun RPC protocol;
• TIPC protocol;
• VMware vSockets driver;
• Wireless networking;
• eXpress Data Path;
• XFRM subsystem;
• Integrity Measurement Architecture(IMA) framework;
• Key management;
• ALSA framework;
• FireWire sound drivers;
• HD-audio driver;
• MediaTek ASoC drivers;
• QCOM ASoC drivers;
• SoC audio core drivers;
• STMicroelectronics SoC drivers;
• USB sound devices; (CVE-2024-53187, CVE-2024-50268, CVE-2024-53161, CVE-2024-56721, CVE-2024-53059, CVE-2024-53217, CVE-2022-49034, CVE-2024-53061,…

Michael Randrianantenaina discovered that the Bluetooth driver in the Linux Kernel contained an improper access control vulnerability. A nearby attacker could use this to connect a rougue device and possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2024-8805)

Attila Szász discovered that the HFS+ file system implementation in the Linux Kernel contained a heap overflow vulnerability. An attacker could use a specially crafted file system image that, when mounted, could cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2025-0927)

It was discovered that the CIFS network file system implementation in the Linux kernel did not properly verify the target namespace when handling upcalls. An attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2025-2312)

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• SuperH RISC architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• ATA over ethernet (AOE) driver;
• RAM backed block device driver;
• Network block device driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• EDAC drivers;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• EFI core;
• iSCSI Boot Firmware Table Attributes driver;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• I2C subsystem;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device core drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• LED subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Ethernet bonding driver;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• Virtio pmem driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Parport drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• StarFive reset controller drivers;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• SuperH / SH-Mobile drivers;
• i.MX SoC drivers;
• QCOM SoC drivers;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• Direct Digital Synthesis drivers;
• Media staging drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• Thermal drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• USB Device Class drivers;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• USB Type-C support driver;
• USB Type-C Port Controller Manager driver;
• TI TPS6598x USB Power Delivery controller driver;
• USB Type-C Connector System Software Interface driver;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• AFS file system;
• BTRFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• EROFS file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• JFFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file systems library;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Overlay file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• UBI file system; …

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• SuperH RISC architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• RAM backed block device driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Virtio block driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• EDAC drivers;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• EFI core;
• iSCSI Boot Firmware Table Attributes driver;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• Microsoft Hyper-V drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• LED subsystem;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Microchip PCI driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• Virtio pmem driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Parport drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• Power supply drivers;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• StarFive reset controller drivers;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• SuperH / SH-Mobile drivers;
• i.MX SoC drivers;
• QCOM SoC drivers;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• Direct Digital Synthesis drivers;
• Media staging drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• Thermal drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• USB Type-C support driver;
• USB Type-C Port Controller Manager driver;
• TI TPS6598x USB Power Delivery controller driver;
• USB Type-C Connector System Software Interface driver;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Framebuffer layer;
• TDX Guest driver;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• AFS file system;
• BTRFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• EROFS file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• JFFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file systems library;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Overlay file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• UBI file system;
• DRM display driver;
• BPF subsystem;
• VLANs driver;
• Kernel Samepage Merging mechanism;
• Memory management;
• Network file system (NFS) superblock;
• Kernel stack handling interfaces;
• StackDepot library;
• Task handling mechanism;
• userfaultfd() syscall;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• LAPB network protocol;
• Network namespace;
• Netfilter;
• Network traffic control;
• Network sockets;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• User-space API (UAPI);
• Kernel init infrastructure;
• io_uring subsystem;
• IPC subsystem;
• Control group (cgroup);
• DMA mapping infrastructure;
• Kernel fork() syscall;
• KCSAN framework;
• Kernel thread helper (kthread);
• RCU subsystem;
• Arbitrary resource management;
• Scheduler infrastructure; -…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• PowerPC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• SuperH RISC architecture;
• User-Mode Linux (UML);
• x86 architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• RAM backed block device driver;
• Ublk userspace block driver;
• Virtio block driver;
• Compressed RAM block device driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• TPM device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework;
• DMA engine subsystem;
• EDAC drivers;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• ARM SCPI message protocol;
• EFI core;
• iSCSI Boot Firmware Table Attributes driver;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• HID subsystem;
• Microsoft Hyper-V drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• I3C subsystem;
• IIO ADC drivers;
• IIO subsystem;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• IRQ chip drivers;
• LED subsystem;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Multifunction device drivers;
• Microchip PCI driver;
• MMC subsystem;
• MTD block device drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NTB driver;
• Virtio pmem driver;
• NVME drivers;
• Parport drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• PHY drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• x86 platform drivers;
• i.MX PM domains;
• Power supply drivers;
• Voltage and Current Regulator drivers;
• StarFive reset controller drivers;
• Real Time Clock drivers;
• SCSI subsystem;
• SuperH / SH-Mobile drivers;
• i.MX SoC drivers;
• QCOM SoC drivers;
• Xilinx SoC drivers;
• SPI subsystem;
• Direct Digital Synthesis drivers;
• Media staging drivers;
• TCM subsystem;
• Thermal drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• DesignWare USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• USB Dual Role (OTG-ready) Controller drivers;
• USB Serial drivers;
• USB Type-C support driver;
• USB Type-C Port Controller Manager driver;
• TI TPS6598x USB Power Delivery controller driver;
• USB Type-C Connector System Software Interface driver;
• vDPA drivers;
• VFIO drivers;
• Framebuffer layer;
• TDX Guest driver;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• AFS file system;
• BTRFS file system;
• File systems infrastructure;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• EROFS file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• JFFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file systems library;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Overlay file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• UBI file system;
• DRM display driver;
• BPF subsystem;
• VLANs driver;
• Kernel Samepage Merging mechanism;
• Memory management;
• Network file system (NFS) superblock;
• Kernel stack handling interfaces;
• StackDepot library;
• Task handling mechanism;
• userfaultfd() syscall;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• LAPB network protocol;
• Network namespace;
• Netfilter;
• Network traffic control;
• Network sockets;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• User-space API (UAPI);
• Kernel init infrastructure;
• io_uring subsystem;
• IPC subsystem;
• Control group (cgroup);
• DMA mapping infrastructure;
• Kernel fork() syscall;
• KCSAN framework;
• Kernel thread helper (kthread);
• RCU subsystem;
• Arbitrary resource management;
• Scheduler infrastructure; -…