CVE-2024-8796

Under the default configuration, Devise-Two-Factor versions >= 2.2.0 & < 6.0.0 generate TOTP shared secrets that are 120 bits instead of the 128-bit minimum defined by RFC 4226. Using a shared secret shorter than the minimum to generate a multi-factor authentication code could make it easier for an attacker to guess the shared secret and generate valid TOTP codes.

Under the default configuration, Devise-Two-Factor versions >= 2.2.0 & < 6.0.0 generate TOTP shared secrets that are 120 bits instead of the 128-bit minimum defined by RFC 4226. Using a shared secret shorter than the minimum to generate a multi-factor authentication code could make it easier for an attacker to guess the shared secret and generate valid TOTP codes.

Summary

Under the default configuration, Devise-Two-Factor versions 1.0.0 or >= 4.0.0 & < 6.0.0 generate TOTP shared secrets that are 120 bits instead of the 128-bit minimum defined by RFC 4226. Using a shared secret shorter than the minimum to generate a multi-factor authentication code could make it easier for an attacker to guess the shared secret and generate valid TOTP codes.

Remediation

Devise-Two-Factor should be upgraded to version v6.0.0 as soon as possible. After upgrading, the length of shared secrets and TOTP URLs generated by the library will increase since the new shared secrets will be longer.

If upgrading is not possible, you can override the default otp_secret_length attribute in the model when configuring two_factor_authenticable and set it to a value of at least 26 to ensure newly generated shared secrets are at least 128-bits long.

After upgrading or implementing the workaround, applications using Devise-Two-Factor may wish to migrate users to the new OTP length to provide increased protection for those accounts. Turning off OTP for users by setting otp_required_for_login to false is not recommended since it would leave accounts unprotected. However, you may wish to implement application logic that checks the length of a user's shared secret and prompts users to re-enroll in OTP.

Background

Devise-Two-Factor uses ROTP to generate shared secrets for TOTP. In ROTP < 5.0.0, the first argument to the ROTP::Base32#random_base32 function represented the number of bytes to read from SecureRandom which were then returned as a base32-encoded string. In ROTP 5.1.0, this function was changed so that the first argument now represents the length of the base32-encoded string returned by the function instead of the number of bytes to read from SecureRandom resulting in a shorter key being generated for the same input value. (https://github.com/mdp/rotp/commit/15d5104e3cb99f97d36c772f8f09cf7e2e77de20).

Under the default configuration, Devise-Two-Factor versions >= 2.2.0 & < 6.0.0 generate TOTP shared secrets that are 120 bits instead of the 128-bit minimum defined by RFC 4226. Using a shared secret shorter than the minimum to generate a multi-factor authentication code could make it easier for an attacker to guess the shared secret and generate valid TOTP codes.

Under the default configuration, Devise-Two-Factor versions >= 2.2.0 & < 6.0.0 generate TOTP shared secrets that are 120 bits instead of the 128-bit minimum defined by RFC 4226. Using a shared secret shorter than the minimum to generate a multi-factor authentication code could make it easier for an attacker to guess the shared secret and generate valid TOTP codes.

Under the default configuration, Devise-Two-Factor versions >= 2.2.0 & < 6.0.0 generate TOTP shared secrets that are 120 bits instead of the 128-bit minimum defined by RFC 4226. Using a shared secret shorter than the minimum to generate a multi-factor authentication code could make it easier for an attacker to guess the shared secret and generate valid TOTP codes.

Summary

Under the default configuration, Devise-Two-Factor versions 1.0.0 or >= 4.0.0 & < 6.0.0 generate TOTP shared secrets that are 120 bits instead of the 128-bit minimum defined by RFC 4226. Using a shared secret shorter than the minimum to generate a multi-factor authentication code could make it easier for an attacker to guess the shared secret and generate valid TOTP codes.

Remediation

Devise-Two-Factor should be upgraded to version v6.0.0 as soon as possible. After upgrading, the length of shared secrets and TOTP URLs generated by the library will increase since the new shared secrets will be longer.

If upgrading is not possible, you can override the default otp_secret_length attribute in the model when configuring two_factor_authenticable and set it to a value of at least 26 to ensure newly generated shared secrets are at least 128-bits long.

After upgrading or implementing the workaround, applications using Devise-Two-Factor may wish to migrate users to the new OTP length to provide increased protection for those accounts. Turning off OTP for users by setting otp_required_for_login to false is not recommended since it would leave accounts unprotected. However, you may wish to implement application logic that checks the length of a user's shared secret and prompts users to re-enroll in OTP.

Background

Devise-Two-Factor uses ROTP to generate shared secrets for TOTP. In ROTP < 5.0.0, the first argument to the ROTP::Base32#random_base32 function represented the number of bytes to read from SecureRandom which were then returned as a base32-encoded string. In ROTP 5.1.0, this function was changed so that the first argument now represents the length of the base32-encoded string returned by the function instead of the number of bytes to read from SecureRandom resulting in a shorter key being generated for the same input value. (https://github.com/mdp/rotp/commit/15d5104e3cb99f97d36c772f8f09cf7e2e77de20).

Under the default configuration, Devise-Two-Factor versions >= 2.2.0 & < 6.0.0 generate TOTP shared secrets that are 120 bits instead of the 128-bit minimum defined by RFC 4226. Using a shared secret shorter than the minimum to generate a multi-factor authentication code could make it easier for an attacker to guess the shared secret and generate valid TOTP codes.

Benoit Côté-Jodoin and Michael Nipper discovered that Devise-Two-Factor incorrectly handled one-time password validation. An attacker could possibly use this issue to intercept and re-use a one-time password. (CVE-2021-43177)

Garrett Rappaport discovered that Devise-Two-Factor incorrectly handled generating multi-factor authentication codes. An attacker could possibly use this issue to generate valid multi-factor authentication codes. (CVE-2024-8796)