CVE-2025-12816

Summary

CVE-2025-12816 has been reserved by CERT/CC

Description An Interpretation Conflict (CWE-436) vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft ASN.1 structures to desynchronize schema validations, yielding a semantic divergence that may bypass downstream cryptographic verifications and security decisions.

Details

A critical ASN.1 validation bypass vulnerability exists in the node-forge asn1.validate function within forge/lib/asn1.js. ASN.1 is a schema language that defines data structures, like the typed record schemas used in X.509, PKCS#7, PKCS#12, etc. DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules), a strict binary encoding of ASN.1, is what cryptographic code expects when verifying signatures, and the exact bytes and structure must match the schema used to compute and verify the signature. After deserializing DER, Forge uses static ASN.1 validation schemas to locate the signed data or public key, compute digests over the exact bytes required, and feed digest and signature fields into cryptographic primitives.

This vulnerability allows a specially crafted ASN.1 object to desynchronize the validator on optional boundaries, causing a malformed optional field to be semantically reinterpreted as the subsequent mandatory structure. This manifests as logic bypasses in cryptographic algorithms and protocols with optional security features (such as PKCS#12, where MACs are treated as absent) and semantic interpretation conflicts in strict protocols (such as X.509, where fields are read as the wrong type).

Impact

This flaw allows an attacker to desynchronize the validator, allowing critical components like digital signatures or integrity checks to be skipped or validated against attacker-controlled data.

This vulnerability impacts the ans1.validate function in node-forge before patched version 1.3.2. https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/blob/main/lib/asn1.js.

The following components in node-forge are impacted. lib/asn1.js lib/x509.js lib/pkcs12.js lib/pkcs7.js lib/rsa.js lib/pbe.js lib/ed25519.js

Any downstream application using these components is impacted.

These components may be leveraged by downstream applications in ways that enable full compromise of integrity, leading to potential availability and confidentiality compromises.

Root has patched CVE-2025-12816 in the node-forge package for Root:npm. Multiple fixed versions available.

An interpretation-conflict (CWE-436) vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and earlier enables unauthenticated attackers to craft ASN.1 structures to desynchronize schema validations, yielding a semantic divergence that may bypass downstream cryptographic verifications and security decisions.

An interpretation-conflict (CWE-436) vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and earlier enables unauthenticated attackers to craft ASN.1 structures to desynchronize schema validations, yielding a semantic divergence that may bypass downstream cryptographic verifications and security decisions.

This update for golang-github-prometheus-prometheus fixes the following issues:

Update to version 3.5.0:

Security issues fixed:

• CVE-2025-13465: prototype pollution in the _.unset and _.omit functions can lead to deletion of methods from global (bsc#1257329).
• CVE-2025-12816: interpretation conflict vulnerability allowing bypassing cryptographic verifications (bsc#1255588).

Other updates and bugfixes:

• Update to 3.5.0 (jsc#PED-13824):

  • [FEATURE] Remote-write: Add support for Azure Workload Identity as an authentication method for the receiver.
  • [FEATURE] PromQL: Add first_over_time(...) and ts_of_first_over_time(...) behind feature flag.
  • [FEATURE] Federation: Add support for native histograms with custom buckets (NHCB).
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Add warn-level annotations for counter reset conflicts in certain histogram operations.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] UI: Add scrape interval and scrape timeout to targets page.

• Update to 3.4.0:

  • Add unified AWS service discovery for ec2, lightsail and ecs services.
  • [FEATURE] Native histograms are now a stable, but optional feature.
  • [FEATURE] UI: Show detailed relabeling steps for each discovered target.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] Alerting: Add "unknown" state for alerting rules that haven't been evaluated yet.
  • [BUGFIX] Scrape: Fix a bug where scrape cache would not be cleared on startup.

• Update to 3.3.0:

  • [FEATURE] Spring Boot 3.3 includes support for the Prometheus Client 1.x.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] Dependency management for Dropwizard Metrics has been removed.

• Update to 3.2.0:

  • [FEATURE] OAuth2: support jwt-bearer grant-type (RFC7523 3.1).
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Reconcile mismatched NHCB bounds in Add and Sub.
  • [BUGFIX] TSDB: Native Histogram Custom Bounds with a NaN threshold are now rejected.

• Update to 3.1.0:

  • [FEATURE] Remote-write 2 (receiving): Update to 2.0-rc.4 spec. "created timestamp" (CT) is now called "start timestamp" (ST).
  • [BUGFIX] Mixin: Add static UID to the remote-write dashboard.

• Update to 3.0.1:

  • [BUGFIX] Promql: Make subqueries left open.
  • [BUGFIX] Fix memory leak when query log is enabled.
  • [BUGFIX] Support utf8 names on /v1/label/:name/values endpoint.

• Update to 3.0.0:

  • [CHANGE] Deprecated feature flags removed.
  • [FEATURE] New UI.
  • [FEATURE] Remote Write 2.0.
  • [FEATURE] OpenTelemetry Support.
  • [FEATURE] UTF-8 support is now stable and enabled by default.
  • [FEATURE] OTLP Ingestion.
  • [FEATURE] Native Histograms.
  • [BUGFIX] PromQL: Fix count_values for histograms.
  • [BUGFIX] TSDB: Fix race on stale values in headAppender.
  • [BUGFIX] UI: Fix selector / series formatting for empty metric names.

• Update to 2.55.0:

  • [FEATURE] PromQL: Add last_over_time function.
  • [FEATURE] Agent: Add prometheus_agent_build_info metric.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Optimise group() and group by().
  • [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Reduce memory usage when loading blocks.
  • [BUGFIX] Scrape: Fix a bug where a target could be scraped multiple times.

• Update to 2.54.0:

  • [CHANGE] Remote-Write: highest_timestamp_in_seconds and queue_highest_sent_timestamp_seconds metrics now initialized to 0.
  • [CHANGE] API: Split warnings from info annotations in API response.
  • [FEATURE] Remote-Write: Version 2.0 experimental, plus metadata in WAL via feature flag.
  • [FEATURE] PromQL: add limitk() and limit_ratio() aggregation operators.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Accept underscores in literal numbers.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: float literal numbers and durations are now interchangeable (experimental).
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL (experimental native histograms): Optimize histogram_count and histogram_sum functions.
  • [BUGFIX] PromQL: Fix various issues with native histograms.
  • [BUGFIX] TSDB: Fix race on stale values in headAppender.
  • [BUGFIX] OTLP receiver: Allow colons in non-standard units.

This update fixes the following issues:

golang-github-QubitProducts-exporter_exporter:

• Non-customer-facing optimization around source building

golang-github-boynux-squid_exporter:

• Update to version 1.13.0 (jsc#PED-14971)
  • Add support for squid-internal-mgr path for metrics.
• Update to version 1.12.0
  • Add TLS and basic authentication support for the web interface.
• Update to version 1.11.0
  • Allow adding custom labels to all metrics.
• Update to version 1.10.0
  • Add ability to configure the exporter using environment variables.
  • Add support for Squid 6
  • Add squid_up metric
  • Add squid_scrape_duration_seconds metric
  • Add squid_scrape_error metric
• Update to version 1.9.0
  • Add process_open_fds metric to monitor open file descriptors.
  • Use CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH capability to allow reading process information without running as root.
• Update to version 1.8.0
  • Add various service time metrics to provide more detailed performance data.
• Update to version 1.7.0
  • Add support for basic authentication against the Squid proxy.
  • Fix squid_client_http_requests_total metric
• Upstream changes for v1.9.0:
  • Use CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH capability to allow reading process information without running as root.
• Upstream changes for v1.8.0:
  • Add various service time metrics to provide more detailed performance data.
• Upstream changes for v1.7.0: Squid proxy.Update to version 1.10.0
  • Add ability to configure the exporter using environment variables.
  • Add process_open_fds metric to monitor open file descriptors.
  • Use CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH capability to allow reading process information without running as root.
  • Add various service time metrics to provide more detailed performance data.
  • Add support for basic authentication against the Squid proxy.
• Use current distro go default version. Use auto-versioning on SUSE as well.

golang-github-lusitaniae-apache_exporter:

• Build without apparmor for openSUSE Leap 16, SLES 16 or newer
• Update to version 1.0.10
  • Update github.com/prometheus/client_golang to 1.21.1
  • Update github.com/prometheus/common to 0.63.0
  • Update github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit to 0.14.0
• Update to version 1.0.9
  • Update github.com/prometheus/client_golang to 1.20.4
  • Update github.com/prometheus/common to 0.59.1
  • Update github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit to 0.13.0
  • Migrate logging to log/slog
  • Fix signal handler logging

golang-github-prometheus-alertmanager:

• Require gcc11-c++ for building with SLE 12

golang-github-prometheus-node_exporter:

• Require gcc11-c++ for building with SLE 12

golang-github-prometheus-prometheus:

• Security issues fixed:

  • CVE-2025-12816: Interpretation conflict vulnerability allowing bypassing cryptographic verifications (bsc#1255588)

• Update to 3.5.0 (jsc#PED-13824): This is a Long-Term Support (LTS) release.

  • [FEATURE] Remote-write: Add support for Azure Workload Identity as an authentication method for the receiver.
  • [FEATURE] PromQL: Add first_over_time(...) and ts_of_first_over_time(...) behind feature flag.
  • [FEATURE] Federation: Add support for native histograms with custom buckets (NHCB).
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Add warn-level annotations for counter reset conflicts in certain histogram operations.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] UI: Add scrape interval and scrape timeout to targets page.

• Update to 3.4.0:

  • [FEATURE] SD: Add unified AWS service discovery for ec2, lightsail and ecs services.
  • [FEATURE] Native histograms are now a stable, but optional feature.
  • [FEATURE] UI: Show detailed relabeling steps for each discovered target.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] Alerting: Add 'unknown' state for alerting rules that haven't been evaluated yet.
  • [BUGFIX] Scrape: Fix a bug where scrape cache would not be cleared on startup.

• Update to 3.3.0:

  • [FEATURE] Spring Boot 3.3 includes support for the Prometheus Client 1.x.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] Dependency…

This update fixes the following issues:

dracut-saltboot:

• Update to version 1.1.0
  • Retry DHCP requests up to 3 times (bsc#1253004)

golang-github-QubitProducts-exporter_exporter:

• Non-customer-facing optimization around source building

golang-github-boynux-squid_exporter:

• Update to version 1.13.0 (jsc#PED-14971)
  • Add support for squid-internal-mgr path for metrics.
• Update to version 1.12.0
  • Add TLS and basic authentication support for the web interface.
• Update to version 1.11.0
  • Allow adding custom labels to all metrics.
• Update to version 1.10.0
  • Add ability to configure the exporter using environment variables.
  • Add support for Squid 6
  • Add squid_up metric
  • Add squid_scrape_duration_seconds metric
  • Add squid_scrape_error metric
• Update to version 1.9.0
  • Add process_open_fds metric to monitor open file descriptors.
  • Use CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH capability to allow reading process information without running as root.
• Update to version 1.8.0
  • Add various service time metrics to provide more detailed performance data.
• Update to version 1.7.0
  • Add support for basic authentication against the Squid proxy.
  • Fix squid_client_http_requests_total metric
• Upstream changes for v1.9.0:
  • Use CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH capability to allow reading process information without running as root.
• Upstream changes for v1.8.0:
  • Add various service time metrics to provide more detailed performance data.
• Upstream changes for v1.7.0: Squid proxy.Update to version 1.10.0
  • Add ability to configure the exporter using environment variables.
  • Add process_open_fds metric to monitor open file descriptors.
  • Use CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH capability to allow reading process information without running as root.
  • Add various service time metrics to provide more detailed performance data.
  • Add support for basic authentication against the Squid proxy.
• Use current distro go default version. Use auto-versioning on SUSE as well.

golang-github-lusitaniae-apache_exporter:

• Build without apparmor for openSUSE Leap 16, SLES 16 or newer
• Require Go 1.23 for building
• Update to version 1.0.10
  • Update github.com/prometheus/client_golang to 1.21.1
  • Update github.com/prometheus/common to 0.63.0
  • Update github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit to 0.14.0
• Update to version 1.0.9
  • Update github.com/prometheus/client_golang to 1.20.4
  • Update github.com/prometheus/common to 0.59.1
  • Update github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit to 0.13.0
  • Migrate logging to log/slog
  • Fix signal handler logging

golang-github-prometheus-alertmanager:

• Non-customer-facing optimization around source building

golang-github-prometheus-node_exporter:

• Non-customer-facing optimization around source building

golang-github-prometheus-prometheus:

• CVE-2025-12816: Interpretation conflict vulnerability allowing bypassing cryptographic verifications (bsc#1255588)
• Update to 3.5.0 (jsc#PED-13824): This is a Long-Term Support (LTS) release.
  • [FEATURE] Remote-write: Add support for Azure Workload Identity as an authentication method for the receiver.
  • [FEATURE] PromQL: Add first_over_time(...) and ts_of_first_over_time(...) behind feature flag.
  • [FEATURE] Federation: Add support for native histograms with custom buckets (NHCB).
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Add warn-level annotations for counter reset conflicts in certain histogram operations.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] UI: Add scrape interval and scrape timeout to targets page.
• Update to 3.4.0:
  • [FEATURE] SD: Add unified AWS service discovery for ec2, lightsail and ecs services.
  • [FEATURE] Native histograms are now a stable, but optional feature.
  • [FEATURE] UI: Show detailed relabeling steps for each discovered target.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] Alerting: Add 'unknown' state for alerting rules that haven't been evaluated yet.
  • [BUGFIX] Scrape: Fix a bug where scrape cache would not be cleared on startup. -…

This update for Prometheus fixes the following issues:

golang-github-prometheus-alertmanager, golang-github-prometheus-node_exporter:

• Internal changes to fix build issues with no impact for customers

golang-github-prometheus-prometheus:

• Security issues fixed:

  • CVE-2026-27606: Fixed arbitrary file write via path traversal in rollup (bsc#1258893)
  • CVE-2026-25547: Fixed unbounded brace range expansion leading to excessive CPU and memory consumption (bsc#1257841)
  • CVE-2026-1615, CVE-2025-61140 The old web UI is no longer built due to security issues (bsc#1257897, bsc#1257442)
  • CVE-2025-13465: Bump lodash package to version 4.17.23 to fix prototype pollution vulnerability (bsc#1257329)
  • CVE-2025-12816: Interpretation conflict vulnerability allowing bypassing cryptographic verifications (bsc#1255588)

• Version update from 2.53.4 to 3.5.0 with the following highlighted changes (jsc#PED-13824):

  • Modernized Interface: Introduced a brand-new UI
  • Enhanced Cloud and Auth: Added unified AWS service discovery (EC2, ECS, Lightsail) and Azure Workload Identity support for more secure, native cloudauthentication.
  • Performance Standards: Fully integrated OpenTelemetry (OTLP) ingestion and moved Native Histograms from experimental to a stable feature.
  • Advanced Data Export: Rolled out Remote Write 2.0, offering better performance and metadata handling when sending data to external systems.
  • Query Power: Added new PromQL functions (like first_over_time and last_over_time) and optimization for grouping operations.
  • Better Visibility: The UI now displays detailed relabeling steps, scrape intervals, and timeouts, making it easier to troubleshoot why targets aren't reporting correctly.
  • Critical Fixes: Resolved significant memory leaks related to query logging and fixed bugs where targets were accidentally being scraped multiple times.

This update fixes the following issues:

dracut-saltboot:

• Version update to 1.1.0:

  • Retry DHCP requests up to 3 times (bsc#1253004)

golang-github-QubitProducts-exporter_exporter:

• Non-customer-facing optimization and update

golang-github-boynux-squid_exporter:

• Version update from 1.6.0 to 1.13.0 with the following highlighted changes and fixes (jsc#PED-14971):

  • Added compatibility for Squid 6 and support for the squid-internal-mgr metrics path
  • Added TLS and Basic Authentication to the exporter’s web interface
  • Added support for the exporter to authenticate against the Squid proxy itself
  • Allow the gathering of process information without requiring root privileges
  • The exporter can now be configured using environment variables
  • Added support for custom labels to all exported metrics for better data filtering
  • New metrics to track if Squid is running (squid_up), how long a scrape takes, and if any errors occurred
  • Added 'service time' metrics to analyze proxy speed and performance.
  • Added a metric for open file descriptors (process_open_fds) to help prevent connection bottlenecks
  • Corrected the squid_client_http_requests_total metric to ensure accurate reporting

golang-github-lusitaniae-apache_exporter:

• Version update from 1.0.8 to 1.0.10:

  • Updated github.com/prometheus/client_golang to 1.21.1
  • Updated github.com/prometheus/common to 0.63.0
  • Updated github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit to 0.14.0
  • Fixed signal handler logging

golang-github-prometheus-prometheus:

• Security issues fixed:

  • CVE-2026-27606: Fixed arbitrary file write via path traversal in rollup (bsc#1258893)
  • CVE-2026-25547: Fixed unbounded brace range expansion leading to excessive CPU and memory consumption (bsc#1257841)
  • CVE-2026-1615, CVE-2025-61140 The old web UI is no longer built due to security issues (bsc#1257897, bsc#1257442)
  • CVE-2025-13465: Bump lodash package to version 4.17.23 to fix prototype pollution vulnerability (bsc#1257329)
  • CVE-2025-12816: Interpretation conflict vulnerability allowing bypassing cryptographic verifications (bsc#1255588)

• Version update from 2.53.4 to 3.5.0 with the following highlighted changes (jsc#PED-13824):

  • Modernized Interface: Introduced a brand-new UI
  • Enhanced Cloud and Auth: Added unified AWS service discovery (EC2, ECS, Lightsail) and Azure Workload Identity support for more secure, native cloudauthentication.
  • Performance Standards: Fully integrated OpenTelemetry (OTLP) ingestion and moved Native Histograms from experimental to a stable feature.
  • Advanced Data Export: Rolled out Remote Write 2.0, offering better performance and metadata handling when sending data to external systems.
  • Query Power: Added new PromQL functions (like first_over_time and last_over_time) and optimization for grouping operations
  • Better Visibility: The UI now displays detailed relabeling steps, scrape intervals, and timeouts, making it easier to troubleshoot why targets aren't reporting correctly.
  • Critical Fixes: Resolved significant memory leaks related to query logging and fixed bugs where targets were accidentally being scraped multiple times

grafana:

• Security issues fixed:

  • CVE-2026-21722: Public dashboards annotations: use dashboard timerange if time selection disabled (bsc#1258136)
  • CVE-2026-21721: Fixed access control by the dashboard permissions API (bsc#1257337)
  • CVE-2026-21720: Fixed unauthenticated DoS (bsc#1257349)
  • CVE-2025-68156: Fixed potential DoS via unbounded recursion in builtin functions (bsc#1255340)
  • CVE-2025-3415: Fixedexposure of DingDing alerting integration URL to Viewer level users (bsc#1245302)

• Version update from 11.5.10 to 11.6.11 with the following highlighted changes and fixes:

  • Performance Boost: Introduced WebGL-powered geomaps for smoother map visualizations and removed blurred backgrounds from UI overlays to speed up the interface *…

Maintenance update for Multi-Linux Manager 4.3 Release Notes Release Notes:

This is a codestream only update

This update for golang-github-prometheus-prometheus fixes the following issues:

Update to version 3.5.0:

Security issues fixed:

• CVE-2025-13465: prototype pollution in the _.unset and _.omit functions can lead to deletion of methods from global (bsc#1257329).
• CVE-2025-12816: interpretation conflict vulnerability allowing bypassing cryptographic verifications (bsc#1255588).

Other updates and bugfixes:

• Update to 3.5.0 (jsc#PED-13824):

  • [FEATURE] Remote-write: Add support for Azure Workload Identity as an authentication method for the receiver.
  • [FEATURE] PromQL: Add first_over_time(...) and ts_of_first_over_time(...) behind feature flag.
  • [FEATURE] Federation: Add support for native histograms with custom buckets (NHCB).
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Add warn-level annotations for counter reset conflicts in certain histogram operations.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] UI: Add scrape interval and scrape timeout to targets page.

• Update to 3.4.0:

  • Add unified AWS service discovery for ec2, lightsail and ecs services.
  • [FEATURE] Native histograms are now a stable, but optional feature.
  • [FEATURE] UI: Show detailed relabeling steps for each discovered target.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] Alerting: Add "unknown" state for alerting rules that haven't been evaluated yet.
  • [BUGFIX] Scrape: Fix a bug where scrape cache would not be cleared on startup.

• Update to 3.3.0:

  • [FEATURE] Spring Boot 3.3 includes support for the Prometheus Client 1.x.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] Dependency management for Dropwizard Metrics has been removed.

• Update to 3.2.0:

  • [FEATURE] OAuth2: support jwt-bearer grant-type (RFC7523 3.1).
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Reconcile mismatched NHCB bounds in Add and Sub.
  • [BUGFIX] TSDB: Native Histogram Custom Bounds with a NaN threshold are now rejected.

• Update to 3.1.0:

  • [FEATURE] Remote-write 2 (receiving): Update to 2.0-rc.4 spec. "created timestamp" (CT) is now called "start timestamp" (ST).
  • [BUGFIX] Mixin: Add static UID to the remote-write dashboard.

• Update to 3.0.1:

  • [BUGFIX] Promql: Make subqueries left open.
  • [BUGFIX] Fix memory leak when query log is enabled.
  • [BUGFIX] Support utf8 names on /v1/label/:name/values endpoint.

• Update to 3.0.0:

  • [CHANGE] Deprecated feature flags removed.
  • [FEATURE] New UI.
  • [FEATURE] Remote Write 2.0.
  • [FEATURE] OpenTelemetry Support.
  • [FEATURE] UTF-8 support is now stable and enabled by default.
  • [FEATURE] OTLP Ingestion.
  • [FEATURE] Native Histograms.
  • [BUGFIX] PromQL: Fix count_values for histograms.
  • [BUGFIX] TSDB: Fix race on stale values in headAppender.
  • [BUGFIX] UI: Fix selector / series formatting for empty metric names.

• Update to 2.55.0:

  • [FEATURE] PromQL: Add last_over_time function.
  • [FEATURE] Agent: Add prometheus_agent_build_info metric.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Optimise group() and group by().
  • [ENHANCEMENT] TSDB: Reduce memory usage when loading blocks.
  • [BUGFIX] Scrape: Fix a bug where a target could be scraped multiple times.

• Update to 2.54.0:

  • [CHANGE] Remote-Write: highest_timestamp_in_seconds and queue_highest_sent_timestamp_seconds metrics now initialized to 0.
  • [CHANGE] API: Split warnings from info annotations in API response.
  • [FEATURE] Remote-Write: Version 2.0 experimental, plus metadata in WAL via feature flag.
  • [FEATURE] PromQL: add limitk() and limit_ratio() aggregation operators.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: Accept underscores in literal numbers.
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL: float literal numbers and durations are now interchangeable (experimental).
  • [ENHANCEMENT] PromQL (experimental native histograms): Optimize histogram_count and histogram_sum functions.
  • [BUGFIX] PromQL: Fix various issues with native histograms.
  • [BUGFIX] TSDB: Fix race on stale values in headAppender.
  • [BUGFIX] OTLP receiver: Allow colons in non-standard units.