CVE-2025-14542
Command execution in python-utcp allows attackers to achieve remote code execution when fetching a remote Manual from a malicious endpoint
The vulnerability arises when a client fetches a tools’ JSON specification, known as a Manual, from a remote Manual Endpoint. While a provider may initially serve a benign manual (e.g., one defining an HTTP tool call), earning the clients’ trust, a malicious provider can later change the manual to exploit the client.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- High
- Privileges needed
- None
- User interaction
- Required
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
Command execution in python-utcp allows attackers to achieve remote code execution when fetching a remote Manual from a malicious endpoint
The vulnerability arises when a client fetches a tools’ JSON specification, known as a Manual, from a remote Manual Endpoint. While a provider may initially serve a benign manual (e.g., one defining an HTTP tool call), earning the clients’ trust, a malicious provider can later change the manual to exploit the client.
- Record
CVE-2025-14542- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-501
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-203260
The vulnerability arises when a client fetches a tools’ JSON specification, known as a Manual, from a remote Manual Endpoint. While a provider may initially serve a benign manual (e.g., one defining an HTTP tool call), earning the clients’ trust, a malicious provider can later change the manual to exploit the client.
- Record
EUVD-2025-203260- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-75mj-4g74-9rg2
Universal Tool Calling Protocol (UTCP) client library for Python vulnerable to Trust Boundary Violation through Manual JSON specification
The vulnerability arises when a client fetches a tools’ JSON specification, known as a Manual, from a remote Manual Endpoint. While a provider may initially serve a benign manual (e.g., one defining an HTTP tool call), earning the clients’ trust, a malicious provider can later change the manual to exploit the client.
- Record
GHSA-75mj-4g74-9rg2- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-501
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
The vulnerability arises when a client fetches a tools’ JSON specification, known as a Manual, from a remote Manual Endpoint. While a provider may initially serve a benign manual (e.g., one defining an HTTP tool call), earning the clients’ trust, a malicious provider can later change the manual to exploit the client.
- Record
CVE-2025-14542- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-501
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
Command execution in python-utcp allows attackers to achieve remote code execution when fetching a remote Manual from a malicious endpoint
The vulnerability arises when a client fetches a tools’ JSON specification, known as a Manual, from a remote Manual Endpoint. While a provider may initially serve a benign manual (e.g., one defining an HTTP tool call), earning the clients’ trust, a malicious provider can later change the manual to exploit the client.
- Record
CVE-2025-14542- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-501
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-75mj-4g74-9rg2
Universal Tool Calling Protocol (UTCP) client library for Python vulnerable to Trust Boundary Violation through Manual JSON specification
The vulnerability arises when a client fetches a tools’ JSON specification, known as a Manual, from a remote Manual Endpoint. While a provider may initially serve a benign manual (e.g., one defining an HTTP tool call), earning the clients’ trust, a malicious provider can later change the manual to exploit the client.
- Record
GHSA-75mj-4g74-9rg2- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-501
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVPYSEC-2026-2000
Universal Tool Calling Protocol (UTCP) client library for Python vulnerable to Trust Boundary Violation through Manual JSON specification
The vulnerability arises when a client fetches a tools’ JSON specification, known as a Manual, from a remote Manual Endpoint. While a provider may initially serve a benign manual (e.g., one defining an HTTP tool call), earning the clients’ trust, a malicious provider can later change the manual to exploit the client.
- Record
PYSEC-2026-2000- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected packages
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2025-14542 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 7.5) in utcp, published December 13, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.26%, the 18th percentile. Fixed in utcp 1.1.0.
References
research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/python-utcp-untrusted-manual-command-execution-jfsa-2025-001648329
github.com/universal-tool-calling-protocol/python-utcp/commit/2dc9c02df72cad3770c934959325ec344b441444
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14542
pypi.org/project/pip