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CVE-2025-24357

vLLM allows a malicious model RCE by torch.load in hf_model_weights_iterator

7.5 HighFix available

vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
High
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
Required

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Exploit likelihood

0.89%Up 0.8 points since Jan 28, 2025
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 7.5

vLLM allows a malicious model RCE by torch.load in hf_model_weights_iterator

vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.

Record
CVE-2025-24357
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-502
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-0192 7.5

vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.

Record
EUVD-2025-0192
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-rh4j-5rhw-hr54 7.5

vllm: Malicious model to RCE by torch.load in hf_model_weights_iterator

Description

The vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It use torch.load function and weights_only parameter is default value False. There is a security warning on https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.load.html, when torch.load load a malicious pickle data it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling.

Impact

This vulnerability can be exploited to execute arbitrary codes and OS commands in the victim machine who fetch the pretrained repo remotely.

Note that most models now use the safetensors format, which is not vulnerable to this issue.

References

Record
GHSA-rh4j-5rhw-hr54
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-502
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 7.5

vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.

Record
CVE-2025-24357
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-502
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV 7.5

vLLM allows a malicious model RCE by torch.load in hf_model_weights_iterator

vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.

Record
CVE-2025-24357
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-502
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-rh4j-5rhw-hr54 7.5

vllm: Malicious model to RCE by torch.load in hf_model_weights_iterator

Description

The vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It use torch.load function and weights_only parameter is default value False. There is a security warning on https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.load.html, when torch.load load a malicious pickle data it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling.

Impact

This vulnerability can be exploited to execute arbitrary codes and OS commands in the victim machine who fetch the pretrained repo remotely.

Note that most models now use the safetensors format, which is not vulnerable to this issue.

References

Record
GHSA-rh4j-5rhw-hr54
CVSS 3.1
7.5 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-502
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVPYSEC-2025-58 8.8

vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.

Record
PYSEC-2025-58
CVSS 3.1
8.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
vllm
PyPI
before 0.7.0
0.7.0
vllm
PyPI
before 0.7.0, plus listed versions
0.0.10.1.00.1.10.1.20.1.3
Show 42 moreShow less
0.1.40.1.50.1.60.1.70.2.00.2.10.2.1.post10.2.20.2.30.2.40.2.50.2.60.2.70.3.00.3.10.3.20.3.30.4.00.4.0.post10.4.10.4.20.4.30.5.00.5.0.post10.5.10.5.20.5.30.5.3.post10.5.40.5.50.6.00.6.10.6.1.post10.6.1.post20.6.20.6.30.6.3.post10.6.40.6.4.post10.6.50.6.60.6.6.post1
0.7.0

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
aliases, publishedEUVD
first indexedCVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2025-24357 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 7.5) in Vllm, published January 27, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.89%, the 59th percentile. Fixed in vllm 0.7.0.

References

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