CVE-2025-24357
vLLM allows a malicious model RCE by torch.load in hf_model_weights_iterator
vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- High
- Privileges needed
- None
- User interaction
- Required
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
7.5
vLLM allows a malicious model RCE by torch.load in hf_model_weights_iterator
vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.
- Record
CVE-2025-24357- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-502
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-0192
7.5
vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.
- Record
EUVD-2025-0192- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-rh4j-5rhw-hr54
7.5
vllm: Malicious model to RCE by torch.load in hf_model_weights_iterator
Description
The vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It use torch.load function and weights_only parameter is default value False. There is a security warning on https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.load.html, when torch.load load a malicious pickle data it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling.
Impact
This vulnerability can be exploited to execute arbitrary codes and OS commands in the victim machine who fetch the pretrained repo remotely.
Note that most models now use the safetensors format, which is not vulnerable to this issue.
References
- Record
GHSA-rh4j-5rhw-hr54- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-502
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
7.5
vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.
- Record
CVE-2025-24357- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - CVSS 3.1
- 8.8 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-502
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
7.5
vLLM allows a malicious model RCE by torch.load in hf_model_weights_iterator
vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.
- Record
CVE-2025-24357- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-502
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-rh4j-5rhw-hr54
7.5
vllm: Malicious model to RCE by torch.load in hf_model_weights_iterator
Description
The vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It use torch.load function and weights_only parameter is default value False. There is a security warning on https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.load.html, when torch.load load a malicious pickle data it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling.
Impact
This vulnerability can be exploited to execute arbitrary codes and OS commands in the victim machine who fetch the pretrained repo remotely.
Note that most models now use the safetensors format, which is not vulnerable to this issue.
References
- Record
GHSA-rh4j-5rhw-hr54- CVSS 3.1
- 7.5 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-502
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVPYSEC-2025-58
8.8
vLLM is a library for LLM inference and serving. vllm/model_executor/weight_utils.py implements hf_model_weights_iterator to load the model checkpoint, which is downloaded from huggingface. It uses the torch.load function and the weights_only parameter defaults to False. When torch.load loads malicious pickle data, it will execute arbitrary code during unpickling. This vulnerability is fixed in v0.7.0.
- Record
PYSEC-2025-58- CVSS 3.1
- 8.8 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
vllmPyPI |
before 0.7.0 | 0.7.0 |
vllmPyPI |
before 0.7.0, plus listed versions 0.0.10.1.00.1.10.1.20.1.3 Show 42 moreShow less0.1.40.1.50.1.60.1.70.2.00.2.10.2.1.post10.2.20.2.30.2.40.2.50.2.60.2.70.3.00.3.10.3.20.3.30.4.00.4.0.post10.4.10.4.20.4.30.5.00.5.0.post10.5.10.5.20.5.30.5.3.post10.5.40.5.50.6.00.6.10.6.1.post10.6.1.post20.6.20.6.30.6.3.post10.6.40.6.4.post10.6.50.6.60.6.6.post1 |
0.7.0 |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| aliases, published | EUVD | |
| first indexed | CVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2025-24357 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 7.5) in Vllm, published January 27, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.89%, the 59th percentile. Fixed in vllm 0.7.0.
References
github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-rh4j-5rhw-hr54
github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/12366
github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/d3d6bb13fb62da3234addf6574922a4ec0513d04
pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.load.html
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24357
github.com/vllm-project/vllm/releases/tag/v0.7.0