CVE-2025-24959
Environment Variable Injection for dotenv API in zx
zx is a tool for writing better scripts. An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into process.env. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through dotenv.stringify are particularly vulnerable. This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to dotenv.stringify. Specifically, avoid using ", ', and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Local
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- Low
- User interaction
- Active
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- Low
- Integrity
- Low
- Availability
- Low
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
1.0
Environment Variable Injection for dotenv API in zx
zx is a tool for writing better scripts. An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into process.env. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through dotenv.stringify are particularly vulnerable. This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to dotenv.stringify. Specifically, avoid using ", ', and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.
- Record
CVE-2025-24959- CVSS 4.0
- 1.0 Low
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - Weakness
- CWE-94
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-0220
1.0
zx is a tool for writing better scripts. An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into process.env. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through dotenv.stringify are particularly vulnerable. This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to dotenv.stringify. Specifically, avoid using ", ', and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.
- Record
EUVD-2025-0220- CVSS 4.0
- 1.0 Low
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - Updated
- 2026-11-03
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87
5.2
ZX Allows Environment Variable Injection for dotenv API
Impact
This vulnerability is an Environment Variable Injection issue in dotenv.stringify, affecting google/zx version 8.3.1.
An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into process.env. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through dotenv.stringify are particularly vulnerable.
Patches
This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to dotenv.stringify. Specifically, avoid using ", ', and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.
References
- Record
GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87- CVSS 3.1
- 5.2 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-74
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
1.0
zx is a tool for writing better scripts. An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into process.env. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through dotenv.stringify are particularly vulnerable. This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to dotenv.stringify. Specifically, avoid using ", ', and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.
- Record
CVE-2025-24959- CVSS 4.0
- 1.0 Low
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X - Weakness
- CWE-94
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
1.0
Environment Variable Injection for dotenv API in zx
zx is a tool for writing better scripts. An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into process.env. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through dotenv.stringify are particularly vulnerable. This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to dotenv.stringify. Specifically, avoid using ", ', and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.
- Record
CVE-2025-24959- CVSS 4.0
- 1.0 Low
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - Weakness
- CWE-94
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87
5.2
ZX Allows Environment Variable Injection for dotenv API
Impact
This vulnerability is an Environment Variable Injection issue in dotenv.stringify, affecting google/zx version 8.3.1.
An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into process.env. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through dotenv.stringify are particularly vulnerable.
Patches
This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to dotenv.stringify. Specifically, avoid using ", ', and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.
References
- Record
GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87- CVSS 3.1
- 5.2 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-74
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2025-24959
1.0
zx is a tool for writing better scripts. An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into process.env. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through dotenv.stringify are particularly vulnerable. This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to dotenv.stringify. Specifically, avoid using ", ', and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.
- Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2025-24959- CVSS 4.0
- 1.0 Low
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
zxnpm |
8.3.1 to 8.3.1 | 8.3.2 |
zxnpm |
8.3.1 up to 8.3.2 | 8.3.2 |
node-zxUbuntu:24.04:LTS |
All versions, plus listed versions 7.1.1+~cs6.7.23-27.1.1+~cs6.7.23-3 |
None known |
node-zxUbuntu:25.10 |
All versions, plus listed versions 7.1.1+~cs6.7.23-3 |
None known |
node-zxUbuntu:26.10 |
All versions, plus listed versions 7.1.1+~cs6.7.23-37.1.1+~cs6.7.23-4 |
None known |
node-zxUbuntu:26.04:LTS |
All versions, plus listed versions 7.1.1+~cs6.7.23-3 |
None known |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| aliases, published | EUVD | |
| first indexed | CVE List, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2025-24959 is a low vulnerability (CVSS 1.0) in Google Zx, published February 3, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.18%, the 7th percentile. Fixed in zx 8.3.2.