CVE-2025-37731
Elasticsearch Improper Authentication
Improper Authentication in Elasticsearch PKI realm can lead to user impersonation via specially crafted client certificates. A malicious actor would need to have such a crafted client certificate signed by a legitimate, trusted Certificate Authority.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- High
- Privileges needed
- Low
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- None
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
Elasticsearch Improper Authentication
Improper Authentication in Elasticsearch PKI realm can lead to user impersonation via specially crafted client certificates. A malicious actor would need to have such a crafted client certificate signed by a legitimate, trusted Certificate Authority.
- Record
CVE-2025-37731- CVSS 3.1
- 6.8 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-287
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-203360
Improper Authentication in Elasticsearch PKI realm can lead to user impersonation via specially crafted client certificates. A malicious actor would need to have such a crafted client certificate signed by a legitimate, trusted Certificate Authority.
- Record
EUVD-2025-203360- CVSS 3.1
- 6.8 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-m9gh-789g-q5pv
Elasticsearch PKI Realm Authentication Bypass Vulnerability Allows User Impersonation Through Crafted Client Certificates
Improper Authentication in Elasticsearch PKI realm can lead to user impersonation via specially crafted client certificates. A malicious actor would need to have such a crafted client certificate signed by a legitimate, trusted Certificate Authority.
- Record
GHSA-m9gh-789g-q5pv- CVSS 3.1
- 6.8 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-287, CWE-295
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
Improper Authentication in Elasticsearch PKI realm can lead to user impersonation via specially crafted client certificates. A malicious actor would need to have such a crafted client certificate signed by a legitimate, trusted Certificate Authority.
- Record
CVE-2025-37731- CVSS 3.1
- 6.8 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - CVSS 3.1
- 7.4 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-287
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
Elasticsearch Improper Authentication
Improper Authentication in Elasticsearch PKI realm can lead to user impersonation via specially crafted client certificates. A malicious actor would need to have such a crafted client certificate signed by a legitimate, trusted Certificate Authority.
- Record
CVE-2025-37731- CVSS 3.1
- 6.8 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-287
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-m9gh-789g-q5pv
Elasticsearch PKI Realm Authentication Bypass Vulnerability Allows User Impersonation Through Crafted Client Certificates
Improper Authentication in Elasticsearch PKI realm can lead to user impersonation via specially crafted client certificates. A malicious actor would need to have such a crafted client certificate signed by a legitimate, trusted Certificate Authority.
- Record
GHSA-m9gh-789g-q5pv- CVSS 3.1
- 6.8 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-287, CWE-295
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2025-37731
CVE-2025-37731 in io.root.org.elasticsearch:elasticsearch - Patched by Root
Root has patched CVE-2025-37731 in the io.root.org.elasticsearch:elasticsearch package for Root:Maven. Multiple fixed versions available.
- Record
ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2025-37731- CVSS 3.1
- 6.8 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2025-37731
Improper Authentication in Elasticsearch PKI realm can lead to user impersonation via specially crafted client certificates. A malicious actor would need to have such a crafted client certificate signed by a legitimate, trusted Certificate Authority.
- Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2025-37731- CVSS 3.1
- 6.8 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - CVSS 3.1
- 7.4 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVBIT-elasticsearch-2025-37731 No score
Elasticsearch Improper Authentication
Improper Authentication in Elasticsearch PKI realm can lead to user impersonation via specially crafted client certificates. A malicious actor would need to have such a crafted client certificate signed by a legitimate, trusted Certificate Authority.
- Record
BIT-elasticsearch-2025-37731- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-securityMaven |
7.0.0-alpha1 up to 8.19.8 | 8.19.8 |
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-securityMaven |
9.0.0-beta1 up to 9.1.8 | 9.1.8 |
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-securityMaven |
9.2.0 up to 9.2.2 | 9.2.2 |
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-coreMaven |
7.0.0-alpha1 up to 8.19.8 | 8.19.8 |
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-coreMaven |
9.0.0-beta1 up to 9.1.8 | 9.1.8 |
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-coreMaven |
9.2.0 up to 9.2.2 | 9.2.2 |
elasticsearchBitnami |
before 8.19.8, 9.0.0 up to 9.1.8, 9.2.0 up to 9.2.2 | 8.19.89.1.89.2.2 |
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-securityMaven |
7.0.0-alpha1 up to 8.19.8, plus listed versions 7.10.07.10.17.10.27.11.07.11.1 Show 45 moreShow less7.11.27.12.07.12.17.13.07.13.17.13.27.13.37.13.47.14.07.14.17.14.27.15.07.15.17.15.27.16.07.16.17.16.27.16.37.17.07.17.17.17.107.17.117.17.127.17.137.17.147.17.157.17.167.17.177.17.187.17.197.17.27.17.207.17.217.17.227.17.237.17.247.17.257.17.267.17.277.17.287.17.297.17.37.17.47.17.57.17.6 |
8.19.8 |
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-securityMaven |
9.0.0-beta1 up to 9.1.8, plus listed versions 9.0.09.0.0-rc19.0.19.0.29.0.3 Show 13 moreShow less9.0.49.0.59.0.69.0.79.0.89.1.09.1.19.1.29.1.39.1.49.1.59.1.69.1.7 |
9.1.8 |
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-securityMaven |
9.2.0 up to 9.2.2, plus listed versions 9.2.1 |
9.2.2 |
Show 6 moreShow less
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-coreMaven |
7.0.0-alpha1 up to 8.19.8, plus listed versions 7.10.07.10.17.10.27.11.07.11.1 Show 45 moreShow less7.11.27.12.07.12.17.13.07.13.17.13.27.13.37.13.47.14.07.14.17.14.27.15.07.15.17.15.27.16.07.16.17.16.27.16.37.17.07.17.17.17.107.17.117.17.127.17.137.17.147.17.157.17.167.17.177.17.187.17.197.17.27.17.207.17.217.17.227.17.237.17.247.17.257.17.267.17.277.17.287.17.297.17.37.17.47.17.57.17.6 |
8.19.8 |
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-coreMaven |
9.0.0-beta1 up to 9.1.8, plus listed versions 9.0.09.0.0-rc19.0.19.0.29.0.3 Show 13 moreShow less9.0.49.0.59.0.69.0.79.0.89.1.09.1.19.1.29.1.39.1.49.1.59.1.69.1.7 |
9.1.8 |
org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-coreMaven |
9.2.0 up to 9.2.2, plus listed versions 9.2.1 |
9.2.2 |
io.root.org.elasticsearch:elasticsearchRoot:Maven |
before 9.1.3-root.io.1 | 9.1.3-root.io.19.2.0-root.io.19.1.3-root.io.29.2.0-root.io.29.1.3-root.io.3 |
org.elasticsearch:elasticsearchRoot:Maven |
before 9.2.0-aikido.2 | 9.2.0-aikido.29.1.3-aikido.3 |
elasticsearchUbuntu:16.04:LTS |
All versions, plus listed versions 1.6.2+dfsg-11.7.3+dfsg-11.7.3+dfsg-21.7.3+dfsg-3 |
None known |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2025-37731 is a medium vulnerability (CVSS 6.8) in Elastic Elasticsearch, published December 15, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.19%, the 8th percentile. Fixed in org.elasticsearch.plugin:x-pack-security 8.19.8.
References
discuss.elastic.co/t/elasticsearch-8-19-8-9-1-8-and-9-2-2-security-update-esa-2025-27/384063
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37731
github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/commit/cd97b8566bf56e628070021300784cb9cee0286f
Left out here: 218 versions. The JSON record has them.