CVE-2025-40210

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Revert "NFSD: Remove the cap on number of operations per NFSv4 COMPOUND" I've found that pynfs COMP6 now leaves the connection or lease in a strange state, which causes CLOSE9 to hang indefinitely. I've dug into it a little, but I haven't been able to root-cause it yet. However, I bisected to commit 48aab1606fa8 ("NFSD: Remove the cap on number of operations per NFSv4 COMPOUND"). Tianshuo Han also reports a potential vulnerability when decoding an NFSv4 COMPOUND. An attacker can place an arbitrarily large op count in the COMPOUND header, which results in: [ 51.410584] nfsd: vmalloc error: size 1209533382144, exceeds total pages, mode:0xdc0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO), nodemask=(null),cpuset=/,mems_allowed=0 when NFSD attempts to allocate the COMPOUND op array. Let's restore the operation-per-COMPOUND limit, but increased to 200 for now.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Revert "NFSD: Remove the cap on number of operations per NFSv4 COMPOUND" I've found that pynfs COMP6 now leaves the connection or lease in a strange state, which causes CLOSE9 to hang indefinitely. I've dug into it a little, but I haven't been able to root-cause it yet. However, I bisected to commit 48aab1606fa8 ("NFSD: Remove the cap on number of operations per NFSv4 COMPOUND"). Tianshuo Han also reports a potential vulnerability when decoding an NFSv4 COMPOUND. An attacker can place an arbitrarily large op count in the COMPOUND header, which results in: [ 51.410584] nfsd: vmalloc error: size 1209533382144, exceeds total pages, mode:0xdc0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO), nodemask=(null),cpuset=/,mems_allowed=0 when NFSD attempts to allocate the COMPOUND op array. Let's restore the operation-per-COMPOUND limit, but increased to 200 for now.

The kernel packages contain the Linux kernel, the core of any Linux operating system.

Security Fix(es):

• kernel: tcp_bpf: Fix the sk_mem_uncharge logic in tcp_bpf_sendmsg (CVE-2024-56633)
• kernel: KVM: x86: Load DR6 with guest value only before entering .vcpu_run() loop (CVE-2025-21839)
• kernel: block: fix resource leak in blk_register_queue() error path (CVE-2025-37980)
• kernel: dmaengine: idxd: fix memory leak in error handling path of idxd_alloc (CVE-2025-38015)
• kernel: espintcp: remove encap socket caching to avoid reference leak (CVE-2025-38097)
• kernel: bpf: fix ktls panic with sockmap (CVE-2025-38166)
• kernel: bpf: Check rcu_read_lock_trace_held() in bpf_map_lookup_percpu_elem() (CVE-2025-38202)
• kernel: bpf: Do not include stack ptr register in precision backtracking bookkeeping (CVE-2025-38279)
• kernel: ring-buffer: Do not trigger WARN_ON() due to a commit_overrun (CVE-2025-38267)
• kernel: phy: qcom-qmp-usb: Fix an NULL vs IS_ERR() bug (CVE-2025-38275)
• kernel: ftrace: Fix UAF when lookup kallsym after ftrace disabled (CVE-2025-38346)
• kernel: ACPICA: fix acpi operand cache leak in dswstate.c (CVE-2025-38345)
• kernel: nvmet: fix memory leak of bio integrity (CVE-2025-38405)
• kernel: netfilter: flowtable: account for Ethernet header in nf_flow_pppoe_proto() (CVE-2025-38441)
• kernel: net: vlan: fix VLAN 0 refcount imbalance of toggling filtering during runtime (CVE-2025-38470)
• kernel: fs: writeback: fix use-after-free in __mark_inode_dirty() (CVE-2025-39866)
• kernel: PCI/AER: Avoid NULL pointer dereference in aer_ratelimit() (CVE-2025-40034)
• kernel: dm: fix NULL pointer dereference in __dm_suspend() (CVE-2025-40134)
• kernel: Revert "NFSD: Remove the cap on number of operations per NFSv4 COMPOUND" (CVE-2025-40210)
• kernel: Linux kernel MPTCP: Privilege escalation or denial of service via use-after-free in timer handling (CVE-2025-40257)
• kernel: smb: client: fix potential cfid UAF in smb2_query_info_compound (CVE-2025-40320)
• kernel: wifi: mac80211_hwsim: fix typo in frequency notification (CVE-2026-23040)
• kernel: Kernel: Privilege escalation or denial of service in nf_tables via inverted element activity check (CVE-2026-23111)
• kernel: Linux kernel: Denial of Service in ice driver due to race condition during VSI rebuild (CVE-2026-23210)
• kernel: Linux kernel: Denial of service and memory corruption in RDMA umad (CVE-2026-23243)

For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.

Additional Changes:

For detailed information on changes in this release, see the AlmaLinux Release Notes linked from the References section.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

Revert "NFSD: Remove the cap on number of operations per NFSv4 COMPOUND"

I've found that pynfs COMP6 now leaves the connection or lease in a strange state, which causes CLOSE9 to hang indefinitely. I've dug into it a little, but I haven't been able to root-cause it yet. However, I bisected to commit 48aab1606fa8 ("NFSD: Remove the cap on number of operations per NFSv4 COMPOUND").

Tianshuo Han also reports a potential vulnerability when decoding an NFSv4 COMPOUND. An attacker can place an arbitrarily large op count in the COMPOUND header, which results in:

[ 51.410584] nfsd: vmalloc error: size 1209533382144, exceeds total pages, mode:0xdc0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO), nodemask=(null),cpuset=/,mems_allowed=0

when NFSD attempts to allocate the COMPOUND op array.

Let's restore the operation-per-COMPOUND limit, but increased to 200 for now.

Root has patched CVE-2025-40210 in the linux package for Root:Debian:11. Multiple fixed versions available.

Root has patched CVE-2025-40210 in the linux package for Root:Debian:12. Multiple fixed versions available.

Root has patched CVE-2025-40210 in the linux package for Root:Debian:13. Multiple fixed versions available.

Root has patched CVE-2025-40210 in the linux package for Root:Ubuntu:22.04. Multiple fixed versions available.

Root has patched CVE-2025-40210 in the linux package for Root:Ubuntu:24.04. Multiple fixed versions available.

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• Nios II architecture;
• PA-RISC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• Sun Sparc architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Xtensa architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• Network block device driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Bus devices;
• Hardware random number generator core;
• Character device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• Device frequency scaling framework;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• HW tracing;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• ISDN/mISDN subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Fastrpc Driver;
• PCI Endpoint Test driver;
• VMware Balloon Driver;
• MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport) drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• Performance monitor drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• Mellanox platform drivers;
• x86 platform drivers;
• ARM PM domains;
• PPS (Pulse Per Second) driver;
• PTP clock framework;
• PWM drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• SCSI subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Trusted Execution Environment drivers;
• Thunderbolt and USB4 drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• Userspace I/O drivers;
• Cadence USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• EROFS file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• GFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• File system notification infrastructure;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• BPF subsystem;
• Mellanox drivers;
• Memory management;
• Virtio network driver;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• io_uring subsystem;
• Kernel crash support code;
• Perf events;
• Kernel futex primitives;
• PID allocator;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Syscalls implementation;
• Timer subsystem;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• 9P file system network protocol;
• Ethernet bridge;
• Networking core;
• IPv4 networking;
• IPv6 networking;
• Multipath TCP;
• Netfilter;
• NFC subsystem;
• Network traffic control;
• SCTP protocol;
• SMC sockets;
• Sun RPC protocol;
• TIPC protocol;
• TLS protocol;
• VMware vSockets driver;
• eXpress Data Path;
• XFRM subsystem;
• Integrity Measurement Architecture(IMA) framework;
• ALSA framework;
• HD-audio driver;
• AMD SoC Alsa drivers;
• WCD audio codecs;
• Intel ASoC drivers;
• USB sound devices;
• KVM subsystem; (CVE-2025-40001, CVE-2025-40002, CVE-2025-40003, CVE-2025-40004, CVE-2025-40029, CVE-2025-40030, CVE-2025-40031, CVE-2025-40032, CVE-2025-40033, CVE-2025-40034, CVE-2025-40035, CVE-2025-40036, CVE-2025-40037, CVE-2025-40038, CVE-2025-40039, CVE-2025-40040, CVE-2025-40042, CVE-2025-40043, CVE-2025-40044, CVE-2025-40045, CVE-2025-40046, CVE-2025-40047, CVE-2025-40048, CVE-2025-40049, CVE-2025-40050, CVE-2025-40051, CVE-2025-40052, CVE-2025-40053, CVE-2025-40054, CVE-2025-40055, CVE-2025-40056, CVE-2025-40057,…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• Nios II architecture;
• PA-RISC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• Sun Sparc architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Xtensa architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• Network block device driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Bus devices;
• Hardware random number generator core;
• Character device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• Device frequency scaling framework;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• HW tracing;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• ISDN/mISDN subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Fastrpc Driver;
• PCI Endpoint Test driver;
• VMware Balloon Driver;
• MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport) drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• Performance monitor drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• Mellanox platform drivers;
• x86 platform drivers;
• ARM PM domains;
• PPS (Pulse Per Second) driver;
• PTP clock framework;
• PWM drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• SCSI subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Trusted Execution Environment drivers;
• Thunderbolt and USB4 drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• Userspace I/O drivers;
• Cadence USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• EROFS file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• GFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• File system notification infrastructure;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• BPF subsystem;
• Mellanox drivers;
• Memory management;
• Virtio network driver;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• io_uring subsystem;
• Kernel crash support code;
• Perf events;
• Kernel futex primitives;
• PID allocator;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Syscalls implementation;
• Timer subsystem;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• 9P file system network protocol;
• Ethernet bridge;
• Networking core;
• IPv4 networking;
• IPv6 networking;
• Multipath TCP;
• Netfilter;
• NFC subsystem;
• Network traffic control;
• SCTP protocol;
• SMC sockets;
• Sun RPC protocol;
• TIPC protocol;
• TLS protocol;
• VMware vSockets driver;
• eXpress Data Path;
• XFRM subsystem;
• Integrity Measurement Architecture(IMA) framework;
• ALSA framework;
• HD-audio driver;
• AMD SoC Alsa drivers;
• WCD audio codecs;
• Intel ASoC drivers;
• USB sound devices;
• KVM subsystem; (CVE-2025-40001, CVE-2025-40002, CVE-2025-40003, CVE-2025-40004, CVE-2025-40029, CVE-2025-40030, CVE-2025-40031, CVE-2025-40032, CVE-2025-40033, CVE-2025-40034, CVE-2025-40035, CVE-2025-40036, CVE-2025-40037, CVE-2025-40038, CVE-2025-40039, CVE-2025-40040, CVE-2025-40042, CVE-2025-40043, CVE-2025-40044, CVE-2025-40045, CVE-2025-40046, CVE-2025-40047, CVE-2025-40048, CVE-2025-40049, CVE-2025-40050, CVE-2025-40051, CVE-2025-40052, CVE-2025-40053, CVE-2025-40054, CVE-2025-40055, CVE-2025-40056, CVE-2025-40057,…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• Nios II architecture;
• PA-RISC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• Sun Sparc architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Xtensa architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• Network block device driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Bus devices;
• Hardware random number generator core;
• Character device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• Device frequency scaling framework;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• HW tracing;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• ISDN/mISDN subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Fastrpc Driver;
• PCI Endpoint Test driver;
• VMware Balloon Driver;
• MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport) drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• Performance monitor drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• Mellanox platform drivers;
• x86 platform drivers;
• ARM PM domains;
• PPS (Pulse Per Second) driver;
• PTP clock framework;
• PWM drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• SCSI subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Trusted Execution Environment drivers;
• Thunderbolt and USB4 drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• Userspace I/O drivers;
• Cadence USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• EROFS file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• GFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• File system notification infrastructure;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• BPF subsystem;
• Mellanox drivers;
• Memory management;
• Virtio network driver;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• io_uring subsystem;
• Kernel crash support code;
• Perf events;
• Kernel futex primitives;
• PID allocator;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Syscalls implementation;
• Timer subsystem;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• 9P file system network protocol;
• Ethernet bridge;
• Networking core;
• IPv4 networking;
• IPv6 networking;
• Multipath TCP;
• Netfilter;
• NFC subsystem;
• Network traffic control;
• SCTP protocol;
• SMC sockets;
• Sun RPC protocol;
• TIPC protocol;
• TLS protocol;
• VMware vSockets driver;
• eXpress Data Path;
• XFRM subsystem;
• Integrity Measurement Architecture(IMA) framework;
• ALSA framework;
• HD-audio driver;
• AMD SoC Alsa drivers;
• WCD audio codecs;
• Intel ASoC drivers;
• USB sound devices;
• KVM subsystem; (CVE-2025-40001, CVE-2025-40002, CVE-2025-40003, CVE-2025-40004, CVE-2025-40029, CVE-2025-40030, CVE-2025-40031, CVE-2025-40032, CVE-2025-40033, CVE-2025-40034, CVE-2025-40035, CVE-2025-40036, CVE-2025-40037, CVE-2025-40038, CVE-2025-40039, CVE-2025-40040, CVE-2025-40042, CVE-2025-40043, CVE-2025-40044, CVE-2025-40045, CVE-2025-40046, CVE-2025-40047, CVE-2025-40048, CVE-2025-40049, CVE-2025-40050, CVE-2025-40051, CVE-2025-40052, CVE-2025-40053, CVE-2025-40054, CVE-2025-40055, CVE-2025-40056, CVE-2025-40057,…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• Nios II architecture;
• PA-RISC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• Sun Sparc architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Xtensa architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• Network block device driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Bus devices;
• Hardware random number generator core;
• Character device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• Device frequency scaling framework;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• HW tracing;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• ISDN/mISDN subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Fastrpc Driver;
• PCI Endpoint Test driver;
• VMware Balloon Driver;
• MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport) drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• Performance monitor drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• Mellanox platform drivers;
• x86 platform drivers;
• ARM PM domains;
• PPS (Pulse Per Second) driver;
• PTP clock framework;
• PWM drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• SCSI subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Trusted Execution Environment drivers;
• Thunderbolt and USB4 drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• Userspace I/O drivers;
• Cadence USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• EROFS file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• GFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• File system notification infrastructure;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• BPF subsystem;
• Mellanox drivers;
• Memory management;
• Virtio network driver;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• io_uring subsystem;
• Kernel crash support code;
• Perf events;
• Kernel futex primitives;
• PID allocator;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Syscalls implementation;
• Timer subsystem;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• 9P file system network protocol;
• Ethernet bridge;
• Networking core;
• IPv4 networking;
• IPv6 networking;
• Multipath TCP;
• Netfilter;
• NFC subsystem;
• Network traffic control;
• SCTP protocol;
• SMC sockets;
• Sun RPC protocol;
• TIPC protocol;
• TLS protocol;
• VMware vSockets driver;
• eXpress Data Path;
• XFRM subsystem;
• Integrity Measurement Architecture(IMA) framework;
• ALSA framework;
• HD-audio driver;
• AMD SoC Alsa drivers;
• WCD audio codecs;
• Intel ASoC drivers;
• USB sound devices;
• KVM subsystem; (CVE-2025-40001, CVE-2025-40002, CVE-2025-40003, CVE-2025-40004, CVE-2025-40029, CVE-2025-40030, CVE-2025-40031, CVE-2025-40032, CVE-2025-40033, CVE-2025-40034, CVE-2025-40035, CVE-2025-40036, CVE-2025-40037, CVE-2025-40038, CVE-2025-40039, CVE-2025-40040, CVE-2025-40042, CVE-2025-40043, CVE-2025-40044, CVE-2025-40045, CVE-2025-40046, CVE-2025-40047, CVE-2025-40048, CVE-2025-40049, CVE-2025-40050, CVE-2025-40051, CVE-2025-40052, CVE-2025-40053, CVE-2025-40054, CVE-2025-40055, CVE-2025-40056, CVE-2025-40057,…

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems:

• ARM64 architecture;
• MIPS architecture;
• Nios II architecture;
• PA-RISC architecture;
• RISC-V architecture;
• S390 architecture;
• Sun Sparc architecture;
• x86 architecture;
• Xtensa architecture;
• Block layer subsystem;
• Cryptographic API;
• Compute Acceleration Framework;
• ACPI drivers;
• Drivers core;
• Network block device driver;
• Bluetooth drivers;
• Bus devices;
• Hardware random number generator core;
• Character device driver;
• Clock framework and drivers;
• Data acquisition framework and drivers;
• CPU frequency scaling framework;
• Hardware crypto device drivers;
• CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers;
• Device frequency scaling framework;
• ARM SCMI message protocol;
• GPIO subsystem;
• GPU drivers;
• Hardware monitoring drivers;
• HW tracing;
• InfiniBand drivers;
• Input Device (Miscellaneous) drivers;
• IOMMU subsystem;
• ISDN/mISDN subsystem;
• Mailbox framework;
• Multiple devices driver;
• Media drivers;
• Fastrpc Driver;
• PCI Endpoint Test driver;
• VMware Balloon Driver;
• MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport) drivers;
• Network drivers;
• Mellanox network drivers;
• STMicroelectronics network drivers;
• NVME drivers;
• PCI subsystem;
• Performance monitor drivers;
• Pin controllers subsystem;
• Mellanox platform drivers;
• x86 platform drivers;
• ARM PM domains;
• PPS (Pulse Per Second) driver;
• PTP clock framework;
• PWM drivers;
• Remote Processor subsystem;
• SCSI subsystem;
• SPI subsystem;
• Trusted Execution Environment drivers;
• Thunderbolt and USB4 drivers;
• TTY drivers;
• UFS subsystem;
• Userspace I/O drivers;
• Cadence USB3 driver;
• USB Gadget drivers;
• USB Host Controller drivers;
• vDPA drivers;
• Virtio Host (VHOST) subsystem;
• Framebuffer layer;
• Xen hypervisor drivers;
• File systems infrastructure;
• BTRFS file system;
• Ceph distributed file system;
• EROFS file system;
• Ext4 file system;
• F2FS file system;
• GFS2 file system;
• JFS file system;
• Network file system (NFS) client;
• Network file system (NFS) server daemon;
• NILFS2 file system;
• File system notification infrastructure;
• NTFS3 file system;
• Proc file system;
• Diskquota system;
• SMB network file system;
• BPF subsystem;
• Mellanox drivers;
• Memory management;
• Virtio network driver;
• Bluetooth subsystem;
• IP tunnels definitions;
• io_uring subsystem;
• Kernel crash support code;
• Perf events;
• Kernel futex primitives;
• PID allocator;
• Scheduler infrastructure;
• Syscalls implementation;
• Timer subsystem;
• Tracing infrastructure;
• 9P file system network protocol;
• Ethernet bridge;
• Networking core;
• IPv4 networking;
• IPv6 networking;
• Multipath TCP;
• Netfilter;
• NFC subsystem;
• Network traffic control;
• SCTP protocol;
• SMC sockets;
• Sun RPC protocol;
• TIPC protocol;
• TLS protocol;
• VMware vSockets driver;
• eXpress Data Path;
• XFRM subsystem;
• Integrity Measurement Architecture(IMA) framework;
• ALSA framework;
• HD-audio driver;
• AMD SoC Alsa drivers;
• WCD audio codecs;
• Intel ASoC drivers;
• USB sound devices;
• KVM subsystem; (CVE-2025-40001, CVE-2025-40002, CVE-2025-40003, CVE-2025-40004, CVE-2025-40029, CVE-2025-40030, CVE-2025-40031, CVE-2025-40032, CVE-2025-40033, CVE-2025-40034, CVE-2025-40035, CVE-2025-40036, CVE-2025-40037, CVE-2025-40038, CVE-2025-40039, CVE-2025-40040, CVE-2025-40041, CVE-2025-40042, CVE-2025-40043, CVE-2025-40044, CVE-2025-40045, CVE-2025-40046, CVE-2025-40047, CVE-2025-40048, CVE-2025-40049, CVE-2025-40050, CVE-2025-40051, CVE-2025-40052, CVE-2025-40053, CVE-2025-40054, CVE-2025-40055, CVE-2025-40056,…