CVE-2025-41259
SWUpdate Untrusted Script Execution via Signed Update TOCTOU
SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Local
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- Low
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
SWUpdate Untrusted Script Execution via Signed Update TOCTOU
SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.
- Record
CVE-2025-41259- CVSS 4.0
- 7.3 High
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - Weakness
- CWE-367
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-210052
SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.
- Record
EUVD-2025-210052- CVSS 4.0
- 7.3 High
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm
SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that...
SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.
- Record
GHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm- CVSS 4.0
- 7.3 High
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X - Weakness
- CWE-367
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.
- Record
CVE-2025-41259- CVSS 4.0
- 7.3 High
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X - Weakness
- CWE-367
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
SWUpdate Untrusted Script Execution via Signed Update TOCTOU
SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.
- Record
CVE-2025-41259- CVSS 4.0
- 7.3 High
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - Weakness
- CWE-367
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVDEBIAN-CVE-2025-41259
SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.
- Record
DEBIAN-CVE-2025-41259- CVSS 4.0
- 7.3 High
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X - Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2025-41259
SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.
- Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2025-41259- CVSS 4.0
- 7.3 High
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
swupdateDebian:12 |
before 2022.12+dfsg-4+deb12u3, plus listed versions 2022.12+dfsg-42022.12+dfsg-4+deb12u12022.12+dfsg-4+deb12u1~bpo11+12022.12+dfsg-4+deb12u2 |
2022.12+dfsg-4+deb12u3 |
swupdateDebian:13 |
All versions, plus listed versions 2024.12.1+dfsg-32024.12.1+dfsg-3+deb13u12024.12.1+dfsg-3+deb13u22025.05+dfsg-12025.05+dfsg-2 Show 27 moreShow less2025.05+dfsg-2~bpo13+12025.05+dfsg-32025.05+dfsg-3~bpo13+12025.12+dfsg-12025.12+dfsg-102025.12+dfsg-10~bpo13+12025.12+dfsg-10~bpo13+22025.12+dfsg-22025.12+dfsg-2~bpo13+12025.12+dfsg-32025.12+dfsg-42025.12+dfsg-52025.12+dfsg-62025.12+dfsg-72025.12+dfsg-7~bpo13+12025.12+dfsg-82025.12+dfsg-92026.05+dfsg-12026.05+dfsg-22026.05+dfsg-32026.05+dfsg-3~bpo13+12026.05+dfsg-42026.05.1+dfsg-12026.05.1+dfsg-1~bpo13+12026.05.1+git20261001+dfsg-12026.05.1+git20261001+dfsg-22026.05.1+git20261001+dfsg-2~bpo13+1 |
None known |
swupdateDebian:14 |
before 2026.05+dfsg-1, plus listed versions 2024.12.1+dfsg-32025.05+dfsg-12025.05+dfsg-22025.05+dfsg-2~bpo13+12025.05+dfsg-3 Show 15 moreShow less2025.05+dfsg-3~bpo13+12025.12+dfsg-12025.12+dfsg-102025.12+dfsg-10~bpo13+12025.12+dfsg-10~bpo13+22025.12+dfsg-22025.12+dfsg-2~bpo13+12025.12+dfsg-32025.12+dfsg-42025.12+dfsg-52025.12+dfsg-62025.12+dfsg-72025.12+dfsg-7~bpo13+12025.12+dfsg-82025.12+dfsg-9 |
2026.05+dfsg-1 |
swupdateUbuntu:22.04:LTS |
All versions, plus listed versions 2020.11-22021.04-1.12021.04-22021.04-2build12021.11-1 |
None known |
swupdateUbuntu:24.04:LTS |
All versions, plus listed versions 2023.05+dfsg-32023.05+dfsg-42023.05+dfsg-4build12023.05+dfsg-52023.12+dfsg-12023.12.1+dfsg-1ubuntu12023.12.1+dfsg-1ubuntu42023.12.1+dfsg-1ubuntu5 |
None known |
swupdateUbuntu:25.10 |
All versions, plus listed versions 2024.12.1+dfsg-1build22024.12.1+dfsg-22024.12.1+dfsg-32025.05+dfsg-2ubuntu1 |
None known |
swupdateUbuntu:26.10 |
All versions, plus listed versions 2025.12+dfsg-4ubuntu12026.05+dfsg-3ubuntu22026.05+dfsg-4ubuntu12026.05.1+dfsg-1ubuntu12026.05.1+git20261001+dfsg-1ubuntu1 |
None known |
swupdateUbuntu:26.04:LTS |
All versions, plus listed versions 2025.05+dfsg-2ubuntu12025.05+dfsg-3ubuntu12025.12+dfsg-1ubuntu12025.12+dfsg-2ubuntu12025.12+dfsg-3ubuntu12025.12+dfsg-4ubuntu1 |
None known |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2025-41259 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 7.3) in Sbabic Swupdate, published June 3, 2026. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.10%, the 0th percentile. Fixed in swupdate 2022.12+dfsg-4+deb12u3.
References
github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20251206-01_SWUpdate_Untrusted_Script_Execution_via_Signed_Update_TOCTOU
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41259
security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-41259
ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-41259
cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-41259