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CVE-2025-44005

Step CA Has Authorization Bypass in ACME and SCEP Provisioners

10.0 CriticalFix available

An attacker can bypass authorization checks and force a Step CA ACME or SCEP provisioner to create certificates without completing certain protocol authorization checks.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
None

Exploit likelihood

9.09%Up 9.1 points since Dec 18, 2025
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 10.0

An attacker can bypass authorization checks and force a Step CA ACME or SCEP provisioner to create certificates without completing certain protocol authorization checks.

Record
CVE-2025-44005
CVSS 3.1
10.0 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Weakness
CWE-287
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-201012 10.0

An attacker can bypass authorization checks and force a Step CA ACME or SCEP provisioner to create certificates without completing certain protocol authorization checks.

Record
EUVD-2025-201012
CVSS 3.1
10.0 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Updated
2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-h8cp-697h-8c8p 10.0

Step CA Has Authorization Bypass in ACME and SCEP Provisioners

Summary

A security fix is now available for Step CA that resolves a vulnerability affecting deployments configured with ACME and/or SCEP provisioners. All operators running these provisioners should upgrade to the latest release (v0.29.0) immediately.

The issue was discovered and disclosed by a research team during a security review. There is no evidence of active exploitation.

To limit exploitation risk during a coordinated disclosure window, we are withholding detailed technical information for now. A full write-up will be published in several weeks.

Embargo List

If your organization runs Step CA in production and would like advance, embargoed notification of future security updates, visit https://u.step.sm/disclosure to request inclusion on our embargo list.

Acknowledgements

This issue was identified and reported by Stephen Kubik of the Cisco Advanced Security Initiatives Group (ASIG)

Stay safe, and thank you for helping us keep the ecosystem secure.

Record
GHSA-h8cp-697h-8c8p
CVSS 3.1
10.0 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Weakness
CWE-306
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 10.0

An attacker can bypass authorization checks and force a Step CA ACME or SCEP provisioner to create certificates without completing certain protocol authorization checks.

Record
CVE-2025-44005
CVSS 3.1
10.0 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Weakness
CWE-287
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVALPINE-CVE-2025-44005 10.0

An attacker can bypass authorization checks and force a Step CA ACME or SCEP provisioner to create certificates without completing certain protocol authorization checks.

Record
ALPINE-CVE-2025-44005
CVSS 3.1
10.0 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Updated
2026-11-03
OSV 10.0

An attacker can bypass authorization checks and force a Step CA ACME or SCEP provisioner to create certificates without completing certain protocol authorization checks.

Record
CVE-2025-44005
CVSS 3.1
10.0 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Weakness
CWE-287
Updated
2026-11-02
Show 4 moreShow less
OSVGHSA-h8cp-697h-8c8p 10.0

Step CA Has Authorization Bypass in ACME and SCEP Provisioners

Summary

A security fix is now available for Step CA that resolves a vulnerability affecting deployments configured with ACME and/or SCEP provisioners. All operators running these provisioners should upgrade to the latest release (v0.29.0) immediately.

The issue was discovered and disclosed by a research team during a security review. There is no evidence of active exploitation.

To limit exploitation risk during a coordinated disclosure window, we are withholding detailed technical information for now. A full write-up will be published in several weeks.

Embargo List

If your organization runs Step CA in production and would like advance, embargoed notification of future security updates, visit https://u.step.sm/disclosure to request inclusion on our embargo list.

Acknowledgements

This issue was identified and reported by Stephen Kubik of the Cisco Advanced Security Initiatives Group (ASIG)

Stay safe, and thank you for helping us keep the ecosystem secure.

Record
GHSA-h8cp-697h-8c8p
CVSS 3.1
10.0 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Weakness
CWE-306
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGO-2025-4180 No score

Step CA Has Authorization Bypass in ACME and SCEP Provisioners in github.com/smallstep/certificates

Step CA Has Authorization Bypass in ACME and SCEP Provisioners in github.com/smallstep/certificates

Record
GO-2025-4180
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVopenSUSE-SU-2026:21483-1 No score

Security update for govulncheck-vulndb

This update for govulncheck-vulndb fixes the following issues:

  • Update to version 0.0.20260723T184607 2026-07-23T18:46:07Z (jsc#PED-11136).

Go CVE Numbering Authority IDs added or updated with aliases:

  • GO-2026-4730 CVE-2026-33022 GHSA-cv4x-93xx-wgfj
  • GO-2026-4761 CVE-2026-33211 GHSA-j5q5-j9gm-2w5c
  • GO-2026-5102 CVE-2026-45021 GHSA-3vcp-chfh-f6r2
  • GO-2026-5272 CVE-2026-40938 GHSA-94jr-7pqp-xhcq
  • GO-2026-5486 CVE-2026-40924 GHSA-m2cx-gpqf-qf74
  • GO-2026-5542 CVE-2026-40090 GHSA-pj97-4p9w-gx3q
  • GO-2026-5630 CVE-2026-25542 GHSA-rmx9-2pp3-xhcr
  • GO-2026-5643 CVE-2026-40923 GHSA-rx35-6rhx-7858
  • GO-2026-5675 CVE-2026-41492 GHSA-vvf7-6rmr-m29q
  • GO-2026-5711 CVE-2026-40161 GHSA-wjxp-xrpv-xpff
  • GO-2026-5746 CVE-2026-41567 GHSA-x86f-5xw2-fm2r
  • GO-2026-5749 CVE-2026-41328 GHSA-x92x-px7w-4gx4
  • GO-2026-5837 CVE-2026-44840 GHSA-q2m9-6jp9-c6mc
  • GO-2026-5929 CVE-2026-44342 GHSA-26v7-h57m-gh9m
  • GO-2026-5930 CVE-2026-33655 GHSA-6qcr-qxgr-m7fv
  • GO-2026-5933 GHSA-3g4q-2f67-2gvh
  • GO-2026-5934 GHSA-59qp-cfj3-rp64
  • GO-2026-5935 GHSA-7856-g3gv-9wq8
  • GO-2026-5936 CVE-2026-53552 GHSA-26rh-24rg-j3vv
  • GO-2026-5937 CVE-2026-53508 GHSA-2jcc-mxv7-p3f9
  • GO-2026-5938 CVE-2026-53553 GHSA-4g5x-hcwm-82jw
  • GO-2026-5939 CVE-2026-10517 GHSA-698x-9w2p-7vvp
  • GO-2026-5940 CVE-2026-53572 GHSA-6w3m-4hhp-775q
  • GO-2026-5941 CVE-2026-53487 GHSA-gvhc-wv3v-7pf8
  • GO-2026-5942 CVE-2026-46600
  • GO-2026-5944 CVE-2026-50197 GHSA-659f-rgp5-w4wf
  • GO-2026-5945 CVE-2026-6815 GHSA-rmxx-v9rj-vpvg
  • GO-2026-5946 CVE-2026-52831 GHSA-v5px-423j-pf7p
  • GO-2026-5947 CVE-2026-53649 GHSA-xqhv-chqm-fhcc
  • GO-2026-5948 CVE-2026-50554 GHSA-588f-fvcv-xhvf
  • GO-2026-5949 CVE-2026-50553 GHSA-rqrh-8wpv-x7hh
  • GO-2026-5950 CVE-2026-53602 GHSA-339v-266x-79xr
  • GO-2026-5951 CVE-2026-10219 GHSA-6jm8-4fhr-5w64
  • GO-2026-5952 CVE-2026-49834 GHSA-9vcr-p3rj-q5q6
  • GO-2026-5953 CVE-2026-9094 GHSA-c9w5-qp6m-m395
  • GO-2026-5956 CVE-2026-55252 GHSA-h5g6-xmh4-hc37
  • GO-2026-5957 CVE-2026-54158 GHSA-5xfx-xj4h-5p7r
  • GO-2026-5958 CVE-2026-54068 GHSA-gcm7-57gf-953c
  • GO-2026-5959 CVE-2026-54072 GHSA-h29v-hj44-q8cv
  • GO-2026-5961 CVE-2026-54069 GHSA-hvr9-72v2-fff3
  • GO-2026-5962 CVE-2026-54088 GHSA-m93h-4hw7-5qcm
  • GO-2026-5963 CVE-2026-54067 GHSA-mvjr-vv3c-w4qv
  • GO-2026-5964 CVE-2026-54066 GHSA-p4m3-mgmm-c664
  • GO-2026-5965 CVE-2026-54070 GHSA-w7cg-whh7-xp28
  • GO-2026-5966 CVE-2026-54089 GHSA-xqp3-jq6g-x3qm
  • GO-2026-5967 CVE-2026-50551 GHSA-56mp-4f3v-fgj2
  • GO-2026-5968 CVE-2026-54174 GHSA-fpg8-7664-jc5q
  • GO-2026-5969 GHSA-g936-7jqj-mwv8
  • GO-2026-5970 CVE-2026-56852
  • GO-2026-5973 CVE-2026-54250 GHSA-jxr7-mqhw-9p98
  • GO-2026-5974 CVE-2026-44300 GHSA-wmj8-9953-vff5
  • GO-2026-5975 CVE-2026-50018 GHSA-42j2-w334-qxw7
  • GO-2026-5976 CVE-2026-50141 GHSA-g7mm-9vx7-jm7h
  • GO-2026-5977 CVE-2026-50013 GHSA-qrh4-p6v4-mrfg
  • GO-2026-5978 CVE-2026-50125 GHSA-qw5r-ppcg-f8rj
  • GO-2026-5979 CVE-2026-50006 GHSA-xrcf-6jh3-ggvx
  • GO-2026-5980 CVE-2026-50158 GHSA-2c7f-fxww-6w6c
  • GO-2026-5981 GHSA-mqxv-9rm6-w8qc
  • GO-2026-5982 GHSA-pqg7-v6wh-3pfp
  • GO-2026-5984 CVE-2026-53604 GHSA-2p2f-px33-4vv5
  • GO-2026-5985 GHSA-7rx3-5wx3-5v76
  • GO-2026-5986 CVE-2026-61699 GHSA-cm26-5974-52h8
  • GO-2026-5987 CVE-2026-55513 GHSA-g4x6-jcvr-9m3g
  • GO-2026-5988 CVE-2026-54628 GHSA-hwrq-8wxh-q4xv
  • GO-2026-5989 CVE-2026-55512 GHSA-m3cx-mwpg-32jg
  • GO-2026-5990 CVE-2026-54629 GHSA-mf78-3rpf-r784
  • GO-2026-5991 CVE-2026-53603 GHSA-q4vm-pq3q-8wgq
  • GO-2026-5992 CVE-2026-61549 GHSA-qf34-295c-26v8
  • GO-2026-5996 CVE-2026-54450 GHSA-pph6-vfjv-vpjw
  • GO-2026-5997 CVE-2026-54452 GHSA-xgch-x3mx-cm3c
  • GO-2026-5998 CVE-2026-54495 GHSA-398h-7f66-3h4p
  • GO-2026-5999 CVE-2026-10814 GHSA-jh6h-v6mp-h22v
  • GO-2026-6002 CVE-2026-58196 GHSA-pr64-jmmf-jp54
  • GO-2026-6003 CVE-2026-53714 GHSA-22xc-xg2r-9j7v
  • GO-2026-6004 CVE-2026-52833 GHSA-3v79-m2cg-89ww
  • GO-2026-6005 CVE-2026-53715 GHSA-8fv2-88gg-hm7q
  • GO-2026-6006 CVE-2026-53716 GHSA-cxpq-8v7q-cg56 *…
Record
openSUSE-SU-2026:21483-1
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVSUSE-SU-2025:4395-1 No score

Security update for govulncheck-vulndb

This update for govulncheck-vulndb fixes the following issues:

  • Update to version 0.0.20251209T172047 2025-12-09T17:20:47Z (jsc#PED-11136).

    Go CVE Numbering Authority IDs added or updated with aliases:

    • GO-2025-4006 CVE-2025-61725
    • GO-2025-4176 CVE-2025-65105 GHSA-j3rw-fx6g-q46j
    • GO-2025-4177 CVE-2025-64750 GHSA-wwrx-w7c9-rf87
    • GO-2025-4178 CVE-2025-13870 GHSA-58w6-w55x-6wq8
    • GO-2025-4179 CVE-2025-64443 GHSA-46gc-mwh4-cc5r
    • GO-2025-4180 CVE-2025-44005 GHSA-h8cp-697h-8c8p
    • GO-2025-4181 CVE-2025-66406 GHSA-j7c9-79x7-8hpr
    • GO-2025-4182 CVE-2025-66411 GHSA-jf75-p25m-pw74
    • GO-2025-4183 CVE-2017-18870 GHSA-9j9j-mm2r-9rfm
    • GO-2025-4184 CVE-2017-18871 GHSA-jc6w-8r7f-vmp5
    • GO-2025-4185 CVE-2017-18902 GHSA-jwfv-5hwq-f97r
    • GO-2025-4186 CVE-2017-18875 GHSA-9rr5-q43r-ccv4
    • GO-2025-4187 CVE-2017-18876 GHSA-hjqh-j6rj-gh8q
    • GO-2025-4189 CVE-2017-18879 GHSA-498j-wxww-j897
    • GO-2025-4190 CVE-2017-18877 GHSA-9x8x-w6g5-hx4w
    • GO-2025-4192 CVE-2025-66564 GHSA-4qg8-fj49-pxjh
    • GO-2025-4193 CVE-2025-66506 GHSA-f83f-xpx7-ffpw
    • GO-2025-4197 CVE-2017-18884 GHSA-876j-jfqf-m7j7
    • GO-2025-4198 CVE-2017-18883 GHSA-w8cc-3h7q-jhc3

  • Update to version 0.0.20251203T174324 2025-12-03T17:43:24Z (jsc#PED-11136).

    Go CVE Numbering Authority IDs added or updated with aliases:

    • GO-2025-4155 CVE-2025-61729
    • GO-2025-4163 CVE-2025-60638 GHSA-f2hj-vpp9-6vm2
    • GO-2025-4164 CVE-2025-60632 GHSA-vgq7-9r5r-j9v3
    • GO-2025-4171 CVE-2025-66410 GHSA-jrhg-82w2-vvj7
    • GO-2025-4172 CVE-2025-12756 GHSA-p6gj-jc38-x2m7
    • GO-2025-4174 CVE-2025-13353 GHSA-69jw-4jj8-fcxm
    • GO-2025-4175 CVE-2025-61727

  • Update to version 0.0.20251125T181218 2025-11-25T18:12:18Z (jsc#PED-11136).

    Go CVE Numbering Authority IDs added or updated with aliases:

    • GO-2025-4133 CVE-2025-55074 GHSA-9hh7-6558-qfp2
    • GO-2025-4138 CVE-2025-65025 GHSA-h3mw-4f23-gwpw
    • GO-2025-4139 CVE-2025-65026 GHSA-hcpf-qv9m-vfgp
    • GO-2025-4146 CVE-2018-21258 GHSA-5mh6-p63g-3mv5
    • GO-2025-4147 GHSA-6xvf-4vh9-mw47
    • GO-2025-4149 CVE-2025-13425 GHSA-f786-75f3-74xj
    • GO-2025-4150 CVE-2025-64751 GHSA-2c64-vmv2-hgfc
    • GO-2025-4151 CVE-2025-65111 GHSA-9m7r-g8hg-x3vr
    • GO-2025-4152 CVE-2025-13357 GHSA-gmm6-j2g5-r52m
    • GO-2025-4153 CVE-2025-41115 GHSA-w62r-7c53-fmc5
    • GO-2025-4156 CVE-2025-64761 GHSA-7ff4-jw48-3436
    • GO-2025-4157 GHSA-2fcv-qww3-9v6h
    • GO-2025-4158 GHSA-rj4j-2jph-gg43
    • GO-2025-4159 GHSA-xq4h-wqm2-668w
    • GO-2025-4160 CVE-2025-65965 GHSA-6gxw-85q2-q646
Record
SUSE-SU-2025:4395-1
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
github.com/smallstep/certificates
Go
 through 0.28.4
0.29.0
step-certificates
Alpine:v3.22
 before 0.29.0-r0
0.29.0-r0
step-certificates
Alpine:v3.23
 before 0.29.0-r0
0.29.0-r0
step-certificates
Alpine:v3.24
 before 0.29.0-r0
0.29.0-r0
github.com/smallstep/certificates
Go
 before 0.29.0
0.29.0
govulncheck-vulndb
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6
From an advisory covering 37 CVEs
 before 0.0.20251209T172047-150000.1.127.1
0.0.20251209T172047-150000.1.127.1
govulncheck-vulndb
openSUSE:Leap 15.6
From an advisory covering 37 CVEs
 before 0.0.20251209T172047-150000.1.127.1
0.0.20251209T172047-150000.1.127.1
govulncheck-vulndb
openSUSE:Leap 16.0
From an advisory covering 1734 CVEs
 before 0.0.20260723T184607-160000.1.1
0.0.20260723T184607-160000.1.1

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
affected, facts
affected, aliases, referencesOSV
first indexedCVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2025-44005 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 10.0) in Smallstep Step-ca, published December 3, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 9.09%, the 95th percentile. Fixed in github.com/smallstep/certificates 0.29.0.

References

Show 194 moreShow less
This page doesn't list everything

Left out here: 1,543 references and the rest of 1 source description. The JSON record has them.

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