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CVE-2025-54487

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The...

9.8 CriticalFix available

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8842 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 12:

            else if (tag==12)    //0x0C
            {
                // sampling resolution
                if (len>6) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag12 incorrect length %i>6\n",len);
                val32   = 0;
                int8_t  v8;
                curPos += ifread(&UnitCode,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(&v8,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(buf,1,len-2,hdr);

In addition to values of len greater than 130 triggering a buffer overflow, a value of len smaller than 2 will also trigger a buffer overflow due to an integer underflow when computing len-2 in this code path.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Exploit likelihood

0.68%Up 0.6 points since Aug 26, 2025
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 9.8

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8842 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 12:

            else if (tag==12)    //0x0C
            {
                // sampling resolution
                if (len>6) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag12 incorrect length %i>6\n",len);
                val32   = 0;
                int8_t  v8;
                curPos += ifread(&UnitCode,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(&v8,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(buf,1,len-2,hdr);

In addition to values of len greater than 130 triggering a buffer overflow, a value of len smaller than 2 will also trigger a buffer overflow due to an integer underflow when computing len-2 in this code path.

Record
CVE-2025-54487
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-121
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-25676 9.8

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8842 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 12:

            else if (tag==12)    //0x0C
            {
                // sampling resolution
                if (len>6) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag12 incorrect length %i>6\n",len);
                val32   = 0;
                int8_t  v8;
                curPos += ifread(&UnitCode,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(&v8,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(buf,1,len-2,hdr);

In addition to values of len greater than 130 triggering a buffer overflow, a value of len smaller than 2 will also trigger a buffer overflow due to an integer underflow when computing len-2 in this code path.

Record
EUVD-2025-25676
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-9wfq-rqg3-9fm2 9.8

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The...

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8842 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 12:

            else if (tag==12)    //0x0C
            {
                // sampling resolution
                if (len>6) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag12 incorrect length %i>6\n",len);
                val32   = 0;
                int8_t  v8;
                curPos += ifread(&UnitCode,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(&v8,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(buf,1,len-2,hdr);

In addition to values of len greater than 130 triggering a buffer overflow, a value of len smaller than 2 will also trigger a buffer overflow due to an integer underflow when computing len-2 in this code path.

Record
GHSA-9wfq-rqg3-9fm2
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-121
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 9.8

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8842 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 12:

            else if (tag==12)    //0x0C
            {
                // sampling resolution
                if (len>6) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag12 incorrect length %i>6\n",len);
                val32   = 0;
                int8_t  v8;
                curPos += ifread(&UnitCode,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(&v8,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(buf,1,len-2,hdr);

In addition to values of len greater than 130 triggering a buffer overflow, a value of len smaller than 2 will also trigger a buffer overflow due to an integer underflow when computing len-2 in this code path.

Record
CVE-2025-54487
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness
CWE-121
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV 9.8

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8842 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 12:

            else if (tag==12)    //0x0C
            {
                // sampling resolution
                if (len>6) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag12 incorrect length %i>6\n",len);
                val32   = 0;
                int8_t  v8;
                curPos += ifread(&UnitCode,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(&v8,1,1,hdr);
                curPos += ifread(buf,1,len-2,hdr);

In addition to values of len greater than 130 triggering a buffer overflow, a value of len smaller than 2 will also trigger a buffer overflow due to an integer underflow when computing len-2 in this code path.

Record
CVE-2025-54487
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVDEBIAN-CVE-2025-54487 9.8

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8842 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 12: else if (tag==12) //0x0C { // sampling resolution if (len>6) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag12 incorrect length %i>6\n",len); val32 = 0; int8_t v8; curPos += ifread(&UnitCode,1,1,hdr); curPos += ifread(&v8,1,1,hdr); curPos += ifread(buf,1,len-2,hdr); In addition to values of len greater than 130 triggering a buffer overflow, a value of len smaller than 2 will also trigger a buffer overflow due to an integer underflow when computing len-2 in this code path.

Record
DEBIAN-CVE-2025-54487
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2025-54487 9.8

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8842 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 12: else if (tag==12) //0x0C { // sampling resolution if (len>6) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag12 incorrect length %i>6\n",len); val32 = 0; int8_t v8; curPos += ifread(&UnitCode,1,1,hdr); curPos += ifread(&v8,1,1,hdr); curPos += ifread(buf,1,len-2,hdr); In addition to values of len greater than 130 triggering a buffer overflow, a value of len smaller than 2 will also trigger a buffer overflow due to an integer underflow when computing len-2 in this code path.

Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2025-54487
CVSS 3.1
9.8 CriticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
biosig
Debian:12
 All versions, plus listed versions
2.5.0-12.5.2-12.5.2-22.6.0-12.6.1-13.9.0-13.9.5-1
 None known
biosig
Debian:13
 All versions, plus listed versions
3.9.0-13.9.5-1
 None known
biosig
Debian:14
 before 3.9.5-1, plus listed versions
3.9.0-1
3.9.5-1
biosig
Ubuntu:Pro:22.04:LTS
 All versions, plus listed versions
2.1.2-42.1.2-4build12.1.2-4build22.3.3-12.3.3-1build12.3.3-1build22.3.3-1ubuntu0.1~esm1
 None known
biosig
Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS
 All versions, plus listed versions
2.5.0-1build22.5.2-12.5.2-1build12.5.2-22.6.0-12.6.0-1build12.6.0-1ubuntu12.6.0-1ubuntu1+esm1
 None known
biosig
Ubuntu:25.10
 All versions, plus listed versions
2.6.1-1build33.9.0-1
 None known
biosig
Ubuntu:26.10
 All versions, plus listed versions
3.9.0-1build33.9.5-13.9.5-1build1
 None known
biosig
Ubuntu:Pro:26.04:LTS
 All versions, plus listed versions
3.9.0-13.9.0-1build13.9.0-1build23.9.0-1build33.9.0-1ubuntu0.1~esm1
 None known

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
first indexedCVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2025-54487 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.8) in Libbiosig Project Libbiosig, published August 25, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.68%, the 52nd percentile. Fixed in biosig 3.9.5-1.

References

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