CVE-2025-68613
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression Injection
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 0.211.0 and prior to 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0 contain a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in their workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime. An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations. This issue has been fixed in versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to a patched version, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only; and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- Low
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression Injection
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 0.211.0 and prior to 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0 contain a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in their workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime. An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations. This issue has been fixed in versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to a patched version, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only; and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.
- Record
CVE-2025-68613- CVSS 3.1
- 10.0 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-913
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-204618
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 0.211.0 and prior to 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0 contain a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in their workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime. An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations. This issue has been fixed in versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to a patched version, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only; and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.
- Record
EUVD-2025-204618- CVSS 3.1
- 10.0 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression Injection
Impact
n8n contains a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in its workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime.
An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations.
Patches
This issue has been fixed in n8n v1.122.0.
Users are strongly advised to upgrade to version 1.122.0 or later, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:
- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.
- Deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation.
These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.
- Record
GHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp- CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-913
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
CISA KEV No score
n8n Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources Vulnerability
n8n contains an improper control of dynamically managed code resources vulnerability in its workflow expression evaluation system that allows for remote code execution.
- Record
CVE-2025-68613- Weakness
- CWE-913
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 0.211.0 and prior to 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0 contain a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in their workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime. An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations. This issue has been fixed in versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to a patched version, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only; and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.
- Record
CVE-2025-68613- CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - CVSS 3.1
- 8.8 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-913
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression Injection
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 0.211.0 and prior to 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0 contain a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in their workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime. An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations. This issue has been fixed in versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to a patched version, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only; and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.
- Record
CVE-2025-68613- CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-913
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression Injection
Impact
n8n contains a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in its workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime.
An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations.
Patches
This issue has been fixed in n8n v1.122.0.
Users are strongly advised to upgrade to version 1.122.0 or later, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:
- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.
- Deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation.
These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.
- Record
GHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp- CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-913
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2025-68613 No score
CVE-2025-68613 in @rootio/n8n - Patched by Root
Root has patched CVE-2025-68613 in the @rootio/n8n package for Root:npm. Multiple fixed versions available.
- Record
ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2025-68613- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
n8nnpm |
0.211.0 up to 1.120.4 | 1.120.4 |
n8nnpm |
1.121.0 up to 1.121.1 | 1.121.1 |
@rootio/n8nRoot:npm |
before 1.120.2-root.io.1 | 1.120.2-root.io.11.120.3-root.io.11.120.2-root.io.21.120.3-root.io.21.120.2-root.io.3 |
@rootio/n8n-workflowRoot:npm |
before 1.117.0-root.io.1 | 1.117.0-root.io.11.117.0-root.io.2 |
n8n-workflowRoot:npm |
before 1.117.0-aikido.2 | 1.117.0-aikido.2 |
n8nRoot:npm |
before 1.120.3-aikido.2 | 1.120.3-aikido.21.120.2-aikido.3 |
Public exploits
Links only. Every CVE stores no exploit code.
| Source | Link | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Metasploit | n8n Workflow Expression Remote Code Execution | 2025-06-10 |
| PoC in GitHub | TheStingR/CVE-2025-68613-POC | 2025-12-22 |
| PoC in GitHub | rxerium/CVE-2025-68613 | 2025-12-22 |
| PoC in GitHub | sahilccras/Blackash-CVE-2025-68613 | 2025-12-22 |
| PoC in GitHub | wioui/n8n-CVE-2025-68613-exploit | 2025-12-22 |
| PoC in GitHub | GnuTLam/POC-CVE-2025-68613 | 2025-12-23 |
| PoC in GitHub | ali-py3/Exploit-CVE-2025-68613 | 2025-12-23 |
| PoC in GitHub | intbjw/CVE-2025-68613-poc-via-copilot | 2025-12-23 |
| PoC in GitHub | nehkark/CVE-2025-68613 | 2025-12-23 |
| PoC in GitHub | reem-012/poc_CVE-2025-68613 | 2025-12-23 |
Show 17 moreShow less
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| exploits_more | PoC in GitHub | |
| exploitation | ||
| exploits, exploits_more | ||
| exploits | ||
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, CISA KEV, Metasploit, Nuclei, NVD, OSV, PoC in GitHub |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2025-68613 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 10.0) in N8n, published December 19, 2025. CISA lists it as known to be exploited, since March 11, 2026. EUVD reports exploitation since March 11, 2026. Public exploit code exists. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 99.0%, the 99th percentile. Fixed in n8n 1.120.4.
References
github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp
akamai.com/blog/security-research/2026/feb/zerobot-malware-targets-n8n-automation-platform
cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-68613
The full exploit list has 11 more links.