CVE-2025-68668
n8n Vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Execution in Pyodide based Python Code Node
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. From version 1.0.0 to before 2.0.0, a sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in the Python Code Node that uses Pyodide. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the host system running n8n, using the same privileges as the n8n process. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.0. Workarounds for this issue involve disabling the Code Node by setting the environment variable NODES_EXCLUDE: "["n8n-nodes-base.code"]", disabling Python support in the Code node by setting the environment variable N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false, which was introduced in n8n version 1.104.0, and configuring n8n to use the task runner based Python sandbox via the N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED and N8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNER environment variables.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- Low
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- Low
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
n8n Vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Execution in Pyodide based Python Code Node
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. From version 1.0.0 to before 2.0.0, a sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in the Python Code Node that uses Pyodide. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the host system running n8n, using the same privileges as the n8n process. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.0. Workarounds for this issue involve disabling the Code Node by setting the environment variable NODES_EXCLUDE: "["n8n-nodes-base.code"]", disabling Python support in the Code node by setting the environment variable N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false, which was introduced in n8n version 1.104.0, and configuring n8n to use the task runner based Python sandbox via the N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED and N8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNER environment variables.
- Record
CVE-2025-68668- CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-693
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-205454
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. From version 1.0.0 to before 2.0.0, a sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in the Python Code Node that uses Pyodide. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the host system running n8n, using the same privileges as the n8n process. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.0. Workarounds for this issue involve disabling the Code Node by setting the environment variable NODES_EXCLUDE: "["n8n-nodes-base.code"]", disabling Python support in the Code node by setting the environment variable N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false, which was introduced in n8n version 1.104.0, and configuring n8n to use the task runner based Python sandbox via the N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED and N8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNER environment variables.
- Record
EUVD-2025-205454- CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L - Updated
- 2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-62r4-hw23-cc8v
n8n Vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Execution in Pyodide based Python Code Node
Impact
A sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in the Python Code Node that uses Pyodide.
An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the host system running n8n, using the same privileges as the n8n process.
Patches
In n8n version 1.111.0, a task-runner-based native Python implementation was introduced as an optional feature, providing a more secure isolation model.
To enable it, you need to configure the N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED and N8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNER environment variables.
This implementation became the default starting with n8n version 2.0.0.
Workarounds
- Disable the Code Node by setting the environment variable
NODES_EXCLUDE: "[\"n8n-nodes-base.code\"]"(Docs) - Disable Python support in the Code node by setting the environment variable
N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false, which was introduced in n8n version 1.104.0. - Configure n8n to use the task runner based Python sandbox via the
N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLEDandN8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNERenvironment variables. (Docs)
Resources
- n8n documentation: Blocking access to nodes
- n8n documentation: Code Node (Python)
- n8n documentation: Task Runners
- Record
GHSA-62r4-hw23-cc8v- CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-693
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. From version 1.0.0 to before 2.0.0, a sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in the Python Code Node that uses Pyodide. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the host system running n8n, using the same privileges as the n8n process. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.0. Workarounds for this issue involve disabling the Code Node by setting the environment variable NODES_EXCLUDE: "["n8n-nodes-base.code"]", disabling Python support in the Code node by setting the environment variable N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false, which was introduced in n8n version 1.104.0, and configuring n8n to use the task runner based Python sandbox via the N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED and N8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNER environment variables.
- Record
CVE-2025-68668- CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L - CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-693
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
n8n Vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Execution in Pyodide based Python Code Node
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. From version 1.0.0 to before 2.0.0, a sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in the Python Code Node that uses Pyodide. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the host system running n8n, using the same privileges as the n8n process. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.0. Workarounds for this issue involve disabling the Code Node by setting the environment variable NODES_EXCLUDE: "["n8n-nodes-base.code"]", disabling Python support in the Code node by setting the environment variable N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false, which was introduced in n8n version 1.104.0, and configuring n8n to use the task runner based Python sandbox via the N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED and N8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNER environment variables.
- Record
CVE-2025-68668- CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-693
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSVGHSA-62r4-hw23-cc8v
n8n Vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Execution in Pyodide based Python Code Node
Impact
A sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in the Python Code Node that uses Pyodide.
An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the host system running n8n, using the same privileges as the n8n process.
Patches
In n8n version 1.111.0, a task-runner-based native Python implementation was introduced as an optional feature, providing a more secure isolation model.
To enable it, you need to configure the N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED and N8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNER environment variables.
This implementation became the default starting with n8n version 2.0.0.
Workarounds
- Disable the Code Node by setting the environment variable
NODES_EXCLUDE: "[\"n8n-nodes-base.code\"]"(Docs) - Disable Python support in the Code node by setting the environment variable
N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false, which was introduced in n8n version 1.104.0. - Configure n8n to use the task runner based Python sandbox via the
N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLEDandN8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNERenvironment variables. (Docs)
Resources
- n8n documentation: Blocking access to nodes
- n8n documentation: Code Node (Python)
- n8n documentation: Task Runners
- Record
GHSA-62r4-hw23-cc8v- CVSS 3.1
- 9.9 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L - Weakness
- CWE-693
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
Affected packages
| Package | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|
n8nnpm |
1.0.0 up to 2.0.0 | 2.0.0 |
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2025-68668 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.9) in N8n, published December 26, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 13.2%, the 96th percentile. Fixed in n8n 2.0.0.
References
github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-62r4-hw23-cc8v
smartkeyss.com/post/cve-2025-68668-breaking-out-of-the-python-sandbox-in-n8n
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68668