CVE-2025-71399

Better Auth relies on better-call, which uses the rou3 router library. In affected versions of rou3, paths are normalized by removing empty segments, so /path, //path, and ///path resolve to the same route. In Better Auth versions prior to 1.4.5 (which bundles the fixed rou3), this can allow attackers to bypass disabledPaths configuration and path-based rate limits by submitting requests with extra slashes in the URL path. The issue does not apply in deployments where the proxy or platform normalizes URLs by collapsing multiple slashes.

Better Auth relies on better-call, which uses the rou3 router library. In affected versions of rou3, paths are normalized by removing empty segments, so /path, //path, and ///path resolve to the same route. In Better Auth versions prior to 1.4.5 (which bundles the fixed rou3), this can allow attackers to bypass disabledPaths configuration and path-based rate limits by submitting requests with extra slashes in the URL path. The issue does not apply in deployments where the proxy or platform normalizes URLs by collapsing multiple slashes.

Better Auth relies on better-call, which uses the rou3 router library. In affected versions of rou3, paths are normalized by removing empty segments, so /path, //path, and ///path resolve to the same route. In Better Auth versions prior to 1.4.5 (which bundles the fixed rou3), this can allow attackers to bypass disabledPaths configuration and path-based rate limits by submitting requests with extra slashes in the URL path. The issue does not apply in deployments where the proxy or platform normalizes URLs by collapsing multiple slashes.

Summary

An issue in the underlying router library rou3 can cause /path and //path to be treated as identical routes. If your environment does not normalize incoming URLs (e.g., by collapsing multiple slashes), this can allow bypasses of disabledPaths and path-based rate limits.

Details

Better Auth uses better-call, which internally relies on rou3 for routing. Affected versions of rou3 normalize paths by removing empty segments. As a result:

• /sign-in/email
• //sign-in/email
• ///sign-in/email

…all resolve to the same route.

Some production setups automatically collapse multiple slashes. This includes:

• Vercel with Nextjs (default)
• Cloudflare - when normalize to urls origin is enabled (https://developers.cloudflare.com/rules/normalization/settings/#normalize-urls-to-origin)

In these environments and other configurations where //path reach Better Auth as /path, the issue does not apply.

Fix

Updating rou3 to the latest version resolves the issue:

• better-call previously depended on "rou3": "^0.5.1"
• The fix was introduced after that version (commit: https://github.com/h3js/rou3/commit/f60b43fa648399534507c9ac7db36d705b8874c3)

Better Auth recommends:

1. Upgrading to Better Auth v1.4.5 or later, which includes the updated rou3.
2. Ensuring the proxy normalizes URLs.
3. If project maintainers cannot upgrade yet, they can protect their app by normalizing url before it reaches better-auth handler. See example below:

const req = new Request(...) // this would be the actual request object
const url = new URL(req.url);
const normalizedPath = url.pathname.replace(/\/+/g, "/");

if (url.pathname !== normalizedPath) {
  url.pathname = normalizedPath;
  // Update the raw request pathname
  Object.defineProperty(req, "url", {
    value: url.toString(),
    writable: true,
    configurable: true,
  });
}

Impact

• Bypass disabledPaths
• Bypass path-based rate limits

The impact of bypassing disabled paths could vary based on a project's configuration.

Better Auth relies on better-call, which uses the rou3 router library. In affected versions of rou3, paths are normalized by removing empty segments, so /path, //path, and ///path resolve to the same route. In Better Auth versions prior to 1.4.5 (which bundles the fixed rou3), this can allow attackers to bypass disabledPaths configuration and path-based rate limits by submitting requests with extra slashes in the URL path. The issue does not apply in deployments where the proxy or platform normalizes URLs by collapsing multiple slashes.

Better Auth relies on better-call, which uses the rou3 router library. In affected versions of rou3, paths are normalized by removing empty segments, so /path, //path, and ///path resolve to the same route. In Better Auth versions prior to 1.4.5 (which bundles the fixed rou3), this can allow attackers to bypass disabledPaths configuration and path-based rate limits by submitting requests with extra slashes in the URL path. The issue does not apply in deployments where the proxy or platform normalizes URLs by collapsing multiple slashes.

Summary

An issue in the underlying router library rou3 can cause /path and //path to be treated as identical routes. If your environment does not normalize incoming URLs (e.g., by collapsing multiple slashes), this can allow bypasses of disabledPaths and path-based rate limits.

Details

Better Auth uses better-call, which internally relies on rou3 for routing. Affected versions of rou3 normalize paths by removing empty segments. As a result:

• /sign-in/email
• //sign-in/email
• ///sign-in/email

…all resolve to the same route.

Some production setups automatically collapse multiple slashes. This includes:

• Vercel with Nextjs (default)
• Cloudflare - when normalize to urls origin is enabled (https://developers.cloudflare.com/rules/normalization/settings/#normalize-urls-to-origin)

In these environments and other configurations where //path reach Better Auth as /path, the issue does not apply.

Fix

Updating rou3 to the latest version resolves the issue:

• better-call previously depended on "rou3": "^0.5.1"
• The fix was introduced after that version (commit: https://github.com/h3js/rou3/commit/f60b43fa648399534507c9ac7db36d705b8874c3)

Better Auth recommends:

1. Upgrading to Better Auth v1.4.5 or later, which includes the updated rou3.
2. Ensuring the proxy normalizes URLs.
3. If project maintainers cannot upgrade yet, they can protect their app by normalizing url before it reaches better-auth handler. See example below:

const req = new Request(...) // this would be the actual request object
const url = new URL(req.url);
const normalizedPath = url.pathname.replace(/\/+/g, "/");

if (url.pathname !== normalizedPath) {
  url.pathname = normalizedPath;
  // Update the raw request pathname
  Object.defineProperty(req, "url", {
    value: url.toString(),
    writable: true,
    configurable: true,
  });
}

Impact

• Bypass disabledPaths
• Bypass path-based rate limits

The impact of bypassing disabled paths could vary based on a project's configuration.