CVE-2025-8452
Unauthenticated leak of sensitive information affecting multiple models from Brother Industries, Ltd., Toshiba Tec, and Konica Minolta, Inc.
By using the "uscan" protocol provided by the eSCL specification, an attacker can discover the serial number of multi-function printers that implement the Brother-provided firmware. This serial number can, in turn, can be leveraged by the flaw described by CVE-2024-51978 to calculate the default administrator password. This flaw is similar to CVE-2024-51977, with the only difference being the protocol by which an attacker can use to learn the remote device's serial number. The eSCL/uscan vector is typically only exposed on the local network. Any discovery service that implements the eSCL specification can be used to exploit this vulnerability, and one such implementation is the runZero Explorer. Changing the default administrator password will render this vulnerability virtually worthless, since the calculated default administrator password would no longer be the correct password.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Adjacent network
- Complexity
- Low
- Privileges needed
- None
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- Low
- Integrity
- None
- Availability
- None
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
4.3
Unauthenticated leak of sensitive information affecting multiple models from Brother Industries, Ltd., Toshiba Tec, and Konica Minolta, Inc.
By using the "uscan" protocol provided by the eSCL specification, an attacker can discover the serial number of multi-function printers that implement the Brother-provided firmware. This serial number can, in turn, can be leveraged by the flaw described by CVE-2024-51978 to calculate the default administrator password. This flaw is similar to CVE-2024-51977, with the only difference being the protocol by which an attacker can use to learn the remote device's serial number. The eSCL/uscan vector is typically only exposed on the local network. Any discovery service that implements the eSCL specification can be used to exploit this vulnerability, and one such implementation is the runZero Explorer. Changing the default administrator password will render this vulnerability virtually worthless, since the calculated default administrator password would no longer be the correct password.
- Record
CVE-2025-8452- CVSS 3.1
- 4.3 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-538
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-24270
4.3
By using the "uscan" protocol provided by the eSCL specification, an attacker can discover the serial number of multi-function printers that implement the Brother-provided firmware. This serial number can, in turn, can be leveraged by the flaw described by CVE-2024-51978 to calculate the default administrator password. This flaw is similar to CVE-2024-51977, with the only difference being the protocol by which an attacker can use to learn the remote device's serial number. The eSCL/uscan vector is typically only exposed on the local network. Any discovery service that implements the eSCL specification can be used to exploit this vulnerability, and one such implementation is the runZero Explorer. Changing the default administrator password will render this vulnerability virtually worthless, since the calculated default administrator password would no longer be the correct password.
- Record
EUVD-2025-24270- CVSS 3.1
- 4.3 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N - Updated
- 2026-11-02
GitHub AdvisoriesGHSA-7q89-r4x7-5664
4.3
By using the "uscan" protocol provided by the eSCL specification, an attacker can discover the...
By using the "uscan" protocol provided by the eSCL specification, an attacker can discover the serial number of multi-function printers that implement the Brother-provided firmware. This serial number can, in turn, can be leveraged by the flaw described by CVE-2024-51978 to calculate the default administrator password. This flaw is similar to CVE-2024-51977, with the only difference being the protocol by which an attacker can use to learn the remote device's serial number. The eSCL/uscan vector is typically only exposed on the local network. Any discovery service that implements the eSCL specification can be used to exploit this vulnerability, and one such implementation is the runZero Explorer. Changing the default administrator password will render this vulnerability virtually worthless, since the calculated default administrator password would no longer be the correct password.
- Record
GHSA-7q89-r4x7-5664- CVSS 3.1
- 4.3 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-538
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
4.3
By using the "uscan" protocol provided by the eSCL specification, an attacker can discover the serial number of multi-function printers that implement the Brother-provided firmware. This serial number can, in turn, can be leveraged by the flaw described by CVE-2024-51978 to calculate the default administrator password. This flaw is similar to CVE-2024-51977, with the only difference being the protocol by which an attacker can use to learn the remote device's serial number. The eSCL/uscan vector is typically only exposed on the local network. Any discovery service that implements the eSCL specification can be used to exploit this vulnerability, and one such implementation is the runZero Explorer. Changing the default administrator password will render this vulnerability virtually worthless, since the calculated default administrator password would no longer be the correct password.
- Record
CVE-2025-8452- CVSS 3.1
- 4.3 Medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N - Weakness
- CWE-538
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
- brother industries, ltd ads-1350w
- brother industries, ltd ads-1800w
- brother industries, ltd ads-2700we
- brother industries, ltd ads-3300w
- brother industries, ltd ads-4300n
- brother industries, ltd ads-4500w
- brother industries, ltd ads-4700w
- brother industries, ltd ads-4900w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-7090dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-7190dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-7190dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-7195dw
Show 401 moreShow less
- brother industries, ltd dcp-9030cdn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7520dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7530dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7535dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7548w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7558w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7578dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7600d
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7600db
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7608w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7620dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7620dwb
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7628dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7638dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7640dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7640dwb
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7648dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7650dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-b7658dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-c1210n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-c421w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j1050dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j1100dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j1140dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j1200n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j1200w(xl)
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j1200we
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j1203n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j1700dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j1800dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j1800n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j4140n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j4143n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j4543n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j526n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j528n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j572dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j572n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j577n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j582n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j587n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j772dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j774dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j914n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j915n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j928n-wb
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j972n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j973n-w/b
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j978n-w/b
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j981n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j982n-w/b
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j987n-b
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j987n-w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-j988n
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l1630w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l1632w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l1638w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l1848w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2508dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2518dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2530dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2530dwr
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2531dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2532dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2535dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2537dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2548dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2550dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2550dnr
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2550dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2550dw(twn)
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2551dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2551dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2552dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2600d
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2600dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2605dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2620dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2622dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2625dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2627dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2627dwe
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2627dwxl
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2628dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2640dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2640dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2647dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2648dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2660dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2665dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l2680dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l3510cdw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l3515cdw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l3517cdw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l3520cdw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l3520cdwe
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l3528cdw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l3550cdw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l3551cdw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l3555cdw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l3560cdw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l3568cdw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5500dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5502dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5510dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5510dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5512dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5518dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5600dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5602dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5610dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5650dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5652dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5660dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l5662dn
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l6600dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-l8410cdw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t220
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t225
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t226
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t420w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t425w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t426w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t428w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t430w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t435w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t436w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t439w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t510w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t510w(for china)
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t520w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t525w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t530dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t535dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t536dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t710w
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t710w(for china)
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t720dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t725dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t730dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t735dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t820dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t825dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t830dw
- brother industries, ltd dcp-t835dw
- brother industries, ltd ds/mds-940dw
- brother industries, ltd fax-l2710dn
- brother industries, ltd fax-l2800dw
- brother industries, ltd hl-j6000cdw
- brother industries, ltd hl-j6000dw
- brother industries, ltd hl-j6100dw
- brother industries, ltd hl-l2390dw
- brother industries, ltd hl-l2395dw
- brother industries, ltd hl-l2464dw
- brother industries, ltd hl-l2465dw
- brother industries, ltd hl-l2475dw
- brother industries, ltd hl-l2480dw
- brother industries, ltd hl-l3290cdw
- brother industries, ltd hl-l3300cdw
- brother industries, ltd hl-l5218dn
- brother industries, ltd hl-l5228dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-4340dwe
- brother industries, ltd mfc-7890dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-7895dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-8530dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-8540dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-9150cdn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-9350cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-b7715dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-b7720dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-b7800dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-b7810dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-b7810dwb
- brother industries, ltd mfc-b7811dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-ex670w
- brother industries, ltd mfc-ex910
- brother industries, ltd mfc-ex915dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j1010dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j1012dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j1170dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j1205w(xl)
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j1215w
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j1300dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j1500n
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j1605dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j1800dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j2330dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j2340dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j2730dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j3530dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j3540dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j3930dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j3940dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j4335dw(xl)
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j4340dw(xl)
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j4345dw xl
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j4440dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j4440n
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j4443n
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j4535dw(xl)
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j4540dw(xl)
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j4540n
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j491dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j4940dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j497dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5330dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5335dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5340dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5340dwe
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5345dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5630cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5730dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5740dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5800cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5830dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5845dw(xl)
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5855dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5855dw xl
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5930dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5945dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j5955dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6530dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6535dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6540dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6540dwe
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6555dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6555dw xl
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6580cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6583cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6730dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6740dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j690dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6930dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6935dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6940dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6945dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6947dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6955dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6957dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6959dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6980cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6983cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6995cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6997cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j6999cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j7100cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j7300cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j738dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j738dwn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j739dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j739dwn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j7500cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j7600cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j7700cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j805dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j805dw xl
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j815dw xl
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j890dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j893n
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j895dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j898n
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j904n
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j905n
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j926n-wb
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j939dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j939dwn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j995dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j995dw xl
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j998dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-j998dwn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2690dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2710dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2710dnr
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2710dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2710dwr
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2712dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2712dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2713dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2715dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2715dw(for tiwan, koria)
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2716dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2717dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2730dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2730dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2730dwr
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2732dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2750dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2750dwr
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2750dwxl
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2751dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2760dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2765dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2770dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2771dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2800dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2802dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2802dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2805dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2806dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2807dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2817dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2820dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2820dwxl
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2827dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2827dwxl
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2835dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2860dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2860dwe
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2861dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2862dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2880dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2880dwxl
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2885dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2886dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2900dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2900dwxl
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2920dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2922dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2960dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l2980dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3710cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3720cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3730cdn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3735cdn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3740cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3740cdwe
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3745cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3750cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3755cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3760cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3765cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3768cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3770cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l3780cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5700dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5700dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5702dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5710dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5710dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5715dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5715dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5717dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5718dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5728dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5750dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5755dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5800dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5802dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5850dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5900dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5902dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5912dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l5915dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6700dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6702dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6710dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6720dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6750dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6800dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6810dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6820dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6900dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6900dwg
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6902dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6910dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6912dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6915dn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6915dn csp
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6915dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6950dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l6970dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l8340cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l8390cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l8395cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l8610cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l8610cdw(for japan)
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l8690cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l8900cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l9570cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l9570cdw(for japan)
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l9577cdw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l9610cdn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l9630cdn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l9635cdn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-l9670cdn
- brother industries, ltd mfc-t4500dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-t810w
- brother industries, ltd mfc-t810w(for china)
- brother industries, ltd mfc-t910dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-t920dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-t925dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-t930dw
- brother industries, ltd mfc-t935dw
- brother industries, ltd nfc-ex670
- brother industries, ltd nfc-j903n
- konica minolta, inc. bizhub 4000i
- konica minolta, inc. bizhub 4020i
- konica minolta, inc. bizhub 5000i
- konica minolta, inc. bizhub 5020i
- toshiba tec e-studio301dn
- toshiba tec e-studio302dnf
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, GitHub Advisories, NVD |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2025-8452 is a medium vulnerability (CVSS 4.3) in Brother Industries, Ltd Ads-1350w, published August 12, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.27%, the 19th percentile. No source names a fixed version.
References
support.brother.com/g/b/faqend.aspx?c=us&lang=en&prod=group2&faqid=faq00100851_000
rapid7.com/blog/post/multiple-brother-devices-multiple-vulnerabilities-fixed
help.runzero.com/docs/installing-an-explorer
takeonme.org/gcves/GCVE-1337-2025-00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001011111011111010111111001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-51977
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8452
github.com/advisories/GHSA-7q89-r4x7-5664