CVE-2025-9408
Userspace privilege escalation vulnerability on Cortex M
System call entry on Cortex M (and possibly R and A, but I think not) has a race which allows very practical privilege escalation for malicious userspace processes.
Attack profile
How easy it is to exploit
- Attack vector
- Local
- Complexity
- High
- Privileges needed
- None
- User interaction
- None
What an attacker can affect
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Exploit likelihood
What each source reports
CVE List Score used
Userspace privilege escalation vulnerability on Cortex M
System call entry on Cortex M (and possibly R and A, but I think not) has a race which allows very practical privilege escalation for malicious userspace processes.
- Record
CVE-2025-9408- CVSS 3.1
- 8.2 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-270
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
EUVDEUVD-2025-84338
System call entry on Cortex M (and possibly R and A, but I think not) has a race which allows very practical privilege escalation for malicious userspace processes.
- Record
EUVD-2025-84338- CVSS 3.1
- 8.2 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Updated
- 2026-11-02
NVD
System call entry on Cortex M (and possibly R and A, but I think not) has a race which allows very practical privilege escalation for malicious userspace processes.
- Record
CVE-2025-9408- CVSS 3.1
- 8.1 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-270
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
OSV
Userspace privilege escalation vulnerability on Cortex M
System call entry on Cortex M (and possibly R and A, but I think not) has a race which allows very practical privilege escalation for malicious userspace processes.
- Record
CVE-2025-9408- CVSS 3.1
- 8.1 High
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - Weakness
- CWE-270
- Updated
- 2026-11-02
Affected products
History
| Recorded | Changed | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| first indexed | CVE List, EUVD, NVD, OSV |
Dates are when Every CVE recorded each change. Upstream dates may differ.
In short
CVE-2025-9408 is a high vulnerability (CVSS 8.2) in Zephyrproject-rtos Zephyr, published November 11, 2025. No source lists public exploit code. EPSS puts the chance of exploitation in the next 30 days at 0.12%, the 2nd percentile. No source names a fixed version.